Predictors of falls and hospitalization outcomes in elderly patients admitted to an acute geriatric unit.

We aimed to identify fall incidence, predictors and characteristics and to investigate hospitalization outcomes for elderly inpatients. In 340 men and 280 women consecutively admitted to a Acute Geriatric Ward of a University Hospital the following variables were evaluated: demographics, clinical history, main disease responsible for hospitalization, comorbidity (cumulative illness rating scale: CIRS 1 and 2) gait and balance deficit (Tinetti's scales), cognition/function (short portable mental status questionnaire: SPMSQ); activities of daily living: ADL; instrumental activities of daily living: IADL; delirium (confusion assessment method: CAM), drugs administered during hospitalization. Overall 80 falls occurred in 70 patients. The incidence rate of falls was of 6.0 per 1000 patient-days with 2.0 falls per bed/year. Age (relative risk=RR=1.050; 95% confidence interval=CI=1.013-1.087), delirium (RR=3.577; 95% CI 1.096-11.672), diabetes (RR=5.913; 95% CI 1.693-20.644), balance deficit (RR=0.914; 95% CI 0.861-0.970) and polypharmacy (RR=1.226; 95% CI 1.122-1.340) were independently predictive of falling. Fallers had a prolonged length of stay (LOS) (35.5+/-47.8 days vs. 23.2+/-27.2; p=0.01) and more frequent nursing home placements (12.9% vs.5.6%; p<0.005). The knowledge of falling predictors might help in planning specific preventive strategies to improve the patients' global health status and to reduce the costs of medical care.

Risk factors of functional decline during hospitalization in the oldest old.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The number of hospital admissions of the elderly is increasing and hospitalization often leads to functional decline. The aim of this study was to identify major risk factors for functional decline in the hospitalized oldest old. METHODS: Prospective, observational, non-randomized study of patients aged >/=80 years, admitted for at least two days to the University Department of Geriatric Medicine of Torino, Italy, between November 2003 and November 2004. For detection of functional decline, the ADL scale was used, referring to the number of dependent ADL. RESULTS: At discharge, ADL mean scores were significantly higher than on admission (2.5+/-2 vs 2.3+/-1.9, p<0.001). 23.9% of the sample lost at least one ADL function during hospitalization, and 19.2% were transferred to long-term care, compared with 5.4% of those with no functional decline. Length of hospitalization, neoplasm, low level of albumin and high number of drugs prescribed were associated with functional decline. At multivariate analysis, only in-hospital stay was an independent risk factor for functional decline (RR 1.1 per day of hospitalization, CI 1.03-1.14). CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalization of the oldest old increases the risk of functional decline, especially if prolonged. It is important to identify patients at high risk for functional decline after hospital admission.