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This study aimed to describe the dietary intake of ultra-processed foods (UPF) by children and adolescents with food allergy (FA) and to verify a possible association between the UPF intake with clinical characteristics and nutritional status in this group. This cross-sectional study included 110 children and adolescents with single or multiple FA IgE and non-IgE mediated. We evaluated food intake using the NOVA classification through the three 24-h recalls. The average contribution of UPF to total energy intake (calories) ranges from 21% in the first quartile to 43% in the last quartile (mean UPF intake 33.9 ± 14.9%). After binary logistic regression, an association was verified between dietary intake of UPF (>4th quartile) as a percentage of total energy intake and having multiple food allergies (OR 4.102; 95% CI - 1.331 to 12.643; p = .014). We concluded that children and adolescents with FA consumed a higher amount of UPF.
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Ingestión de Energía , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos , Alimentos Procesados , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Dieta , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Estado NutricionalRESUMEN
Our objective was to describe the serum vitamin D concentrations of children and adolescents with food allergy (FA) and to verify the association between the number of food allergens involved, length of sun exposure, and nutritional status. Through a cross-sectional study, 79 patients with FA, from ages 2 to 15 years, were assessed and followed up in a reference outpatient clinic, in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Clinical and biochemical data were collected for analysis of 25(OH)D, calcium, phosphorus, phosphatase, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). The cut-off point used for vitamin D deficiency was 25(OH)D ≤ 20 ng/mL. Vitamin D deficiency was detected in 45.6% of patients with a median age of 6.9 years (Interquartile range [IQR] 4.7; 10.2). The median serum 25(OH)D concentration was 21.1 ng/mL (IQR 17.8; 26.0). Multivariate linear regression was performed considering serum vitamin D level as a dependent variable. Allergy to multiple foods (inverse) and length of sun exposure (direct), but not nutritional status, were independently associated with serum 25(OH)D levels (P = 0.034 and P = 0.014, respectively). Patients with cow's milk allergy also showed lower vitamin D concentrations in comparison with other FA (19.1 ng/mL [IQR 16.6; 24.4] vs 22.2 ng/mL [IQR 18.1; 27.1] [P = 0.056]). Vitamin D deficiency affected about half of individuals with FA. Multiple food allergy was associated with lower vitamin D concentrations, reinforcing the importance of monitoring vitamin D status in patients with FA.
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Hipersensibilidad a la Leche , Deficiencia de Vitamina D , Bovinos , Femenino , Animales , Alérgenos , Luz Solar , Estudios Transversales , Brasil/epidemiología , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/epidemiología , Vitamina D , VitaminasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Children with cow's milk allergy may be at nutritional risk due to the lower intake of nutrients, such as protein, calcium, and vitamin A, which are present in cow's milk. The objective was to evaluate children's diets with Children with cow's milk allergy compared with healthy controls as well as to compare the intake of proteins and amino acids from the diet followed by Children with cow's milk allergy who consume special infant formula or plant-based dairy alternatives with Children with cow's milk allergy who do not consume special infant formula or plant-based dairy alternatives. METHODS: Through a cross-sectional controlled study, the dietary intake of 57 children (27 with immunoglobulin E-mediated Children with cow's milk allergy and 30 healthy controls) was evaluated. Using 24-h nutritional recalls, the total energy intake value, macronutrients, and amino acids were calculated. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found between the Children with cow's milk allergy group and healthy controls for the intake of proteins and amino acids. However, the Children with cow's milk allergy do not consume special infant formula or plant-based dairy alternatives group had a lower protein (g/kg) and branched-chain amino acid (mg/kg) intake than the Children with cow's milk allergy consume special infant formula or plant-based dairy alternatives group. CONCLUSIONS: The Children with cow's milk allergy group achieved the recommendations for the intake of proteins and amino acids compared to the healthy control group. However, the Children with cow's milk allergy do not consume special infant formula or plant-based dairy alternatives group had a lower intake of protein (g/kg) and branched-chain amino acid (mg/kg) than the Children with cow's milk allergy consume special infant formula or plant-based dairy alternatives group.
