The importance of mother-child interaction on smart device usage and behavior outcomes among toddlers: a longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, smart devices have become an integral part of daily life. However, longitudinal studies, particularly those regarding the relationship between toddlers' smart device usage and behavioral outcomes, are limited. Understanding the impact of parent-child interactions on this relationship is crucial for enhancing toddlers' developmental outcomes. Accordingly, this study examined the influence of early screen time and media content exposure on toddlers' behaviors, as well as the positive effects of mother-child interactions on this influence. METHODS: We used relevant data related to 277 children born between November 2016 and July 2020 and who were part of an ongoing prospective follow-up study conducted across five hospitals in Taipei City, Taiwan. We analyzed (1) data from maternal reports regarding children's behavior by using the Child Behavior Checklist (for ages 11/2-5 years), (2) assessments of mother-child interactions by using the Brigance Parent-Child Interactions Scale, and (3) self-reported parental data covering the first 3 postpartum years. Statistical analyses involved group-based trajectory modeling and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: A considerable increase in screen time between the ages of 1 and 3 years was associated with less favorable behavioral outcomes at age 3. These outcomes included somatic complaints [adjusted beta coefficient (aß) = 2.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.39-3.95, p-value = 0.01], withdrawal (aß = 2.42, 95% CI = 0.15-4.69, p-value = 0.04), and aggressive behavior (aß = 6.53, 95% CI = 0.25-12.81, p-value = 0.04). This association was particularly evident among children with lower levels of mother-child interaction. Nevertheless, positive mother-child interactions mitigated most of the adverse effects. Additionally, increased exposure to games and cartoons was associated with poorer behavioral outcomes in all children except for those experiencing positive mother-child interactions. CONCLUSION: Early mother-child interactions play a crucial role in mitigating the risk of behavioral problems in toddlers who spend prolonged periods looking at screens and who are frequently exposed to game and cartoon content.

Spontaneous uterine rupture at a non-cesarean section scar site caused by placenta percreta in the early second trimester of gestation: A case report.

OBJECTIVES: Risk factors for placenta percreta are placenta previa and prior cesarean delivery. Placenta percreta-induced ruptures at non-cesarean sites are very rare, particularly in the early second trimester. CASE REPORT: A 30-year-old woman with a prior cesarean delivery was brought to our emergency department at 17 weeks' gestation for sudden-onset consciousness loss and generalized convulsions. Hypovolemic shock was identified. Computed tomography scans suggested uterine rupture and massive ascites, r/o hemoperitoneum. Emergency exploratory laparotomy revealed a ruptured hole over the left uterine fundus with protruding placental tissue; placenta percreta was impressed. An intact intrauterine sac was dissected and removed. The placenta was removed and hysterorrhaphy was completed. CONCLUSION: Placenta percreta is dangerous and is rarely seen in the early second trimester. Uterine rupture should always be kept in mind in pregnant woman with acute abdomen associated with hypovolemic shock, even in those of early pregnancy without scarred uterus. Routine sonographic examination of placentation, even in early second trimester, should be emphasized.

Ovarian cancer detection by DNA methylation in cervical scrapings.

BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer, worldwide, largely due to its vague and nonspecific early stage symptoms, resulting in most tumors being found at advanced stages. Moreover, due to its relative rarity, there are currently no satisfactory methods for OC screening, which remains a controversial and cost-prohibitive issue. Here, we demonstrate that Papanicolaou test (Pap test) cervical scrapings, instead of blood, can reveal genetic/epigenetic information for OC detection, using specific and sensitive DNA methylation biomarkers. RESULTS: We analyzed the methylomes of tissues (50 OC tissues versus 6 normal ovarian epithelia) and cervical scrapings (5 OC patients versus 10 normal controls), and integrated public methylomic datasets, including 79 OC tissues and 6 normal tubal epithelia. Differentially methylated genes were further classified by unsupervised hierarchical clustering, and each candidate biomarker gene was verified in both OC tissues and cervical scrapings by either quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (qMSP) or bisulfite pyrosequencing. A risk-score by logistic regression was generated for clinical application. One hundred fifty-one genes were classified into four clusters, and nine candidate hypermethylated genes from these four clusters were selected. Among these, four genes fulfilled our selection criteria and were validated in training and testing set, respectively. The OC detection accuracy was demonstrated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) in 0.80-0.83 of AMPD3, 0.79-0.85 of AOX1, 0.78-0.88 of NRN1, and 0.82-0.85 of TBX15. From this, we found OC-risk score, equation generated by logistic regression in training set and validated an OC-associated panel comprising AMPD3, NRN1, and TBX15, reaching a sensitivity of 81%, specificity of 84%, and OC detection accuracy of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.82-1) in testing set. CONCLUSIONS: Ovarian cancer detection from cervical scrapings is feasible, using particularly promising epigenetic biomarkers such as AMPD3/NRN1/TBX15. Further validation is warranted.

