Primary central nervous system lymphoma masquerading as bilateral vitreous floaters.

A 72-year-old female presented with a 6-month history of bilateral floaters and visual blurring. Clinically, the posterior vitreous was cellular bilaterally, with no signs of subretinal infiltrates, retinal vasculitis, disc oedema or macula oedema. A vitreous biopsy and vitrectomy were scheduled following left cataract surgery because of the presence of a dense cataract. One month after cataract surgery, the patient developed signs of florid left arteritis involving the first-order branches of the central retinal artery. A 23-gauge vitreous biopsy and vitrectomy were performed, and preservative-free triamcinolone was injected. Cytology of the biopsy demonstrated benign T-lymphocytes and histiocytes suggestive of mild chronic inflammation only. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was normal as was lumbar puncture. Subsequently, the patient developed right upper motor neuron facial nerve palsy. MRI imaging on this occasion demonstrated multiple hyper-intense white matter lesions. A third MRI was subsequently obtained due to new neurological deficits and demonstrated enlargement of the pre-existing lesions. Brain biopsy confirmed the presence of primary cerebral lymphoma. The present case highlights the role of various tissue biopsies, including vitreous, cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue, to establish an elusive diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma presenting as benign vitreous floaters.

Review of procedures for investigation of anaesthesia-associated anaphylaxis in Newcastle, Australia.

The procedures, results and outcomes of investigation of 50 patients with clinical episodes of anaesthesia-associated anaphylaxis were retrospectively reviewed. Assessment was performed by measurement of serum tryptase and specific IgE and a combination of skin prick and intradermal skin testing. Testing was performed both for agents received during the anaesthetic and for agents the patient may encounter in future procedures. Twenty of 50 patients underwent a subsequent procedure after assessment. Sensitisation to neuromuscular blocking agents was identified in 18 patients (36%). Sensitisation to propofol (14 patients; 28%) and latex (four patients; 8%) was also frequently identified. No precise cause was identified in 11 cases (22%). Reactivity to more than one agent was identified in 14 patients (28%). Serum tryptase was measured within six hours of the episode in only 28 of the 50 cases. All the patients with elevated serum tryptase had clinically severe reactions. One patient initially found to be sensitised to propofol had another reaction during a second procedure, prompting further assessment where chlorhexidine reactivity was identified. Subsequent surgery in that patient and in 19 other patients where agents implicated in the testing were avoided, proceeded without incident. The results reaffirm that neuromuscular blocking agents are the most common cause of anaphylaxis during anaesthesia. The importance of serum tryptase measurement at the time of the acute episode needs to be emphasised. Investigation should include screening for chlorhexidine and latex in all patients, as exposure to both these agents is common and may be overlooked.