Key Odorants in Japanese Roasted Barley Tea (Mugi-Cha)-Differences between Roasted Barley Tea Prepared from Naked Barley and Roasted Barley Tea Prepared from Hulled Barley.

The volatiles isolated by solvent extraction and solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) from roasted barley tea, prepared from either hulled barley or naked barley, were subjected to a comparative aroma extract dilution analysis, which resulted in 27 odor-active compounds with flavor dilution factors (FD factors) of 64-1024. An additional 5 odorants were detected by static headspace analysis. Quantitation of these 32 compounds revealed 22 and 23 odorants in the naked barley tea and in the hulled barley tea, respectively, that exceeded their odor-threshold values. On the basis of these data, the aromas of both barley tea variants were successfully reconstituted with reference compounds. The calculation of odor-activity values (OAVs = concentration/odor-threshold value) and omission tests suggested 2-methoxyphenol (OAVs 69 and 160) and trans-isoeugenol (OAVs 1.4 and 31) as key compounds responsible for the stronger smoky note in the hulled barley tea. Further important odorants in the naked and hulled barley teas included 2-acetylpyrazine (OAVs 23 and 16), 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (OAVs 19 and 16), and 3-methylbutanal (OAVs 12 and 15).

Total synthesis of (-)-thallusin: utilization of enzymatic hydrolysis resolution.

(-)-Thallusin, isolated from a marine bacterium, is the only known natural product to act as an algal morphogenesis inducer. Because (-)-thallusin can only be obtained in exceedingly limited amounts from microbial cultivation, a synthetic supply of this compound is highly desirable. Here, we describe a novel synthetic pathway to (±)-thallusin and the first asymmetric synthesis of (-)-thallusin utilizing the enzymatic hydrolysis resolution with the combination of lipase PS-30 and lipase M Amamo-10.

Ilumatobacter nonamiense sp. nov. and Ilumatobacter coccineum sp. nov., isolated from seashore sand.

Bacterial strains YM16-303(T) and YM16-304(T) were isolated from a sample of seashore sand using a medium with an artificial seawater base. Both isolates grew slowly on marine agar, and were found to be Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ll-diaminopimelic acid, glycine, alanine and hydroxyglutamic acid, and the acyl type of the muramic acid was glycolyl. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H8). The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains YM16-303(T) and YM16-304(T) were most similar to that of Ilumatobacter fluminis YM22-133(T), and phylogenetic analyses also indicated that they belong to the genus Ilumatobacter. Ilumatobacter fluminis YM22-133(T) and strains YM16-303(T) and YM16-304(T) should be classified as distinct species in the genus Ilumatobacter, however, since the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between them was low and the major cellular fatty acids and some physiological properties were different. Moreover, average nucleotide identity and maximal unique exact matches index values also supported the conclusion that they represent different species. On the basis of the above analyses, two novel species, Ilumatobacter nonamiense sp. nov. (type strain YM16-303(T) = NBRC 109120(T) = KCTC 29139(T)) and Ilumatobacter coccineum sp. nov. (type strain YM16-304(T) = NBRC 103263(T) = KCTC 29153(T)), are proposed. The order Acidimicrobiales, which contains the genus Ilumatobacter, currently includes six genera and only six species, and they are phylogenetically very far from each other. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that strains YM16-303(T) and YM16-304(T) clustered with closely related uncultured actinobacteria but not Ilumatobacter fluminis YM22-133(T), suggesting that many uncultured bacteria related to these isolates exist in the environment. This is the first report on interspecies relationships in the order Acidimicrobiales.

Kineosphaera nakaumiensis sp. nov., a novel actinobacterial species of the genus Kineosphaera isolated from sediments in Lake Nakaumi.