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Hipersensibilidad a la Leche , Aminoácidos , Aminoácidos de Cadena Ramificada , Animales , Calcio , Bovinos , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E , Vitamina ARESUMEN
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Children with cow's milk allergy may be at nutritional risk due to the lower intake of nutrients, such as protein, calcium, and vitamin A, which are present in cow's milk. The objective was to evaluate children's diets with Children with cow's milk allergy compared with healthy controls as well as to compare the intake of proteins and amino acids from the diet followed by Children with cow's milk allergy who consume special infant formula or plant-based dairy alternatives with Children with cow's milk allergy who do not consume special infant formula or plant-based dairy alternatives. METHODS: Through a cross-sectional controlled study, the dietary intake of 57 children (27 with immunoglobulin E-mediated Children with cow's milk allergy and 30 healthy controls) was evaluated. Using 24-h nutritional recalls, the total energy intake value, macronutrients, and amino acids were calculated. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found between the Children with cow's milk allergy group and healthy controls for the intake of proteins and amino acids. However, the Children with cow's milk allergy do not consume special infant formula or plant-based dairy alternatives group had a lower protein (g/kg) and branched-chain amino acid (mg/kg) intake than the Children with cow's milk allergy consume special infant formula or plant-based dairy alternatives group. CONCLUSIONS: The Children with cow's milk allergy group achieved the recommendations for the intake of proteins and amino acids compared to the healthy control group. However, the Children with cow's milk allergy do not consume special infant formula or plant-based dairy alternatives group had a lower intake of protein (g/kg) and branched-chain amino acid (mg/kg) than the Children with cow's milk allergy consume special infant formula or plant-based dairy alternatives group.
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Abstract Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of health-related quality-of-life questionnaires of children with food allergy and their parents. Methods: The translation and cultural adaptation processes were previously performed, according to the method proposed by the World Health Organization. After this stage, the questionnaires were applied to 201 parents of children under 6 years of age with food allergy. The assessment of the psychometric properties included: evaluation of the internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha coefficient; of the reproducibility by the intraclass correlation coefficient between test and retest; and of the construct, using Spearman's correlation coefficient, comparing the obtained scores with those of generic questionnaires that evaluate health-related quality of life. Results: The means of the obtained scores were 2.44 and 3.35, for the children and their parents, respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.85 and 0.91, respectively, which showed good internal consistency of the tools. The intraclass correlation coefficients between test and retest were 0.87 and 0.84 for children and their parents, respectively, showing good reproducibility for both questionnaires. The correlation between the specific and the generic questionnaires was significant (−0.27 for the children, −0.64 for their parents, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The specific questionnaires to evaluate the health-related quality of life of children with food allergy and of their parents were satisfactorily validated to be used in Brazil.
Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira dos questionários de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de crianças com alergia alimentar e de seus pais. Método: Os processos de tradução e adaptação cultural foram feitos previamente, de acordo com o método proposto pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Após essa etapa, os questionários foram aplicados a 201 pais de crianças menores de 6 anos com alergia alimentar. A avaliação das propriedades psicométricas incluiu: avaliação da consistência interna, pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach; da reprodutibilidade, pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse entre teste e reteste; e do constructo, empregou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, comparando os escores obtidos com os de questionários genéricos que avaliam a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde. Resultados: As médias dos escores obtidos foram 2,44 e 3,35, para as crianças e seus pais, respectivamente. Os coeficientes alfa de Cronbach foram 0,85 e 0,91, respectivamente, o que demonstrou boa consistência interna dos instrumentos. Os coeficientes de correlação intraclasse entre os testes e os retestes foram 0,87 e 0,84, para crianças e seus pais, respectivamente, demonstraram boa reprodutibilidade para ambos os questionários. A correlação entre os questionários específicos e genéricos foi significante (−0,27 para as crianças; −0,64 para os pais; p < 0,05). Conclusões: Os questionários específicos para avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de crianças com alergia alimentar e de seus pais foram satisfatoriamente validados para uso no Brasil.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Preescolar , Niño , Calidad de Vida , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/diagnóstico , Padres , Psicometría , Brasil , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Objetivo: Cerca de 50% dos indivíduos com alergia ao leite de vaca e ao ovo podem tolerar esses alimentos em sua forma termicamente tratada. O consumo desses alimentos, mesmo que termicamente tratados, pode ampliar a variedade da dieta de crianças com alergia alimentar. O presente artigo tem como objetivo propor receitas culinárias com leite de vaca e ovo tratados termicamente para serem usadas em teste de provocação oral. Métodos: Alguns critérios foram adotados para elaboração das receitas: quantidade de proteína alergênica testada por porção (leite de vaca - 1,3 g; ovo - 2,0 g), tempo (30 minutos), temperatura de cocção (180 °C), os ingredientes que devem compor a receita (farinha de trigo como principal ingrediente), volume final da porção a ser oferecida, além de questões de ordem prática relacionadas ao preparo e oferta das preparações. Resultados: No total foram desenvolvidas dez receitas termicamente tratadas, sendo cinco com leite de vaca (três receitas de bolinho básica, sem açúcar e sem ovo de galinha; duas receitas de tortinha salgada básica e sem ovo de galinha) e cinco com ovo de galinha (três receitas de bolinho básica, sem açúcar, e sem leite de vaca; duas receitas de tortinha salgada básica e sem leite de vaca). Conclusão: É de extrema importância que o teste de provocação oral seja realizado de maneira rotineira e com preparações adequadas e padronizadas, e, em nosso conhecimento, esse é o primeiro estudo nacional que propõe várias receitas tratadas termicamente para auxiliar serviços especializados que atendem pacientes com alergia alimentar.
Objective: About 50% of individuals with cow's milk and egg allergies can tolerate these foods in their baked form. The consumption of these foods, even if baked, may expand the variety of the diet of children with food allergy. This article aims to propose recipes with baked milk and egg to be used in an oral food challenge. Methods: Some criteria were adopted for preparing the recipes: amount of allergenic protein tested per serving (cow's milk: 1.3 g; egg: 2.0 g), time (30 min), oven temperature (180 °C), the ingredients that should compose the recipe (wheat flour as the main ingredient), final volume of the serving to be provided, in addition to practical questions related to the preparation and provision of the recipes. Results: In total, ten baked recipes were developed, five with cow's milk (three cupcake recipes: regular, with no sugar and no egg; two savory muffin recipes: regular, with no egg) and five with egg (three cupcake recipes: regular, with no sugar and no cow's milk; two savory muffin recipes: regular, with no cow's milk). Conclusion: It is extremely important that the oral food challenge is performed routinely and with adequate and standardized recipes. To our knowledge, this is the first national study in Brazil that proposes several baked recipes to assist specialist services that treat patients with food allergy.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E , Hipersensibilidad a la Leche , Hipersensibilidad al Huevo , Dieta , Pacientes , Técnicas y Procedimientos Diagnósticos , Harina , Alimentos , Hipersensibilidad a los AlimentosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of health-related quality-of-life questionnaires of children with food allergy and their parents. METHODS: The translation and cultural adaptation processes were previously performed, according to the method proposed by the World Health Organization. After this stage, the questionnaires were applied to 201 parents of children under 6 years of age with food allergy. The assessment of the psychometric properties included: evaluation of the internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha coefficient; of the reproducibility by the intraclass correlation coefficient between test and retest; and of the construct, using Spearman's correlation coefficient, comparing the obtained scores with those of generic questionnaires that evaluate health-related quality of life. RESULTS: The means of the obtained scores were 2.44 and 3.35, for the children and their parents, respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.85 and 0.91, respectively, which showed good internal consistency of the tools. The intraclass correlation coefficients between test and retest were 0.87 and 0.84 for children and their parents, respectively, showing good reproducibility for both questionnaires. The correlation between the specific and the generic questionnaires was significant (-0.27 for the children, -0.64 for their parents, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The specific questionnaires to evaluate the health-related quality of life of children with food allergy and of their parents were satisfactorily validated to be used in Brazil.
