Effects of swift heavy ions on metal nanoparticles embedded in silica: Using linearly polarized light to monitor the elongation kinetics.

The elongation of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in a dielectric matrix after irradiation with swift heavy ions is a phenomenon that has been known for several years. However, the precise mechanism behind this deformation process is still not fully understood, primarily due to the dearth of information during intermediate stages of deformation. In this study, we report the continuation of our previous work [Peña-Rodríguez et al., Sci. Rep. 7(1), 922 (2017)], exploiting the strong dependence of the localized surface plasmon resonance on the aspect ratio of elongated metal NPs to study the elongation kinetics in situ. In situ optical absorption spectra were measured using a polarizing beam splitter to separate the longitudinal and transverse plasmon modes of the anisotropic NPs. Then, the detailed geometrical and compositional parameters were determined from a fit of these spectra. The use of linearly polarized light allowed for a more accurate analysis of the elongation kinetics, particularly useful in the first stages, where longitudinal and transverse modes overlap.

Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in HIV-Negative, Non-transplant Patients: Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention.

Purpose of Review: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is an opportunistic fungal infection that is increasingly seen in HIV-negative patients with immune compromise due to other etiologies. We lack comprehensive clinical recommendations for this population. Recent Findings: In non-HIV cases, PJP has a mortality rate of up to 50%, which is unacceptable despite the presence of safe and effective prophylaxis and therapy. Steroid use is one of the most common risk factors for disease development. New data suggests that lower doses of the preferred treatment regimen, TMP-SMX, may be equally effective for treatment while limiting side effects. While commonly used, the benefit of corticosteroids for the treatment of PJP has recently been called into question, with a recent multicenter cohort demonstrating no benefit among solid organ transplant recipients. Summary: A high suspicion of PJP in individuals with pneumonia during immunosuppressant use is crucial. Therapeutic options are evolving to decrease potential side effects while maintaining efficacy in this highly morbid disease.

Epidemiology and Clinical Outcomes of Bacterial Meningitis in Children and Adults in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Purpose of Review: Despite the availability of effective vaccines against the three primary pathogens (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and Neisseria meningitidis) that cause bacterial meningitis, this condition remains a significant cause of morbidity, neurologic sequelae, and mortality among children and adults living in low-income and middle-income countries. Recent Findings: Bacterial meningitis represents a significant public health challenge for national and global health systems. Since vaccine-preventable meningitis remains highly prevalent in low-income and middle-income countries, the World Health Organization (WHO) recently developed a global roadmap to defeating meningitis by 2030 and ameliorating its associated neurological sequelae. Summary: There is a need for a global approach to surveillance and prevention of bacterial meningitis. Increasing vaccination coverage with conjugate vaccines against pneumococcus and meningococcus with optimal immunization schedules are high-value healthcare interventions. Additionally, overcoming diagnostic challenges and the early institution of empirical antibiotic therapy and, when feasible, adjunctive steroid therapy constitutes the pillars of reducing the disease burden of bacterial meningitis in resource-limited settings.

Assessing the effect of COVida orphans and vulnerable children support services on viral load coverage and suppression among children and adolescents living with HIV in four provinces in Mozambique.

Orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) programs focusing on improving HIV outcomes for children and adolescents living with HIV (C&ALHIV) may improve viral load (VL) testing coverage, a critical step toward achieving VL suppression. In Mozambique, we conducted a retrospective medical record review comparing VL testing coverage and suppression between C&ALHIV receiving OVC support and two cohorts of non-participants constructed using propensity score matching. We collected data for 25,783 C&ALHIV in Inhambane, Maputo City, Nampula, and Tete between October 2020-September 2021. Unadjusted rates of VL testing were 62.9% among OVC participants compared with 39.2% and 50.4% of non-participants in OVC support and non-OVC support districts, respectively. In multivariate models, OVC participants were 18 and 10 percentage points more likely to have received a VL test than non-participants in OVC districts (p < 0.01) and non-OVC districts (p < 0.01), respectively. OVC participants under 5 years old were significantly more likely to have received a VL test than their same-age counterparts in both comparison groups. Overall, the OVC program did not demonstrate significant effects on VL suppression. This approach could be replicated in other contexts to improve testing coverage. It is crucial that clinical partners and governments continue to share data to enable timely monitoring through OVC programming.