A novel actinobacterial strain, designated YM16-381(T), was isolated from sediments of Lake Nakaumi in Shimane Prefecture, Japan. The cell of the strain was motile, non-spore-forming and Gram-positive. The colony was gray-pink and circular on marine agar 2216 medium. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain belongs to the family Dermatophilaceae of the suborder Micrococcineae. The highest sequence similarity value of the isolate was 96.2% against Kineosphaera limosa. The diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall was meso-A2pm. The major menaquinone was MK-8(H4). The DNA G+C contents were 70.5 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were C17:1ω8c, C16:0, C15:0 and C18:1ω9c. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and ninhydrin-positive phosphoglycolipid. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic studies, strain YM16-381(T) represents a novel species of the genus Kineosphaera within the family Dermatophilaceae, for which the name Kineosphaera nakaumiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YM16-381(T) (=KCTC 29138(T)=NBRC 109121(T)).

Portibacter lacus gen. nov., sp.nov., a new member of the family Saprospiraceae isolated from a saline lake.

A strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, orange-pigmented, rod-shaped, non-motile and chemoheterotrophic bacteria representing a new genus and species, designated YM8-076T, was isolated from lake water collected at a harbor on Lake Notoro, Hokkaido, Japan. Preliminary analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the novel isolate could be affiliated with the family Saprospiraceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes and that it showed highest sequence similarity (88.5%) to Haliscomenobacter hydrossis ATCC 27775T. The strain could be differentiated phenotypically from recognized members of the family Saprospiraceae. The G+C content of DNA was 53.7 mol%, MK-7 was the major menaquinone and iso-C15：0, iso-C15：1 and iso-C17：0 3-OH were the major cellular fatty acids. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic studies, it was concluded that strain YM8-076T represents a new genus and species of the family Saprospiraceae. We propose the name Portibacter lacus gen. nov., sp. nov. for this strain; its type strain is YM8-076T (=KCTC 23747T=NBRC 108769T).

Streptobactin, a tricatechol-type siderophore from marine-derived Streptomyces sp. YM5-799.

A new catechol-type siderophore, streptobactin (1), was isolated from a culture broth of the marine-derived actinomycete Streptomyces sp. YM5-799. The structure of streptobactin was determined by NMR and MS analyses and ESIMS/MS experiments to be a cyclic trimer of benarthin. A dibenarthin (2), a tribenarthin (3), and benarthin (4) were also obtained. The production of 1 was regulated by an iron concentration in the culture. The iron-chelating activity of the compounds was evaluated by the chrome azurol sulfonate assay.

Miniimonas arenae gen. nov., sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from sea sand.

A Gram-positive, non-motile, coccoid- to rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium, designated strain YM18-15(T), was isolated from sea sand and studied using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain YM18-15(T) grew under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A4ß and ornithine was the diagnostic diamino acid. The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and an unknown phospholipid, MK-8(H(4)) was the major menaquinone and the predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C(15 : 0) and C(16 : 0). The DNA G+C content was 74.2 mol%. High 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities (96.3-97.3 %) were found with the sequences of the type strains of the three genera of the family Beutenbergiaceae. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YM18-15(T) formed a clade with Serinibacter salmoneus, Salana multivorans and Beutenbergia cavernae. Strain YM18-15(T) differed from these three type strains in chemotaxonomic characteristics and in 16S rRNA gene signature nucleotides. Based on genetic and chemotaxonomic evidence, it is suggested that strain YM18-15(T) represents a novel species of a new genus within the family Beutenbergiaceae, for which the name Miniimonas arenae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is YM18-15(T) (=NBRC 106267(T)=KCTC 19750(T)=MBIC 08348(T)).

Demequina globuliformis sp. nov., Demequina oxidasica sp. nov. and Demequina aurantiaca sp. nov., actinobacteria isolated from marine environments, and proposal of Demequinaceae fam. nov.

