[Concordance between preoperative and definitive study in endometrial cancer]. / Concordancia entre el estudio preoperatorio y definitivo en cáncer de endometrio.

BACKGROUND: Some studies have been realized to know the concordance level between the preoperative and the diagnosis of endometrial cancer and it has been observed that there is a tendency to undergrade the stage of cancer in preoperative studies. METHODS: It was carried out an observational, retrolective, transversal and comparative study to establish the concordance between the preoperative and the definitive study in endometrial cancer. We revised the records of the Pathology department of the Hospital "Luis Castelazo Ayala" from January 1st, 2012, to December 31th, 2014. The concordance was calculated by using the Cohen's kappa coefficient and the force scale of concordance proposed by Byrt, and the test of comparison of two proportions. RESULTS: We observed a low concordance between the preoperative and the definitive study regarding the histologic variety (kappa = 0.258, p = 0.000) and the degree of differentiation (kappa = 0.220, p = 0.001). These differences were statistically significant for the moderate grade degree of differentiation (Z = -3.409, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There is a low level of concordance between the preoperative and the definitive study in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer.

Introducción: se han realizado diversos estudios para analizar el nivel de concordancia entre el estudio preoperatorio y el definitivo en cáncer de endometrio y se ha observado que se suele subgraduar el estadio del cáncer de endometrio en estudios preoperatorios. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, retrolectivo, transversal y comparativo para determinar la concordancia entre el diagnóstico preoperatorio y el estudio histopatológico definitivo en cáncer de endometrio. Se revisaron los registros del departamento de Patología del Hospital de Ginecoobstetricia No. 4 "Luis Castelazo Ayala", durante el periodo comprendido entre el 1 de enero de 2012 y el 31 de diciembre de 2014. Se calculó la concordancia por medio del coeficiente kappa de Cohen, la escala de fuerza de concordancia de Byrt y la prueba de comparación de proporciones. Resultados: se observó una concordancia baja entre el estudio preoperatorio y el definitivo para variedad histológica (kappa = 0.258, p = 0.000) y grado de diferenciación (kappa = 0.220, p = 0.001). Estas diferencias fueron estadísticamente significativas para el grado de diferenciación moderadamente diferenciado (Z = −3.409, p < 0.05). Conclusión: existe un nivel de concordancia bajo entre el estudio preoperatorio y el estudio histopatológico definitivo para el diagnóstico de cáncer de endometrio.

[Analysis of maternal deaths in Mexico occurred during 2009]. / Análisis de las muertes maternas en México ocurridas durante 2009.

BACKGROUND: Mexico reported 955 maternal deaths in 2011, with a ratio of 49 deaths per 100,000 live births. For 2015, the WHO commitment is to reduce the ratio to 22, equivalent to 415 maternal deaths. METHODS: it is a descriptive and retrospective study. In 1257 maternal deaths in 2009, we reviewed a sample of 173 records. Simple frequencies and percentages were calculated. RESULTS: direct causes of maternal death were preeclampsia-eclampsia, infection and obstetrical hemorrhage secondary to uterine atony, placental accreta and placenta previa. Fifteen patients died from abortion complications. Four patients died from extra-uterine pregnancy, because of delayed diagnosis and treatment. Indirect causes of maternal death were neoplasms, abdominal sepsis, vascular events, metabolic problems and heart disease; twenty-five patients died of atypical pneumonia and 11 more of influenza A H1N1. CONCLUSIONS: it is feasible to reduce maternal mortality by means of an adequate prenatal care, in quantity and quality of consultations, and avoiding high risk pregnancies caused by a history of obstetric factors and associated severe diseases. Influenza A H1N1 interrupted the downward trend in maternal mortality.

