Regeneration of jejunal wall defect using an implant based on silk fibroin fibers.

Regenerative properties of fibroin implant vitalized with allogeneic bone marrow cells were assessed. The study was performed using the experimental model of rat jejunum wall damage. Three weeks after surgery, we observed recovery of all layers of the jejunum wall at the site of injury and complete degradation of the implant material.

Osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow stromal cells on fibroin microcarriers.

We investigated the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells cultured on fibroin microcarriers. Effective cell proliferation on the surface of the microcarriers, determined by the large surface area, and the contribution of microcarrier mineralization to the stimulation of the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells was revealed.

[[Epidemiological, Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Anorectal Malformations (Review)].]

The review presents an analysis of current data on the epidemiology, etiology, clinical and genetic characteristics of congenital anorectal malformations (AM). According to international registers of congenital malformations prevalence of the AM varies from 2 to 5 per 10,000 births. There was no change in the prevalence over time of AM (absence of temporal trends). Most studies have indicated the predominance of males among patients with AM. Approximately 40 - 70% of patients with AM have congenital malformations of other organs and systems. The data on the participation of genetic and environmental factors in the origin of the AM. A brief clinical and genetic characteristics of the most common syndromes (association) with the AM.

[The application of laser therapy for the medical rehabilitation of the children presenting with chronic osteomyelitis].

The objective of the present study was to develop a scientifically sound rationale for the application of infrared laser radiation (IRLR) either separately or in the combination with fluctuation magnetic therapy in the medical rehabilitation of the children presenting with chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis. Another objective was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of this therapeutic modality. Two achieve these goals, the clinical observations and special research studies were conducted in two directions with the participation of 95 patients at the age varying from 1 to 15 years. The study has demonstrated the effectiveness of the inclusion of IRLR in the medical rehabilitation program for the children with chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis in different periods of the disease. It was shown that the transcutaneous infrared irradiation of the affected area during the exacerbation of chronic osteomyelitis had a well apparent immunostimulatory effect and reduced the activity of the inflammatory process. The application of IRLR in combination with fluctuation magnetic therapy during the period of partial remission, had a more pronounced influence on the microcirculation and stimulated the regenerative and trophic processes.

[Fundamental bases for the use of silk fibroin-based bioresorbable microvehicles as an example of skin regeneration in therapeutic practice].

AIM: To assess whether silk fibroin-based microvehicles (MVs) may be used to grow fibroblasts (FBs) and keratinocytes (KCs), key cellular components in skin regeneration after injury. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Cryogrinding was applied to derive MVs from fibroin-based and fibroin- and 30% gelatin-containing composite matrices. To examine the structure of the matrices and MVs, confocal microscopy was used to conjugate the polymer with the dye tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate. Microparticle size distribution was estimated by granulometric analysis. 3T3 mouse FBs and cultured primary mouse KCs expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) were used to study whether fibroin-based MVs might be suitable for growing the cells involved in skin regeneration. KC growth was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy from cellular GFP expression. The proliferation rate of FBs and KCs was estimated by a MTT assay. RESULTS: There were two derived MV types: fibroin-based and fibroin and 30% gelatin-containing composite ones. On day 1, 3T3 mouse FBs on the fibroin-based gelatin-free MVs actively proliferated and the presence of gelatin in MVs diminished the proliferation of these cells. Fibroin-based MVs were shown to be suitable for the effective in vitro growth of KCs expressing cytokeratins 5 and 14, the major markers of KCs in the basal layer. Gelatin did not give rise to accelerated KC growth. The investigation has demonstrated that is possible to regulate FB proliferation on MVs, which is of great importance in delivering the cells into the site of injury since intensive proliferation of FBs may lead to the development of fibrosis and the formation of scar tissue. Balanced FB growth is essential to the creation of optimal conditions for KC growth in composite tissue-engineering constructions. CONCLUSION: The use of fibroin-based MVs is promising for the design of novel therapeutic materials and injectable cell therapy for different diseases.

[The physiological significance of proliferative and alterative processes].

This article is a brief review of publications dedicated to a problem of basic regularities of proliferative and alternative processes in health and disease and their physiological, general biological and special meaning. Historical background shows the evolution of scientists' viewpoints regarding essentials and reasons of diseases. The publication spotlights systematization of proliferative and alternative reactions in different pathophysiological processes. It is underlined that the development of morbid conditions can start not only with structural-functional changes, but also with failure of physiological processes of regulation. A principle of universality and balance of cell and humeral responses is taken as a basis of humoral-cell proliferation, which is provided, on one side by their conservatism and on the other side by their flexibility. Modern investigations confirm that various physiological reactions of proliferation in organism are allelically determined more frequently, and their disturbances may have epigenetic character. The main physiological meaning of proliferative and destructive processes remains their protective-adaptive role in organism, and their study and diagnostics keep an important section in recognition of various pathophysiological states.

[Various aspects of the pathogenesis of hematogenic osteomyelitis in children].

Characteristic features of the pathogenesis of hematogenous osteomyelitis in children against the background of complex treatment are described. The data characterizing the development of an osteomyelitic focus are presented. Some of the causes of the prolonged course of the disease and its transition into the chronic stage, as well as the aspects of immunobiological protection of the organism in the course of treatment have been studied.

[Compensation of the rectum muscle dysfunction].

The possibility of compensating for the inborn pathology of the obturative apparatus of the rectum has been examined. An adequate experimental model of encopresis and a method of transplantological compensation of this pathological state have been developed.