Three Gram-stain-positive actinobacterial strains, designated YM24-125(T), YM05-1041(T) and YM12-102(T), were isolated from marine environments. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that they belonged to the suborder Micrococcineae and were most closely related to members of the genus Demequina with 95.0-98.4 % sequence similarities. Cells of strains YM05-1041(T) and YM12-102(T) were rod-shaped, similar to members of the genus Demequina, while cells of strain YM24-125(T) were cocci to short ovoid rods. All strains grew in the absence of NaCl, but tolerated up to 15 % NaCl. The major menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9 (H(4)) and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidyglycerol. All strains contained straight-chain, iso-branched and anteiso-branched saturated fatty acids. The DNA G+C contents were 65.3-67.3 mol%. The peptidoglycans of strains YM05-1041(T) and YM12-102(T) were the A4ß type with ornithine while that of strain YM24-125(T) contained ornithine and lysine as diamino acids. Phylogenetic analyses and differences in physiological and biochemical characteristics indicated that these three isolates represent novel species within the genus Demequina, for which the names Demequina globuliformis sp. nov. (with YM24-125(T)  = NBRC 106266(T)  = KCTC 19747(T)  = MBIC 08349(T) as the type strain), Demequina oxidasica sp. nov. (with YM05-1041(T)  = NBRC 106264(T)  = KCTC 19746(T)  = MBIC 08346(T) as the type strain) and Demequina aurantiaca sp. nov. (with YM12-102(T)  = NBRC 106265(T)  = KCTC 19745(T)  = MBIC 08347(T) as the type strain) are proposed. Based on differences in the quinone system, the presence of demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H(4)) and the pattern of 16S rRNA signatures, the three novel strains and current members of the genus Demequina represent a unique family within the suborder Micrococcineae. Therefore, the family Demequinaceae fam. nov. is also proposed.

Cerasicoccus maritimus sp. nov. and Cerasicoccus frondis sp. nov., two peptidoglycan-less marine verrucomicrobial species, and description of Verrucomicrobia phyl. nov., nom. rev.

Three Gram-negative, pale-pink-pigmented, spherical, chemoheterotrophic bacteria were isolated from seawater and a dystrophic leaf in the Republic of Palau. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the novel isolates YM31-114(T), YM31-066(T) and YM31-067 shared approximately 97-100% sequence similarity with members of the genus Cerasicoccus of the family Puniceicoccaceae within the phylum 'Verrucomicrobia.' The hybridization values for DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolates and Cerasicoccus arenae YM26-026(T) were less than 70%, which is accepted as a phylogenetic definition of a species. beta-Lactam antibiotic susceptibility test and amino acid analysis of cell-wall hydrolysates revealed that the novel isolates did not contain muramic acid or diaminopimelic acid in their cell walls, suggesting that these strains lack peptidoglycan. The DNA G+C contents of the three strains were 55-56 mol%; MK-7 was the major menaquinone. The presence of C14:0 and C18:1omega9c as the major cellular fatty acids supported the identification of the novel isolates as members of the genus Cerasicoccus. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic evidence, it was concluded that these strains should be classified as representing two novel, separate species in the genus Cerasicoccus within the phylum 'Verrucomicrobia,' for which the names Cerasicoccus maritimus sp. nov. (type strain YM31-114(T)=MBIC24844(T)) and Cerasicoccus frondis sp. nov. (type strain YM31-066(T)=MBIC24796(T)) are proposed. Proposal for designation of the Verrucomicrobia phyl. nov., nom. rev. is also presented.

Isolation and structure elucidation of tumescenamides A and B, two peptides produced by Streptomyces tumescens YM23-260.

Two peptides, tumescenamides A and B, were isolated from the fermentation broth of a marine bacterium, Streptomyces tumescens YM23-260. The structure of tumescenamide A was determined to be a cyclic depsipeptide consisting of α-amino-2-butenoic acid, tyrosine, valine, leucine and threonine, substituted with a 2,4-dimethylheptanoyl residue at the α-NH(2) position. Tumescenamide B possesses a 2,4,6-trimethylnonanoyl residue in place of the 2,4-dimethylheptanoyl substituent in tumescenamide A. Tumescenamide A induced reporter gene expression under the control of the insulin-degrading enzyme promoter.

Terpenoids produced by actinomycetes: isolation, structural elucidation and biosynthesis of new diterpenes, gifhornenolones A and B from Verrucosispora gifhornensis YM28-088.