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Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos , Calidad de Vida , Brasil , Niño , Preescolar , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/diagnóstico , Humanos , Padres , Psicometría , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Introdução: A avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) é importante tanto do ponto de vista científico, quanto clínico. Instrumentos específicos para avaliar a QVRS de crianças com alergia alimentar e de seus familiares foram desenvolvidos, mas até o momento nenhum deles foi adaptado para ser usado com a população brasileira. O objetivo do presente estudo foi traduzir e fazer a adaptação transcultural de dois questionários, um que avalia a QVRS de crianças com alergia alimentar, e outro de seus pais. Métodos: Foram seguidas as orientações da Organização Mundial da Saúde para tradução e adaptação de instrumentos. O processo incluiu as etapas de tradução, retrotradução, pré-testes e entrevistas cognitivas. Resultados: Participaram do estudo oito pais de crianças com alergia alimentar. Seus comentários e sugestões foram registrados e acatados. As escalas de respostas dos questionários foram padronizadas em relação ao seu conteúdo e apresentação gráfica para facilitar o preenchimento quando ambos os questionários fossem empregados em uma mesma pesquisa. Conclusões: Os questionários foram satisfatoriamente traduzidos para o português do Brasil e culturalmente adaptados, ficando prontos para o processo de avaliação de suas propriedades psicométricas, etapa necessária para a validação dos instrumentos.
Introduction: The assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQL) is important from both scientific and clinical points of view. Specific instruments to evaluate HRQL of children with food allergy and their family members were developed, but so far none of these tools has been adapted for use in the Brazilian population. The objective of the present study was to translate and culturally adapt two questionnaires, one that evaluates HRQL of children with food allergy and another for their parents. Methods: World Health Organization guidelines for translation and adaptation of instruments were followed. The process included stages of translation, back-translation, pre-tests and cognitive interviews. Results: Eight parents of children with food allergy participated in the study. Their comments and suggestions were recorded and accepted. The content and graphical presentation of the questionnaire response scales were standardized to facilitate understanding when both questionnaires were used in the same survey. Conclusions: The questionnaires were satisfactorily translated into Brazilian Portuguese and culturally adapted, thus are ready for the process of evaluation of psychometric properties, a required step for validation of instruments.
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Humanos , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Padres , Calidad de Vida , Traducción , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos , Investigación , Organización Mundial de la Salud , FamiliaRESUMEN
Objetivo: Relatar a evolução clínica de um escolar com alergia ao leite de vaca (ALV) que fez uso de leite de vaca processado em altas temperaturas (LVPAT). Descrição: H.B.M., sexo masculino, 7 anos, com ALV IgE mediada diagnosticada com 1 ano e 3 meses. Aos 2 anos foi submetido a teste de provocação oral (TPO) aberto para leite de vaca (LV) in natura, evoluindo com urticária, congestão nasal e vômito após a primeira dose (1 mL). Mãe relatou alguns episódios de exposição acidental ao LV acompanhados de sintomas. As Imunoglobulinas E para LV e frações mantiveram-se elevadas (IgE leite total: 4,69 KU/L) até os 6 anos, quando a criança realizou TPO com LVPAT, sob a forma de bolo, evoluindo sem intercorrências. Passou a consumir diariamente uma porção do bolo contendo leite processado durante 6 meses. Aos 7 anos e com IgEs específicas mais baixas (IgE específica leite total: 2,2 KU/L), realizou TPO com LV in natura sem sintomas, sendo liberado na dieta. Comentários: O uso do leite de vaca processado em altas temperaturas em pacientes com ALV IgE mediada é uma estratégia promissora com impacto na tolerância futura ao alimento, tendo resultados favoráveis com ênfase na qualidade de vida e inclusão social. No entanto, vale ressaltar a importância da avaliação individualizada dos pacientes e a segurança da equipe na aplicação desses protocolos, além de levar em consideração que a alergia pode ser transitória, mesmo sem o uso do leite processado.