Introducción: en 2011 ocurrieron 955 defunciones maternas en México, 49.9 por 100 000 nacidos vivos. La meta de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para 2015 es reducir la tasa a 22.5: 560 defunciones anuales. Métodos: estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de 1257 muertes maternas ocurridas en México durante 2009, con una muestra representativa de 173 expedientes. Se calcularon frecuencias simples y porcentajes. Resultados: las muertes maternas ocurrieron por causas directas como preeclampsia-eclampsia, infección y hemorragia obstétrica secundaria a atonía uterina, acretismo placentario y placenta previa. Quince mujeres tuvieron complicaciones por abortos. Cuatro murieron por embarazo extrauterino debido a diagnóstico y tratamiento tardíos. Las causas indirectas de la muerte materna fueron neoplasias, sepsis abdominal, eventos vasculares, problemas metabólicos y cardiopatías. Veinticinco pacientes fallecieron por neumonía atípica y 11 por influenza A H1N1. Conclusiones: es factible disminuir la mortalidad materna mediante suficientes consultas prenatales de calidad y evitar embarazos con riesgo alto por los antecedentes obstétricos y los padecimientos asociados. La influenza A H1N1 interrumpió la tendencia descendente de la mortalidad materna.

Frequency and clinical significance of a variety of autoantibodies in patients with definite infective endocarditis.

BACKGROUND: Patients with infective endocarditis (IE) may present rheumatic manifestations concurrent with autoantibodies with low specificity, thus increasing misdiagnosis. Frequency of autoantibodies with high specificity remains unknown. METHODS: Nineteen patients with definite IE were studied for low specificity (rheumatoid factor [RF], antinuclear antibodies, anti-Ro/SSA, anti-La/SSB, anti-ribonucleoproteins (anti-RNP) anticardiolipin [aCL], and anti-ß2 glycoprotein 1) and high specificity (anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides [anti-CCPs], anti-double-stranded DNA, anti-Sm, anti-Scl70, and anticentromere) antibodies. RESULTS: Frequency of RF was 68%; antinuclear antibodies, 47%; aCL/IgG, 58%; aCL/IgM, 47%; anti-ß2 glycoprotein 1/IgG, 5%; and anti-Ro/SSA, 5%. Three patients had antiphospholipid syndrome-related antibodies in high titers, one of them also having pulmonary embolism. Except for anti-CCP (1 patient), other highly specific antibodies were absent.Rheumatoid factor of 100 UI/mL or greater and multifocal endocarditis were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should need to be aware about the common presence of a variety of antibodies with low specificity but also the exceptional occurrence of anti-CCP antibodies in IE. Special attention to multifocal endocarditis and high RF is also suggested.

[Analysis of dengue fever deaths in Mexico: 2009]. / Defunciones por dengue en México. Análisis del año 2009.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the dengue fever mortality. METHODS: a descriptive and retrospective study including 104 files reported deaths caused by dengue fever during 2009 to march 2010, was done. RESULTS: sixty (58 %) were women and 44 (42 %) men. An increased mortality between the ages of 11 and 40 years old (47 %) was observed. Colima was a state with high incidence of cases and Jalisco had the highest mortality. Thrombocytopenia was the rule (90.4 %) and in one third of the cases platelets were below 50,000/mm(3). A quarter of cases were associated with comorbility. The initial clinical manifestations included: bleeding, hypovolemia by depletion or hemorrhage, tachycardia, paleness, depressed level of consciousness and circulatory failure. The main cause of death was hypovolemic shock or sepsis. In 42 cases, severe dengue was considered. CONCLUSIONS: an association between the severity of dengue fever and mortality was observed. The main cause of mortality was a shock state.

[The dengue fever in Mexico. Knowledge for improving the quality in health]. / El dengue en México. Conocer para mejorar la calidad de la atención.

Dengue is a systemic infectious disease of viral etiology, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. It causes between 50 and 100 million cases annually over 100 countries. In most of the cases it presents as influenza-like illness or undifferentiated fever and more than 500,000 patients develop dengue hemorrhagic fever. In America, dengue fever is considered the most important resurgent disease and its hemorrhagic form is becoming more relevant, especially given the steady increase in the number of deaths. The first outbreaks of dengue in America were described in 1635. Since the apparition of dengue hemorrhagic fever, in 1962, it has been considered a public health problem because half of the population lives in endemic areas. The purpose of this paper is to carry a briefly review of the epidemiology, clinical features, pathophysiology, prevention and treatment of dengue fever, as well as create recommendations in order to improve the quality of care and decrease mortality in these patients.