New terpenoids named gifhornenolones A (1) and B (2) were isolated from the culture broth of Verrucosispora gifhornensis YM28-088, and their structures were established as hydroxylated isopimaradiene derivatives on the basis of extensive NMR and MS spectral analyses. In addition, a known sesquiterpene compound cyperusol C (3) was isolated. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) and CD spectra as 4R, 5S, 9R, 10S, 13R, and that of 2 was determined by NOESY experiments as 3R, 4R, 5R, 9R, 10S, 13R. Labeling experiments with [1-(13)C]glucose and [U-(13)C(6)]glucose confirmed that the MEP (2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate) pathway was used for the biosynthesis of terpenoids in this organism. 1 showed potent inhibitory activity to the androgen receptor with an IC(50) of 2.8 microg ml(-1).

Salinisporamycin, a novel metabolite from Salinispora arenicola. [corrected].

A new rifamycin antibiotic, salinisporamycin (1), has been isolated from a culture of a marine actinomycete. The producing organism was identified as Salinispora arenicola [corrected] on the basis of the 16S rRNA sequence. High-resolution FAB-MS established the molecular formula of 1 as C(33)H(43)NO(9). The planar structure of 1 was elucidated by NMR spectral analysis including COSY, heteronuclear single quantum coherence and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation. The relative stereochemistry of 1 was determined on the basis of rotating frame nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy. In addition, the solvatochromic behavior of 1 was investigated by measuring the UV spectra. This compound inhibited the growth of A549 cells, the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, with an IC(50) value of 3 microg ml(-1), and also showed antimicrobial activity.

Ilumatobacter fluminis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from the sediment of an estuary.

Bacterial strain YM22-133T was isolated from the sediment of an estuary and grew in media with an artificial seawater base. Strain YM22-133T was Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and rod shaped. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained LL-DAP, glycine, alanine and hydroxyglutamate. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9 (H8), with MK-9 (H0), MK-9 (H2), MK-9 (H4) and MK-9 (H6) present as minor menaquinones. The G+C content of the genomic DNA from the strain was 68 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the strain is nearest to Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans DSM 10331T. However, the similarity is relatively low (87.1%) and the physiological characteristics are also different: Acidimicrobium ferrooxidans is thermotolerant and acidophilic. Therefore, strain YM22-133T can be classified as a novel genus and species, Ilumatobacter fluminis gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain YM22-133T = DSM 18936T = MBIC 08263T).

Leptobacterium flavescens gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, isolated from marine sponge and seawater.

Six obligately aerobic, Gram-negative, non-motile, pale-yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated YM3-301(T), HG868, 04PA2 Co4-8B, 04PA2 Co4-99A, 04PA2 018SW-3 and 04PA2 018SW-18, were isolated from a marine sponge and seawater and were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic investigation. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the novel isolates were affiliated with the family Flavobacteriaceae (phylum Bacteroidetes) and that they showed the highest sequence similarity (90.3-90.9 %) to members of the genus Leeuwenhoekiella and to Zhouia amylotica. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with respect to members of other related genera were only 86.3-89.1 %. In contrast, the six isolates shared high levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.7-100 %) and DNA-DNA relatedness (72-94 %) with each other. The novel isolates were phenotypically and physiologically different from members of related genera. The G+C content of the DNA was 41.8-43.5 mol%, MK-6 was the major menaquinone and i15 : 0, i15 : 1 and i17 : 0 3-OH were the major fatty acids. On the basis of the data from the taxonomic studies, it was concluded that these six novel strains represent a novel genus and species of the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Leptobacterium flavescens gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Leptobacterium flavescens is YM3-301(T) (=KCTC 22160(T)=MBIC 06275(T)=NBRC 104141(T)).

Haloferula rosea gen. nov., sp. nov., Haloferula harenae sp. nov., Haloferula phyci sp. nov., Haloferula helveola sp. nov. and Haloferula sargassicola sp. nov., five marine representatives of the family Verrucomicrobiaceae within the phylum 'Verrucomicrobia'.

