Evaluation of drug interaction of glimepiride with phosphodiesterase inhibitors type V in diabetic nephropathy.

The present study investigate the drug interaction of Glimepiride (GLIM) with Sildenafil Citrate (SIL) in Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) rats. Diabetes was induced in rats by administering Streptozotacin i. e. STZ (60 mg/kg). In present investigation GLIM (0.5 mg/kg, P.O.) and SIL (2.5 mg/kg, P.O.) were given for 6 weeks after the confirmation of DN. Pharmacodynamic and kinetic parameters were estimated after 1(st) dose and at the end of 6(th) week of drug administration. There was significant (p<0.001) increase in the bioavailability of GLIM in the presence of SIL in DN after the 1(st) dose of administration of the drug as compared to GLIM treated rat, whereas at the end of 6(th) week of drug administration, there were significant (p<0.0001) decrease in the bioavailability of GLIM+SIL treated DN rats compared to GLIM treated rats. There was significant (P<0.01) reduction of blood glucose level in GLIM+SIL treated group as compare to only GLIM treated group on 1(st) dose of drug administration but after continuous treatment for next 6 weeks, GLIM treated group showed significant hypoglycemia which was found to be reduced in GLIM+SIL treated group significantly. The present study concluded that GLIM+SIL treatment reduces the hypoglycemic condition which was there for GLIM treated DN rat.

Development of health supplement probiotic in relation to physical strength and biological activity in experimental animal.

A probiotic nutritive health supplement having a healthy nutritive value was formulated to enhance body function. A 90 days study proved the formulated health supplement to improve the body weight with a maintained normal level of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood which is needful for the proper cardiac function. The supplement also maintained the blood parameters to avoid any illness in the body. In the present study, the health supplement was able to maintain the Haemoglobin level, RBC Count, WBC Count, Platelet Count in Sprague Dawley rats. It is also found that the supplement maintained the cardiac rhythm in the stressful condition and increased in the time of swimming in the force swimming test which indicates an increase in the physical strength.

Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for sildenafil citrate in rat plasma-application to pharmacokinetic studies.

Sildenafil citrate (SIL) is used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and other chronic disorders. For the pharmacokinetic investigation of SIL we developed a simple and sensitive method for the estimation of SIL in rat plasma by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The drug samples were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction with 300 µl of acetonitrile and 5 ml of diethyl ether. Chromatographic separation was achieved on C18 column using methanol:water (85:15 v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 ml/min and UV detection at 230 nm. The retention time of SIL was found to be 4.0 min having a separation time less than 5 min. The developed method was validated for accuracy, precision, linearity and recovery. Linearity studies were found to be acceptable over the range of 0.1-6 µg/ml. The method was successfully applied for the analysis of rat plasma sample for the application in pharmacokinetic study, drug interaction, bioavailability and bioequivalence.

Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of glimepiride and sildenafil citrate in rat plasma-application to pharmacokinetic studies.

A simple and sensitive method was developed for simultaneous estimation of Glimepiride (GLIM) and Sildenafil citrate (SIL) in rat Plasma by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The drug samples were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction with 300 µl of acetonitrile and 5 ml of diethyl ether. Chromatographic separation was achieved on C18 column using methanol: water (85:15 v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 ml/min and UV detection at 230 nm. The retention time of GLIM and SIL was found to be 2.5 and 4.0 min respectively with total run time of 7 min. The developed method was validated for accuracy, precision, linearity and recovery. The method was linear and found to be acceptable over the range of 100-12 000 ng/ml. The method was successfully applied for the analysis of rat plasma sample for application to pharmacokinetic.

Comparative Study of Hypolipidemic Profile of Resinoids of Commiphora mukul/Commiphora wightii from Different Geographical Locations.

The antihyperlipidemic activity of resinoids of guggul (Commiphora mukul/Commiphora wightii), belonging to family Burseraceae (Genus: Commiphora), collected from different parts of India (Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan), was studied on cholesterol-rich high fat diet-induced model of hyperlipidemia in rats. The resinoids of these exudates were prepared in ethyl acetate and ethyl alcohol. The physicochemical characterization of these resinoids was carried out to determine their appearance, %yield, %moisture, %ash, acid value (mg/KOH/g), saponification value (mg/KOH/g), ester value and iodine value (g/g). Antihyperlipidemic study was carried out on all resinoids in high fat diet induced model of hyperlipidemia in Wistar albino rats. The result demonstrated that the resinoids of exudates of Commiphora wightii and Commiphora mukul, collected from Gujarat and extracted in ethyl acetate, and the resinoids of exudates of Commiphora mukul, collected from Madhya Pradesh and extracted in ethyl acetate, possessed significantly higher antihyperlipidemic activity compared with other resinoids, which may be due to regional/geographical variations.

Mycotoxins - limits and regulations.

Since early years, a need has always been felt for some control on the quality of foodstuffs. With the discovery of aflatoxins in the early sixties, health authorities in man countries have become active in establishing regulations to protect their citizens and livestock fro t potential harm caused by mycotoxins. FDA mycotox-ins-in-foods sampling program is continuing with an objective to remove those foods from interstate commerce that contain Aflatoxins "at levels judged to be of regulator significance" Aflatoxins, Fumonisin B1 and B2, Deoxynivalenol (DON) Ochratoxin A and Patulin occur in a number of food products. FDA workers were instructed to sample and analyze all products for different types of mycotoxins. All baby foods should always be analyzed for all type of mycotoxins. The limits of Aflatoxins B1,B2,! < G2, and M1 in foods and feed stuffs varies from (0-40) ppb for foods & 0-1000ppb for food); for Ochratoxin A(0-50 ppb in food and 0-1000ppb in feed); for Don (500-2000ppb in food & 5-10,000 ppb in feed); for Zearalenone (0-1000 ppb in food); for Patulin (0-50 ppb in foods), for Diacetoxyscirpenol (0-100 ppd in feed); for chetomin (0ppb I feed); for stachybotryotoxin (0ppb in feeds and for Fumonisins (0-1000 ppb in food 5000-50,000 ppb in feedstuffs).