Expediting online liquid chromatography for real-time monitoring of product attributes to advance process analytical technology in downstream processing of biopharmaceuticals.

The application of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) principles for manufacturing of biotherapeutics proffers the prospect of ensuring consistent product quality along with increased productivity as well as substantial cost and time savings. Although this paradigm shift from a traditional, rather rigid manufacturing model to a more scientific, risk-based approach has been advocated by health authorities for almost two decades, the practical implementation of PAT in the biopharmaceutical industry is still limited by the lack of fit-for-purpose analytical methods. In this regard, most of the proposed spectroscopic techniques are sufficiently fast but exhibit deficiencies in terms of selectivity and sensitivity, while well-established offline methods, such as (ultra-)high-performance liquid chromatography, are generally considered as too slow for this task. To address these reservations, we introduce here a novel online Liquid Chromatography (LC) setup that was specifically designed to enable real-time monitoring of critical product quality attributes during time-sensitive purification operations in downstream processing. Using this online LC solution in combination with fast, purpose-built analytical methods, sampling cycle times between 1.30 and 2.35 min were achieved, without compromising on the ability to resolve and quantify the product variants of interest. The capabilities of our approach are ultimately assessed in three case studies, involving various biotherapeutic modalities, downstream processes and analytical chromatographic separation modes. Altogether, our results highlight the expansive opportunities of online LC based applications to serve as a PAT tool for biopharmaceutical manufacturing.

Risk of Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treated With Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A Case-Control Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

Background: Prior reports have suggested a possible increase in the frequency of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) with use of a Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) for treatment of chronic lymphoid malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but precise estimates are lacking. We aim to characterize the prevalence of IFIs among patients with CLL, for whom a BTKi is now the first-line recommended therapy. Methods: We queried TriNetX, a global research network database, to identify adult patients with CLL using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision code (C91.1) and laboratory results. We performed a case-control propensity score-matched analysis to determine IFIs events by BTKi use. We adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and clinical risk factors associated with an increased risk of IFIs. Results: Among 5358 matched patients with CLL, we found an incidence of 4.6% of IFIs in patients on a BTKi versus 3.5% among patients not on a BTKi at 5 years. Approximately 1% of patients with CLL developed an IFI while on a BTKi within this period. Our adjusted IFI event analysis found an elevated rate of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) (0.5% vs 0.3%, P = .02) and invasive candidiasis (3.5% vs 2.7%, P = .012) with the use of a BTKi. The number needed to harm for patients taking a BTKi was 120 and 358 for invasive candidiasis and PJP, respectively. Conclusions: We found an adjusted elevated rate of PJP and invasive candidiasis with BTKi use. The rates are, however, low with a high number needed to harm. Additional studies stratifying other IFIs with specific BTKis are required to identify at-risk patients and preventive, cost-effective interventions.

Effect of exercise duration on toluene-induced locomotor sensitization in mice: a focus on the Renin Angiotensin System.

RATIONALE: Exercise attenuates addictive behavior; however, little is known about the contribution of exercise duration to this positive effect. The Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) has been implicated both in addictive responses and in the beneficial effects of exercise; though, its role in the advantageous effects of exercise on toluene-induced addictive responses has not been explored. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of different exercise regimens in mitigating the expression of toluene-induced locomotor sensitization and to analyze changes in RAS elements' expression at the mesocorticolimbic system after repeated toluene exposure and following voluntary wheel running in toluene-sensitized animals. METHODS: Toluene-induced addictive-like response was evaluated with a locomotor sensitization model in mice. Toluene-sensitized animals had access to running wheels 1, 2, 4 or 24 h/day for 4 weeks; thereafter, locomotor sensitization expression was evaluated after a toluene challenge. RAS elements (ACE and ACE2 enzymes; AT1, AT2 and Mas receptors) expression was determined by Western blot in the VTA, NAc and PFCx of toluene-sensitized mice with and without exercise. RESULTS: Individual differences in toluene-induced locomotor sensitization development were observed. Access to wheel running 1 and 2 h/day reduced but 4 and 24 h/day completely blocked locomotor sensitization expression. Repeated toluene exposure changed RAS elements' expression in the VTA, NAc and PFCx, while exercise mainly modified ACE and AT1 in air-exposed and toluene-sensitized mice. CONCLUSIONS: Inhalant-exposed animals show different sensitization phenotypes. Exercise duration determined its efficacy to attenuate the addictive-like response. Toluene exposure and exercise each modified RAS, the latter also modifying toluene-induced changes.