TET1 promotes 5hmC-dependent stemness, and inhibits a 5hmC-independent epithelial-mesenchymal transition, in cervical precancerous lesions.

DNA hypermethylation is a driving force in carcinogenesis. However, the role of active DNA hypomethylation in cancer remains largely unknown. This process, facilitated by ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1), which oxidizes 5-methylcytosine (5 mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), has never been studied in cervical cancer. Here, we found that TET1 and 5hmC correlative increases from normal cervix to Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), maximizing in High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and decreasing in invasive cancer. Full-length HPV-immortalized HSIL cells demonstrated higher TET1/5hmC levels, and stemness properties, compared to invasive cancer cells. TET1 silencing promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), to transform precancerous cells in vivo. TET1 increased 5hmC in the ZEB1 and VIM promoters, surprisingly, silencing both genes. TET1 interaction with the histone modifiers, LSD1 and EZH2, on the ZEB1 promoter, resulted in gene silencing, via loss of histone H3K4 trimethylation, and gain of histone H3K27 trimethylation. Taken together, TET1 promotes stemness properties, and inhibits EMT, in HSIL cells, through 5hmC-dependent and -independent mechanisms.

Laparoscopy-assisted robotic myomectomy using the da Vinci system.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of a woman with a large uterine myoma who underwent laparoscopy-assisted robotic myomectomy using the da Vinci system. CASE REPORT: A 38-year-old, gravida 2, para 2, female patient presented to our office with a chief complaint of lower abdominal pressure and pain. A pelvic sonogram disclosed a subserosal myoma with a broad base, measuring approximately 9 x 8 x 7 cm, which was located at the anterior uterine wall. The patient insisted on preserving her uterus and was concerned with the cosmetic results after the surgery. She showed willingness to undergo myomectomy using the newly developed laparoscopy-assisted robotic system (da Vinci) and signed the consent form. The operation time was about 3 hours, with an estimated blood loss of 150 mL. The patient passed flatus and resumed oral intake on the following day. CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive surgery is the trend of the future. Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery is a new technique for myomectomy. This robotic system provides a three-dimensional operative field and an easy-to-use control panel, which may be of great help when applying the suturing techniques and may shorten the learning curve. More experience with and long-term follow-up of robotic surgery may be warranted to further validate the role the robot-assisted approach in gynecologic surgery.

Gestational thrombocytopenia complicated with macrosomia, failure to progress in active labor, and postpartum hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE: Gestational thrombocytopenia is a rare event, and the etiology is unknown. Generally, there is no need for intervention because of the absence of coagulopathy. However, when complicated with other obstetric conditions, care should be taken to prevent a dangerous cascade. Here, we present a patient with severe gestational thrombocytopenia complicated with macrosomia, failure to progress in active labor, and severe postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section. CASE REPORT: A 25-year-old, gravida 4, para 0, patient from our antenatal clinic developed thrombocytopenia with advancing gestation. Severe thrombocytopenia (platelets, 53 x 109/L) and suspected macrosomia were noted at 39 3/7 weeks of gestation. Induction of labor was conducted for a planned vaginal delivery, but the active labor failed to progress. A cesarean section was performed instead, resulting in immediate postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony. Uterine massage, direct compression, and 10 IU of oxytocin (Piton-S, 10 IU/mL; PT Organon, Indonesia) improved uterine contraction only temporarily. Misoprostol was administered rectally. The patient was given a transfusion of packed red blood cells and single-donor platelets. Her condition stabilized after intensive intervention. CONCLUSION: Gestational thrombocytopenia does not usually require treatment if there is no bleeding tendency. However, when other bleeding complications are present, it may exacerbate coagulopathy and exhaust the platelet reserve, thereby worsening the condition. If surgical intervention cannot be avoided, blood and platelet transfusion before a cesarean delivery is highly recommended in severe gestational thrombocytopenia.