[Intracavitary laser therapy and its effect on the kallikrein-kinin system of blood in children with pneumothorax].

The article presents the results of low-intensity laser application in complex treatment of 137 children with acute purulent destructive pneumonia complicated by pneumothorax with bronchial fistulas. A method of intracavitary laser therapy, developed in the clinic, allowed obliteration of bronchopleural fistulas without application of bronchial occlusion and other invasive techniques. Evaluation of the kallikrein-kinin system of blood revealed prominent reduction of kininogenesis in most (87%) patients upon admission (3 weeks after the onset of the disease), which is an important link of the pathogenesis of late stages of complicated acute purulent lung destruction in children. The study also demonstrated that low-intensity laser emission modulates pyoinflammatory process due to its effect on cell-mediated immunity, neutrophilic phagocytosis and the kallikrein-kinin system of blood. Intracavitary laser therapy is the treatment of choice in children with acute purulent destructive pneumonia complicated by pneumothorax with bronchial fistulas. Application of intracavitary laser therapy in complex therapy of complicated acute purulent lung destruction in children allowed discharge from the hospital 5 to 7 day earlier, and prevented lung inflammatory process chronization. None of the patients have died within last 10 years.

Stabilizing effect of milk angiogenin on the crystal structure of biological fluids.

We revealed a new property of angiogenin to restore the crystal structure of biological fluids (human blood plasma and exudates) impaired in various pathologies.

[Acute pancreatitis in children]. / Ostryi pankreatit u detei.

The article shows the results of treatment of 66 children, aged from 5 months to 14 years, with acute pancreatitis (AP), 17 of them had the destructive form of the disease. The causes of AP development in children are analysed and the criteria of its diagnosis are determined. Particular attention is focused on the methods of the diagnosis of destructive forms, ultrasonic examination of the abdominal cavity and laparoscopy among others. Sparing surgical policy for pancreonecrosis was applied, including injections of protease inhibitors and antibiotics around the pancreas, drainage of the omental bursa and abdominal cavity, and cholecystostomy. A scheme of postoperative management of these patients is suggested. Discrete plasmapheresis was applied in severe intoxication. Two patients with destructive AP died due to the development of severe hepatorenal failure.

[Treatment of generalized forms of suppurative peritonitis in children]. / Lechenie rasprostranënnykh form gnoinogo peritonita u detei.

The article deals with the experience in the treatment of 220 children with generalized forms of purulent peritonitis of various origin (appendicular, posttraumatic, consequence of destructive pancreatitis and other inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity). A scheme of therapeutic measures which were applied for the control of infection and endotoxicosis is given. They include homeostasis by means of extracorporeal detoxification, differentiated immunocorrection, quantum therapy, and other modern methods of treatment. Mortality among the patients was 5.9%, while before the introduction of the described methods into practice it was 13.2%.

[Treatment of generalized purulent appendicular peritonitis in children]. / Lechenie rasprostranënnogo gnoinogo appendikuliarnogo peritonita u detei.

Experience in the treatment of 137 children with a most severe and complicated course of generalized purulent peritonitis of appendicular genesis is generalized. It is shown that such patients must be concentrated in centers of pediatric surgery providing the possibility of applying a complex of diagnostic examinations and therapeutic measures, including purposeful antibiotic therapy, differentiated immunocorrection, and effective detoxification. The detoxification and immunocorrection effect of discrete plasmapheresis with two-stage "washing out" of the red cells is illustrated in the discussion of 22 cases. It is pointed out that in operations for generalized purulent peritonitis the abdominal cavity must not only be cleansed but also drained adequately and intubation of the intestine must be carried out with aspiration of its content for 3-5 days and application of enterosorption through an intestinal tube. A complex of organizational and therapeutic measures made it possible to reduce considerably the mortality rate in acute appendicitis and its complications in the Moscow Region.

[Serum immunoglobulins in the assessment of pulmonary inflammatory processes in children]. / Syvorotochnye immunoglobuliny v otsenke techeniia vospolitel'nogo protsessa v legkikh u detei.

The article discusses the information on the level and dynamics of serum immunoglobulins (Ig) in 48 children with acute pneumothorax (AP) which complicated acute respiratory virus infection and destructive pneumonia. Analysis of the results showed that appraisal of the Ig level with consideration for the terms of the development of the disease and the generally accepted laws of the formation of the immune response makes it possible to evaluate objectively the patient's condition, the degree of the inflammatory process and the destruction of the pulmonary tissue, establish the time of the development of the complication, predict the course and outcome of the process, and appraise objectively the results of treatment with immune agents in a complex of therapeutic measures.

[Helium-neon laser irradiation in combined treatment of children with suppurative diseases of the lungs and pleura]. / Gelii-neonovoe lazernoe izluchenie v kompleksnom lechenii detei s gnoinymi zabolevaniiami legkikh i plevry.

The article discusses the results of treatment of acute ischemia of the pleura in 60 children with the use of intracavitary laser therapy. The empyema cavity was irradiated through a quartz flexible monocrystal light guide. The authors studied the effect of helium-neon laser beam on the empyema microflora, the condition of immunity, and the specific features of the clinical course of acute empyema of the pleura. Treatment by helium-neon laser radiation promotes rapid closure of bronchopleural fistulas, reduces the period of treatment, causes an immunocorrection effect, and does not exert a bactericidal effect on the flora.