Six Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, chemoheterotrophic bacteria designated strains YM23-227(T), 06SJR1-1(T), AK18-024(T), 05IJR53-1(T), MN1-1037(T) and MN1-1047 were isolated from various marine environments and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Preliminary analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the novel isolates could be affiliated with the family Verrucomicrobiaceae of the phylum 'Verrucomicrobia'. The strains shared approximately 94-100 % sequence similarity with each other and showed less than 94 % similarity with members of the family Verrucomicrobiaceae with validly published names. The DNA-DNA relatedness between strains YM23-227(T) and 06SJR1-1(T) was less than 70 %, a value that is accepted as a phylogenetic definition of a species. The cell wall peptidoglycan of the strains contained muramic acid and meso-diaminopimelic acid. The novel isolates produced carotenoid pigments and squalene. The DNA G+C contents of the six strains were 63-65 mol%. The major menaquinone was MK-9 and iso-C(14 : 0) was the major fatty acid. Based on the evidence from the polyphasic taxonomic study, it was concluded that the six strains should be classified as representing a new genus and five novel species of the family Verrucomicrobiaceae within the phylum 'Verrucomicrobia', for which the names Haloferula rosea gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain 06SJR1-1(T)=MBIC08340(T)=KCTC 22201(T)), Haloferula harenae sp. nov. (type strain YM23-227(T)=MBIC08299(T)=KCTC 22198(T)), Haloferula phyci sp. nov. (type strain AK18-024(T)=MBIC08341(T)=KCTC 22200(T)), Haloferula helveola sp. nov. (type strain 05IJR53-1(T)=MBIC08342(T)=KCTC 22199(T)) and Haloferula sargassicola sp. nov. (type strain MN1-1037(T)=MBIC08343(T)=KCTC 22202(T)) are proposed.

Robiginitalea myxolifaciens sp. nov., a novel myxol-producing bacterium isolated from marine sediment, and emended description of the genus Robiginitalea.

A marine, Gram-negative, deep-orange-coloured, rod/coccoid-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacterial strain, designated YM6-073(T), was isolated from sediment collected in Okinawa, Japan. Strain YM6-073(T) produced the carotenoid (3R,2'S)-myxol. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YM6-073(T) belonged to a distinct lineage in the family Flavobacteriaceae, the closest relative being Robiginitalea biformata HTCC2501(T) (93.7 % sequence similarity). Strain YM6-073(T) could be distinguished from other members of the family Flavobacteriaceae by means of a number of phenotypic characteristics. The DNA G+C content was 50.1 mol%. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(15 : 1)omega10c, iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH and C(15 : 0,) and menaquinone-6 was the only respiratory quinone. DNA-DNA hybridization between strain YM6-073(T) and R. biformata DSM 15991(T) showed less than 10 % DNA-DNA relatedness. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic features, strain YM6-073(T) represents a novel species of the genus Robiginitalea, for which the name Robiginitalea myxolifaciens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YM6-073(T) (=MBIC 06409(T)=KCTC 22216(T)=DSM 21019(T)).

Limibacter armeniacum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel representative of the family 'Flammeovirgaceae' isolated from marine sediment.

Two strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, gliding, apricot- to pale-orange-pigmented, rod-shaped bacteria, strains YM11-185T and YM11-159, were isolated from marine sediments in the Republic of Palau. Preliminary analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the novel isolates could be affiliated with the family 'Flammeovirgaceae' of the phylum Bacteroidetes. Strains YM11-185T and YM11-159 shared 100 % sequence similarity and showed less than 90 % similarity to cultivated representatives of the family 'Flammeovirgaceae'. The novel isolates are phenotypically and physiologically different from strains described previously. The G+C content of DNA was 27.8-27.9 mol%, MK-7 was the major menaquinone and iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1 omega 7c were the major fatty acids. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic studies, it was concluded that strains YM11-185T and YM11-159 represent a novel species in a new genus of the family 'Flammeovirgaceae', for which the name Limibacter armeniacum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Limibacter armeniacum is YM11-185T (=MBIC08286T =KCTC 22132T).

Rubritalea sabuli sp. nov., a carotenoid- and squalene-producing member of the family Verrucomicrobiaceae, isolated from marine sediment.