An Effective Health System Approach to End TB: Implementing the Double X Strategy in Vietnam.

Countries that are high burden for TB must reverse the COVID-19 pandemic's devastating effects to accelerate progress toward ending TB. Vietnam's Double X (2X) strategy uses chest radiography (CXR) and GeneXpert (Xpert) rapid diagnostic testing to improve early detection of TB disease. Household contacts and vulnerable populations (e.g., individuals aged 60 years and older, smokers, diabetics, those with alcohol use disorders, and those previously treated for TB) with and without TB symptoms were screened in community campaigns using CXRs, followed by Xpert for those with a positive screen. In public non-TB district facilities, diabetics, respiratory outpatients, inpatients with lung disease, and other vulnerable populations underwent 2X evaluation. During COVID-19 restrictions in Vietnam, the 2X strategy improved access to TB services by decentralization to commune health stations, the lowest level of the health system, and enabling self-screening using a quick response mobile application. The number needed to screen (NNS) with CXRs to diagnose 1 person with TB disease was calculated for all 2X models and showed the highest yield among self-screeners (11 NNS with CXR), high yield for vulnerable populations in communities (60 NNS) and facilities (19 NNS), and moderately high yield for household contacts in community campaigns (154 NNS). Computer-aided diagnosis for CXRs was incorporated into community and facility implementation and improved physicians' CXR interpretations and Xpert referral decisions. Integration of TB infection and TB disease evaluation increased eligibility for TB preventive treatment among household contacts, a major challenge during implementation. The 2X strategy increased the rational use of Xpert, employing a health system-wide approach that reached vulnerable populations with and without TB symptoms in communities and facilities for early detection of TB disease. This strategy was effectively adapted to different levels of the health system during COVID-19 restrictions and contributed to post-pandemic TB recovery in Vietnam.

Weight change with antiretroviral switch from integrase inhibitor or tenofovir alafenamide-based to Doravirine-Based regimens in people with HIV.

BACKGROUND: Weight gain has been well-described with integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF). Doravirine (DOR) has been identified as a relatively "weight-neutral" drug; however, there is little data describing its effect on weight change in routine clinical practice. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of weight change among people with HIV changing from an INSTI- to a non-INSTI regimen with DOR. RESULTS: At the time of ART switch, among 49 people with HIV, the mean age was 47 years, 24% were female, and 75% had HIV-1 viral load <200 copies/mL. Most (55%) people with HIV were taking bictegravir/TAF/emtricitabine prior to the switch. Although 84% switched due to concerns about weight gain, only 16% had a weight gain of ≥10% in the year preceding, and 49% had no substantial change in weight. 86% switched to DOR/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. A weight decrease (-2.6% [95% CI: -5.1, -0.1%, p = .041] was seen over the year following the ART switch. Weight change prior to switch was greatest in the year 2021 compared to 2019, 2020, and 2022. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, modest changes in weight were seen following ART switch from INSTI-based regimen to a DOR-based, non-INSTI regimen. Further investigations with larger people with HIV cohorts will be helpful to guide clinical practice, while the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on weight change should also be considered.

Barriers and facilitators in self-care and management of chronic kidney disease in dialysis patients: A systematic review of qualitative studies.

