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AIMS: To explore the psychosocial experiences during dietary management among Chinese adults with inflammatory bowel disease. DESIGN: Qualitative phenomenological design. METHODS: Eighteen adults diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease for more than 6 months were recruited using purposive sampling from June to December 2023. Two trained researchers used van Manen's approach to analyse the data. RESULTS: The three themes with multiple subthemes emerged: facing the unknown: at a loss and aggrieved, trying to cope: uncertain and distressed, and growing in adaptation: relieved and transcendent. The first theme included unknown relapses, overlooking diet management and the absence of dietary rules. The second theme showed different coping situations, like complex dietary information and ever-closing worlds. The third theme explores how participants adapted to disease and their eating patterns. CONCLUSION: The psychosocial experiences during dietary management are complex. The accumulation of diet-related experience, acceptance of illness and social support facilitate patients in overcoming negative emotions and adhering to dietary management. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND PATIENT CARE: Nurses should provide tailored dietary guidance and appropriate psychological interventions to promote healthy eating in patients. IMPACT: This study may enhance healthcare professionals' understanding, particularly those in China, of the diet-related experiences among patients. REPORTING METHOD: The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Participants contributed by sharing their first hand experiences.
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This review identified clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and consensus statements (CSs) that include recommendations on long-term care for community-dwelling older adults. Additionally, it assessed their quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) tool to determine high-quality guidelines and synthesis recommendations from high-quality guidelines and evaluate the quality of these guidelines using the AGREE-Recommendation Excellence (AGREE-REX) tool. A systematic search was performed (November 2023) in MEDLINE, PubMed, Guidelines International Network (GIN), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), New Zealand Guidelines Group (NZGG), Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO), National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC), and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Two reviewers independently selected and assessed the articles using AGREE II. A meeting was held to appraise the quality of the guidelines (AGREE II mean score >70 %) using AGREE-REX. The analysis included 14 CPGs and 2 CSs. Of these, 7 CPGs reached the standard of >70 %, the 'Scope and purpose' domain obtained the highest score with 85.43 (± 17.87), and the 'Applicability' domain scored lowest with 46.93 (± 26.74). Regarding the score of AGREE-REX, the seven CPGs were considered as 'moderate', with the 'Clinical Applicability' domain having the highest score of 61.29 % (±10.80) and the 'Values and Preferences' domain having the lowest score of 38.14 % (±9.26). Four themes were synthesised from the seven high-quality CPGs: planning and delivering person-centred home care, cognitive impairment, and screening for impaired vision and falls. The quality of CPGs and CSs on long-term care for community-dwelling older adults has room for improvement, and higher-quality guidelines are required to meet the long-term care needs of community-dwelling older adults.
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Actuators play a crucial role in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and hold substantial potential for applications in various domains, including reconfigurable metamaterials. This research aims to design, fabricate, and characterize structures for the actuation of the EMA. The electromagnetic actuator overcomes the lack of high drive voltage required by other actuators. The proposed actuator configuration comprises supporting cantilever beams with fixed ends, an integrated coil positioned above the cantilever's movable plate, and a permanent magnet located beneath the cantilever's movable plate to generate a static magnetic field. Utilizing flexible polyimide, the fabrication process of the EMA is simplified, overcoming limitations associated with silicon-based micromachining techniques. Furthermore, this approach potentially enables large-scale production of EMA, with displacement reaching up to 250 µm under a 100 mA current, thereby expanding their scope of applications in manufacturing. To demonstrate the function of the EMA, we integrated it with a metamaterial structure to form a compact, tunable terahertz absorber, demonstrating a potential for reconfigurable electromagnetic space.
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WiFi energy harvesting is a promising solution for powering microsensors and microsystems through collecting electromagnetic (EM) energies that exist everywhere in modern daily lives. In order to harvest EM energy, we proposed a metamaterial-inspired antenna (MIA) based on the resonant magnetic dipole operating in the WiFi bands. The MIA consists of two metallic split-ring resonators (SRRs), separated by an FR4 dielectric layer, in the broadside coupled configuration. The incident EM waves excite surface currents in the coupled SRRs, and the energy is oscillating between them due to near-field coupling. By varying the vertical distance of the two SRRs, we may achieve impedance matching without complicated matching networks. Collected EM energy can be converted to DC voltages via a rectifier circuit at the output of the coupling coil. Measured results demonstrate that the designed MIA may resonate at 2.4 GHz with a deep-subwavelength form factor (14 mm×14 mm×1.6 mm). The WiFi energy-harvesting capability of the proposed MIA with an embedded one-stage Dickson voltage multiplier has also been evaluated. A rectified DC voltage is approximately 500 mV when the MIA is placed at a distance of 2 cm from the WiFi transmit antenna with a 9 dBm transmitting power. The proposed compact MIA in this paper is of great importance for powering future distributed microsystems.