The taxonomic status of a verrucomicrobial strain isolated from marine sediment was established based on a polyphasic examination. The novel isolate, strain YM29-052T, was obligately aerobic, Gram-negative, non-motile, coccoid or rod-shaped and chemoheterotrophic. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the new isolate shared approximately 94-99 % sequence similarity with members of genus Rubritalea of the family Verrucomicrobiaceae within the phylum 'Verrucomicrobia'. Genomic DNA-DNA hybridization between strain YM29-052T and Rubritalea squalenifaciens HOact23T showed relatedness of <70 %, the value commonly accepted as the threshold for the phylogenetic definition of a species. Strain YM29-052T produces carotenoid compounds that render the cell biomass a pink colour; the strain also contains squalene. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the novel strain contains muramic acid and meso-diaminopimelic acid. The DNA G+C content of strain YM29-052T was 47.7 mol%; MK-8 and MK-9 were the major menaquinones. The presence of iso-C14 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and C16 : 1 omega 7c as major cellular fatty acids supported the identification of the novel isolate as a member of the genus Rubritalea. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic evidence, it was concluded that strain YM29-052T should be classified within a novel species of the genus Rubritalea, for which the name Rubritalea sabuli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YM29-052T (=MBIC08323T =KCTC 22127T).

Description of Persicirhabdus sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov., Roseibacillus ishigakijimensis gen. nov., sp. nov., Roseibacillus ponti sp. nov., Roseibacillus persicicus sp. nov., Luteolibacter pohnpeiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Luteolibacter algae sp. nov., six marine members of the phylum 'Verrucomicrobia', and emended descriptions of the class Verrucomicrobiae, the order Verrucomicrobiales and the family Verrucomicrobiaceae.

Ten pale-pink- and pale-yellow-pigmented, Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, chemoheterotrophic bacteria designated strains YM20-087T, YM21-151, MN1-741T, YM27-120T, YM26-010T, YM24-184, YM20-122, A4T-83T, A5J-41-2T and A5J-40 were isolated from various marine environments and were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic investigation. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these isolates belonged to the phylum 'Verrucomicrobia' (subdivision 1) and represented three independent lineages that were distinct from species of genera of the family Verrucomicrobiaceae with validly published names. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of these strains contained muramic acid and meso-diaminopimelic acid. Strains MN1-741T, YM27-120T, YM26-010T, YM24-184 and YM20-122 produced pinkish carotenoid pigments. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic evidence, it was concluded that these strains should be classified within three new genera, Persicirhabdus gen. nov. (with one species, the type species Persicirhabdus sediminis sp. nov.), Roseibacillus gen. nov. (with three species; type species Roseibacillus ishigakijimensis sp. nov.) and Luteolibacter gen. nov. (with two species; type species Luteolibacter pohnpeiensis sp. nov.), of the family Verrucomicrobiaceae within the phylum 'Verrucomicrobia'. The names Persicirhabdus sediminis gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain YM20-087T =MBIC08313T =KCTC 22039T), Roseibacillus ishigakijimensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain MN1-741T =MBIC08315T =KCTC 12986T), Roseibacillus ponti sp. nov. (type strain YM27-120T =MBIC08316T =KCTC 12987T), Roseibacillus persicicus sp. nov. (type strain YM26-010T =MBIC08317T =KCTC 12988T), Luteolibacter pohnpeiensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain A4T-83T =MBIC08322T =KCTC 22041T) and Luteolibacter algae sp. nov. (type strain A5J-41-2T =MBIC08320T =KCTC 22040T) are therefore proposed. Emended descriptions of the class Verrucomicrobiae, the order Verrucomicrobiales and the family Verrucomicrobiaceae are also presented.

Studies on terpenoids produced by actinomycetes. 5-dimethylallylindole-3-carboxylic Acid and A80915G-8"-acid produced by marine-derived Streptomyces sp. MS239.

As a result of screening for terpenoids produced by marine-derived Streptomyces sp. MS239, two new terpenoids named 5-dimethylallylindole-3-carboxylic acid and A80915G-8''-acid were isolated and their structures were determined mainly by NMR analyses.