AIM: To identify and synthesise qualitative studies on barriers and facilitators perceived by dialysis patients in relation to self-care and disease management. DESIGN: Systematic review of qualitative studies. DATA SOURCES: Qualitative study articles were extracted from PUBMED, MEDLINE, COCHRANE, WEB OF SCIENCE (WOS), CINAHL PsycINFO and EMBASE and electronic journals of the Spanish Society of Nephrology and Spanish Society of Nephrological Nursing until May 2022. Studies on barriers and/or facilitators affecting self-care and disease management expressed by people undergoing haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis were included. REVIEW METHODS: The SPICE (Setting, Perspective, Intervention, Comparison and Evaluation) strategy was used to develop issues and subissues through the thematic synthesis of the qualitative findings. GRADE-CERQual was used to evaluate the articles. RESULTS: From 172 articles, 15 qualitative articles about barriers and facilitators perceived by patients concerning self-care and disease management were finally included. Identified eight facilitators and four barriers. CONCLUSION: Patients perceived a significant number of barriers and facilitators. It is possible to identify which aspects facilitate self-management of their disease and to understand that the processes are individualised. This is why therapeutic strategies should be designed to foster the participation and empowerment of the person in the management of the disease. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: Identifying the barriers and facilitators concerning the management of chronic kidney disease furnishes us with knowledge for individualised clinical practice and improved care processes. IMPACT: This review is the first to synthesise barriers and facilitators in haemodialysis patients about the management of their disease and treatment. The results enable the proposal of improvements in the training of healthcare personnel, clinical practice guidelines and action protocols to improve the daily life and management of the disease by patients. No patient or public contribution due to this is a systematic review.

Managing Modern Antiretroviral Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit: Overcoming Challenges for Critically Ill People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a 50% excess risk for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, often for non-HIV-related conditions. Despite this, clear guidance for managing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in this setting is lacking. Selecting appropriate ART in the ICU is complex due to drug interactions, absorption issues, and dosing adjustments. Continuing ART in the ICU can be challenging due to organ dysfunction, drug interactions, and formulary limitations. However, with careful consideration, continuation is often feasible through dose adjustments or alternative administration methods. Temporary discontinuation of ART may be beneficial depending on the clinical scenario. Clinicians should actively seek resources and support to mitigate adverse events and drug interactions in critically ill people with HIV. Navigating challenges in the ICU can optimize ART and improve care and outcomes for critically ill people with HIV. This review aims to identify strategies for addressing the challenges associated with the use of modern ART in the ICU.

Chagas disease in the United States: a call for increased investment and collaborative research.

Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a highly overlooked parasitic infection within the United States. It affects an estimated 300,000 individuals, often remaining asymptomatic for years before triggering severe complications such as cardiomyopathy in 30-40% of cases. While many contract the disease in Latin America, its transmission by local vectors in the southern U.S. presents a significant challenge. Unfortunately, limited access to diagnosis and treatment persists, alongside unresolved gaps in healthcare systems and disease pathogenesis. In this viewpoint, we discuss the need for focused research and public health initiatives, with U.S. research institutions playing a crucial role in developing new treatments and identifying biomarkers. Furthermore, investigating the genetic variations of T. cruzi between North and South America is vital for improving diagnostic and treatment strategies. Urgent action is required to implement national and local programs, bolstering healthcare responses and advancing research efforts.Q4As per journal style section heading 'Introduction' is mandatory, hence we have introduced the heading. Please check, and correct if necessary.ResolvedQ5If there are any drug dosages in your article, please verify them and indicate that you have done so by initialing this query.ResolvedQ6Please supply the year of publication.ResolvedFootnoteView Edit Log9.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Disseminated Strongyloidiasis in the United States-A Multicenter Network Analysis.

Human strongyloidiasis is a potentially life-threatening parasitic disease among immunocompromised hosts. We aim to determine the factors and mortality associated with disseminated strongyloidiasis. We conducted a U.S.-based multicenter retrospective cohort study to determine 90-day clinical outcomes for people diagnosed with Strongyloides infection in the TriNetX patient database. We identified adult patients with the International Classification of Diseases (10th revision, clinical modification) code for Strongyloides infection (B78) or a positive Strongyloides IgG antibody test and captured outcomes at 90 days. We identified 5,434 patients with strongyloidiasis, of whom 48 had disseminated strongyloidiasis for 0.9% prevalence of disseminated disease. Systemic connective tissue disorders, pulmonary eosinophilia, liver cirrhosis, blood disorders (monoclonal gammopathy, aplastic anemia, and lymphoid malignancy), malnutrition, alcohol use disorder, and transplantation status were frequent in patients with disseminated disease. Mortality was significantly higher in people with disseminated disease at 30 days (21%). The 90-day risk of hospitalization, bacteremia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was higher in those with disseminated infection. People with disseminated strongyloidiasis had a heightened risk of hospitalization, bacteremia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and mortality. The population at risk for severe strongyloidiasis infection is evolving, reflecting conditions in which glucocorticoids or additional immunosuppressive medications are commonly used for treatment.

