RESUMEN
AA-amyloidosis is frequent in shelter cats, and chronic kidney disease is the foremost cause of death. The aims were to describe kidney laboratory and microscopic findings in shelter cats with AA-amyloidosis. Cats were included if kidney specimens were collected post-mortem and laboratory data were available within 6 months before death. Renal lesions were evaluated with optical and electron microscopy. Mass spectrometry was used to characterize amyloid. Nine domestic short-hair cats were included; 4 females and 5 males with a median age of 8 years (range = 2-13). All cats had blood analyses and urinalyses available. Serum creatinine concentrations were increased in 6 cats and symmetric dimethylarginine was increased in all of the cats. All of the cats had proteinuria. Eight of 9 cats had amyloid in the medulla, and 9 had amyloid in the cortex (glomeruli). All cats had amyloid in the interstitium. Six cats had concurrent interstitial nephritis and 1 had membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. All cats had extrarenal amyloid deposits. Amyloid was AA in each case. In conclusion, renal deposition of amyloid occurs in both cortex and medulla in shelter cats and is associated with azotemia and proteinuria. Renal involvement of systemic AA-amyloidosis should be considered in shelter cats with chronic kidney disease. The cat represents a natural model of renal AA-amyloidosis.
RESUMEN
ABSTRACT An environmental zoning proposal due to the demand to develop strategies to ensure biodiversity scenarios for the remaining mixed ombrophilous forests was carried out for the Irati National Forest, a legally protected area for sustainable use located in southern Brazil. To identify land use and cover, Ikonos PSM images dated from December 2004, based on the interpretation of visual character and vectorization of orbital data were used. Qualitative and quantitative classifications identified six types of land and cover use: native forest, forestry, capoeira grass, wetland, araucaria plantation, and anthropic. The native forest relative to the mixed ombrophilous forest was the prevailing type of land cover. The environmental zoning proposal defined seven zones of use, some that involved several potentially harmful activities to the biodiversity of the Irati National Forest. The environmental zone proposal, based on ecosystem conservation, outlined specific factors that enhanced ecosystem and community viability, supporting the design and evaluation of the management plan of the Irati National Forest.
RESUMEN
Analizar las características de la mortalidad materna ocurrida en el Distrito Capital durante los años 2008-2009, aplicando el modelo de las tres demoras. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal de las muertes maternas ocurridas durante el período enero 2008 - diciembre 2009. Se registraron 78 muertes maternas. La razón de mortalidad materna fue de 98,97 por cada 100 000 nacidos vivos para 2008 y 103,9 por cada 100 000 nacidos vivos para 2009. Predominaron las muertes de causa obstétrica directa (57,7 por ciento) representada por los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo (40 por ciento), hemorragias (31,1 por ciento) y sepsis (26,7 por ciento). La principal causa indirecta fue la sepsis (62,2 por ciento). La demora 3 fue identificada mayormente en las historias clínicas registradas (69,2 por ciento) seguida de la demora 1 (38,5 por ciento). Treinta pacientes ameritaron referencia a otros centros para la atención médica definitiva, la mayoría (80 por ciento) requirió una referencia y demoraron menos de seis horas en llegar al centro donde ocurrió la defunción (36,7 por ciento). Los principales motivos de referencia fueron no contar con atención obstétrica (33,3 por ciento) y no contar con terapia intensiva de adultos (26,6 por ciento). Un gran número de muertes fue catalogado como evitable (59 por ciento). La tasa de mortalidad materna es elevada, y resulta más alta que las cifras presentadas en Venezuela para el año 2007 (56,6 por ciento). Predomina la demora tres, por falta de personal médico especializado y necesidad de referencia a otro centro y en segundo lugar la demora 1 por identificación tardía de los síntomas
Analyze the characteristics of maternal mortality occurred in the Capital District for the 2008- 2009 years, applying the three delays model. Descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional study of maternal deaths during the period January 2008 - December 2009. 78 maternal deaths were recorded. The maternal mortality ratio was 98.97 for every 100 000 live births for 2008 and 103.9 per 100 000 live births for 2009. Predominated the deaths of direct obstetrical cause (57.7 percent) represented by the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (40 percent), hemorrhage (31.1 percent) and sepsis (26.7 percent). The main indirect cause was sepsis (62.2 percent). 3 Delay was identified mostly in the recorded histories (69.2 percent) followed by delay 1 (38.5 percent). Thirty patients deserved reference to other definitive medical care centers, the majority (80 percent) required a reference and took less than six hours to get to the Center where the death occurred (36.7 percent). The main reasons of reference were not having obstetric care (33.3 percent) and not count on intensive care for adults (26.6 percent). A large number of deaths were listed as avoidable (59 percent). The rate and maternal mortality is high, and is higher than the figures reported for the year 2007 (56.6 percent) in Venezuela. Predominant delay three, due to lack of specialized medical staff and need to refer to another center and secondly delay 1 by late identification of the symptoms
