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Introduction Phlebotomy is an invasive technique that requires technical competence, which often makes novice nurses nervous. We created a phlebotomy training program with roleplaying scenarios in which the learners played the role of a nurse and a patient. Methods The study included 84 novice nurses. They played the role of a patient and a nurse and were administered a survey at the end of the training. Data were analyzed using text mining and natural language processing. Results By playing the role of a patient, novice nurses were able to increase awareness of patients' feelings and understand the principles of nursing techniques. Conclusions Phlebotomy training involving roleplay enabled learners to understand the importance of communication and how to make their patients feel comfortable.
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Objectives: IL1ß enhances proliferation of synovial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (synMSCs) although they don't express its receptor, IL1R1/CD121a, on the cell surface. This study was aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of IL1ß-mediated growth promotion. Methods: Human synMSCs were isolated from the suprapatellar synovial membrane. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT. Flowcytometric analyses were performed for surface antigen expression. Intracellular signaling pathway was analyzed by western blotting, immunocytochemistry and Q-PCR. Results: IL1ß enhanced proliferation through IL1R1/CD121a because IL1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra) completely inhibited it. Expression analyses indicated that a short isoform of IL1R1/CD121a is expressed in synMSCs. Immunocytochemistry indicated that IL1R1/CD121a was majorly localized to the cytoplasm. Western blotting indicated that IL1ß induced delayed timing of the ERK1/2 phosphorylation and IκBα degradation in synMSCs. Q-PCR analyses for IL1ß-target genes indicated that cyclin D was specifically downregulated by a MAPK/ERK inhibitor, U0126, but not by a NFκB inhibitor, TPCA-1. In contrast, the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL1α and IL6 are significantly decreased by TPCA-1 but less effectively decreased by U0126. Conclusion: Our data indicated that the cytoplasmic IL1R1/CD121a transduced IL1ß signal in synMSCs. And the growth-promoting effect of IL1ß can be separated from its inflammatory cytokine-inducing function in synMSCs.
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BACKGROUND AIMS: Synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell source for cartilage regeneration because of their high proliferative ability and chondrogenic potential. We have performed clinical trials using synovial MSCs to regenerate articular cartilage. To achieve good clinical outcomes for cell transplantation therapy, it is important to control both quantity (cell number) and quality (pluripotency or chondrogenic potential) of the cells for transplantation. Interleukin (IL)-1ß is a pro-inflammatory cytokine with significant pro-proliferative potential for mesenchymal cells. However, the effects of IL-1ß on synovial MSCs remain unknown. We investigated the effects of pretreatment with IL-1ß on synovial MSCs. METHODS: Human synovial tissue was harvested during total knee arthroplasty. Nucleated cells were plated and cultured in the absence or presence of IL-1ß at 10-13, 10-12, 10-11, 10-10, 10-9 or 10-8 g/mL for 14 days. RESULTS: The number of synovial MSCs increased in a concentration-dependent manner. When cultured for 21 days in chondrogenic medium after pretreatment with 10-8 g/mL IL-1ß, pellet aggregation was observed, whereas pretreatment with 10-12, 10-11 or 10-10 g/mL IL-1ß significantly increased the weight of cartilage pellets (P <0.01). Surface markers for adhesion ability and pluripotency were reduced with high concentrations of IL-1ß. IL-6 and IL-8 expression increased, but no changes in the expression level of growth factors were indicated by cytokine array. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that pretreatment of IL-1ß increased the proliferation and chondrogenic potential of synovial MSCs, which may promote the regenerative potential of synovial MSCs.