Sex-based differences in treatment approaches and outcomes among patients with mpox: Limitations of real-world data.

BACKGROUND: Limited data on females with mpox restricts understanding of potential sex-based disparities in treatment and outcomes. This study aims to investigate these differences using administrative claims and clinical data repositories. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed adults diagnosed with mpox using TriNetX, stratifying cohorts by sex. The primary outcome included urgent care, emergency room, and hospitalization visits, with secondary outcomes including clinical findings, vaccination, and treatment. RESULTS: Among 2011 cases, 90% were male. Males were older, more likely to identify as Hispanic or Latino, and had higher HIV prevalence and sexually transmitted infection rates. Hospitalization rates were low for both groups, with similar healthcare utilization. However, males received fewer opioid analgesics, glucocorticoids, and antiemetics versus females. Vaccination and tecovirimat use were minimal in both groups. CONCLUSION: Addressing sex disparities in mpox treatment and outcomes is crucial, but existing data sources like administrative claims and clinical data repositories pose limitations.

Cemented vs cementless stems for revision arthroplasties due to Vancouver B2 periprosthetic hip fracture.

PURPOSE: According to Vancouver classification, B2 type fractures are most often treated with removal of the loose stem and implantation of a long stem that bypasses the fracture site. However, there is a controversy about the stem fixation that should be used: cemented or cementless. Hence, this study aims to compare cemented and cementless stems in prosthetic revision due to Vancouver B2 (VB2) periprosthetic hip fracture. METHODS: A retrospective study was done including all the patients treated with stem exchange due to VB2 periprosthetic hip fracture in a tertiary hospital between 2015 and 2022. Patients were divided into two groups according to the stem fixation used: cemented or cementless. Functional outcomes, hospital stay, surgical time, complication rate, and mortality were compared between the two groups of patients. RESULTS: Of the 30 included patients, 13 (43.4%) were treated with cementless stems and 17 (56.7%) with cemented stems. There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, anesthesia risk scale (ASA) or functional capacity prior to the intervention. Patients treated with cementless stems had a higher complication and reintervention rate than those treated with cemented stems: 62 and 45% versus 34 and 6% (p = 0.035; p = 0.010), respectively. Furthermore, in the group of cementless stems a higher proportion of non-union was found (53.8% vs. 17.6%; p = 0.037). Also, the hospital stay (33 vs. 24 days; p = 0.037) and the time to full weight-bearing (21 days vs. 9 days; p < 0.001) were longer in the cementless stem group. CONCLUSION: Cemented fixation in stem revision due to Vancouver B2 periprosthetic hip fracture could be an optimal option with faster recovery which could decrease the rate of complications and reintervention, without compromising the fracture healing and patient mortality. Thus, this option can be considered when an anatomical reduction can be obtained, especially in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities in which a less aggressive surgical option should be considered.

Epidemiological trends and clinical outcomes of cryptococcosis in a medically insured population in the United States: a claims-based analysis from 2017 to 2019.

Background: Emerging risk factors highlight the need for an updated understanding of cryptococcosis in the United States. Objective: Describe the epidemiological trends and clinical outcomes of cryptococcosis in three patient groups: people with HIV (PWH), non-HIV-infected and non-transplant (NHNT) patients, and patients with a history of solid organ transplantation. Methods: We utilized data from the Merative Medicaid Database to identify individuals aged 18 and above with cryptococcosis based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision diagnosis codes from January 2017 to December 2019. Patients were stratified into PWH, NHNT patients, and transplant recipients according to Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines. Baseline characteristics, types of cryptococcosis, hospitalization details, and in-hospital mortality rates were compared across groups. Results: Among 703 patients, 59.7% were PWH, 35.6% were NHNT, and 4.7% were transplant recipients. PWH were more likely to be younger, male, identify as Black, and have fewer comorbidities than patients in the NHNT and transplant groups. Notably, 24% of NHNT patients lacked comorbidities. Central nervous system, pulmonary, and disseminated cryptococcosis were most common overall (60%, 14%, and 11%, respectively). The incidence of cryptococcosis fluctuated throughout the study period. PWH accounted for over 50% of cases from June 2017 to June 2019, but this proportion decreased to 47% from July to December 2019. Among the 52% of patients requiring hospitalization, 61% were PWH and 35% were NHNT patients. PWH had longer hospital stays. In-hospital mortality at 90 days was significantly higher in NHNT patients (22%) compared to PWH (7%) and transplant recipients (0%). One-year mortality remained lowest among PWH (8%) compared to NHNT patients (22%) and transplant recipients (13%). Conclusion: In this study, most cases of cryptococcosis were PWH. Interestingly, while the incidence remained relatively stable in PWH, it slightly increased in those without HIV by the end of the study period. Mortality was highest in NHNT patients.

Epidemiological trends of cryptococcosis in the US The epidemiology and outcomes of cryptococcosis across the United States have not been recently examined. This study analyzed an insured population from 2017 to 2019 and revealed a relatively stable incidence of cryptococcosis among people with HIV, while concurrently demonstrating a slightly increased incidence among individuals without HIV. Notably, mortality rates were highest among non-HIV-infected and non-transplant patients.

Gender differences in symptomatology, socio-demographic information and quality of life in Spanish population with long COVID condition: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Long COVID patients experience a decrease in their quality of life due to the symptomatology produced by the disease. It is also important to understand how long COVID affects both men and women. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of long COVID symptomatology on the quality of life of Spanish adults from a gender perspective. Methods: An observational and cross-sectional study was carried out. Participants were able to complete an online questionnaire using an online platform. A sample of 206 people participated in the study. Results: The 80.6% of the sample were women with a mean age of 46.51 (±8.28) and the 19.4% were men with a mean age of 48.03 (±9.50). The medium score in the PAC19-QoL test was 141.47 (±24.96) and segmented by gender, 141.65 (±23.95) for women and 140.82 (±28.66) for men. The most common symptoms in women were muscle and joint pain (94.6%), fatigue (94.0%), discomfort (92.2%), difficulty concentrating (91.0%), and memory loss (88.6%). For men the symptoms included muscle and joint pain (97.5%) and fatigue (97.5%) both occupying first position, discomfort (92.0%), difficulty concentrating (90.0%), mood disturbances (90.0%), and memory loss (87.5%). The chi-square test showed statistical significance (p < 0.005) for socio-demographic information, quality of life scores, and long COVID symptoms by intensities. Conclusion: This study shows that there are gender differences in the way that long COVID is experienced.

Adaptation and Validation of the MapMe Body Image Scales in Spanish Parents of Schoolchildren.

Childhood overweight and obesity is a worldwide problem and to treat it parents' detection has to be improved. The MapMe Body Image Scales (BIS) are a visual tool developed to improve parental perception of child weight in the United Kingdon (UK) based on British growth reference criteria. The aim of this study was to make a transcultural adaptation and validation of the MapMe BIS in Spain based on International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut offs A descriptive cross-sectional study was done. First, a translation and cultural adaptation was carried out. A total of 155 10-11-year-old children and their parents participated in this study. Children were measured to calculate their weight status, Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Fat Percentage (BFP) and Waist Circumference (WC), and their parents completed a purpose designed questionnaire about their perception and satisfaction of child's body weight status using the adapted BIS. Test-retest reliability, criterion validity and concurrent validity of the adapted BIS were analyzed. This study shows that the adapted MapMe BIS has good psychometric properties and is a suitable visual scale to assess parental perception of weight status in 10 and 11-year-old children in Spain.