Objective: To report the clinical evolution of a school-age boy with cow's milk allergy CMA) who made use of cow's milk processed at high temperatures (CMPHT). Description: H.B.M., male, 7 years old, was diagnosed with IgE-mediated CMA at 1 year and 3 months of age. At 2 years of age, the patient underwent an open oral food challenge for raw cow's milk (CM) and developed urticaria, nasal congestion and vomiting after the first dose (1 mL). The mother reported some episodes of accidental exposure to CM, accompanied by symptoms. Specific IgEs against CM and its fractions remained elevated (total cow's milk: 4.69 KU/L) until 6 years of age, when the patient underwent a new oral food challenge for CMPHT, in the form of a cake, without symptoms. He then began to consume a portion of cake containing baked milk daily, for 6 months. At the age of 7 and with lower levels of specific IgEs (total cow's milk: 2.2 KU/L), he underwent another oral food challenge for raw CM, without symptoms. An unrestricted diet was then authorized. Comments: The use of cow's milk processed at high temperatures in patients with IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy is a promising strategy, with impact on future food tolerance, favorable results, with emphasis on quality of life and social inclusion. However, an individualized assessment of each patient is extremely important, as is the confidence of the team while applying these protocols. It should be taken into consideration that the allergy may be transient even without the use of processed milk.
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Humanos , Masculino , Niño , Hipersensibilidad a la Leche , Leche , Calidad de Vida , Signos y Síntomas , Urticaria , Vómitos , Inmunoglobulina E , Evolución Clínica , Estrategias de Salud , Dieta , Alimentos , CalorRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Revisar os principais protocolos de padronização para o teste de provocação oral aberto aplicado a crianças com suspeita de alergia ao leite de vaca mediada por imunoglobulina E. FONTES DE DADOS: Foram selecionados artigos publicados, nos últimos dez anos, nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs e SciELO, utilizando-se os descritores de assunto: "hipersensibilidade alimentar", "leite de vaca", "alergia ao leite de vaca", "teste de provocação oral", "crianças" e "diagnóstico". SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: O teste de provocação oral é o método mais fidedigno para estabelecer ou excluir o diagnóstico de alergia alimentar e sua forma aberta pode ser a primeira opção, quando apenas reações objetivas são esperadas. O local para realizar o teste deve possuir todos os recursos para tratamento de emergência. Como preparo, o paciente deve seguir dieta de exclusão do alimento suspeito e descontinuar o uso de medicamentos que possam interferir no resultado do teste. Habitualmente, utilizam-se 8 a 10g de leite em pó ou 100mL de leite fluido, oferecidos em volumes progressivos, a intervalos de dez a 60 minutos. Apesar da rigidez do método, ainda existem situações em que há dificuldade de interpretação dos resultados; por isso, médicos bem treinados devem aplicar o teste, sendo cautelosos ao julgarem as reações. CONCLUSÕES: Mesmo considerando as limitações que dificultam a aplicação do teste de provocação oral na prática clínica, a implementação do teste nos serviços de saúde poderia reduzir diagnósticos falsos-positivos de alergias.
OBJECTIVE: To review the main standardization protocols of the open oral food challenge applied to children with suspicion of cow's milk allergy mediated by immunoglobulin E. DATA SOURCE: Medline, Lilacs and SciELO databases were searched for articles published in the last ten years using the following descriptors: "food hypersensitivity", "cow's milk", "cow's milk allergy", "oral food challenge", "children" and "diagnosis". DATA SYNTHESIS: The oral food challenge test is the most reliable method to establish or exclude the diagnosis of food allergy and the open challenge can be the first option when only objective reactions are expected. All medications and equipment needed for emergency treatment should be available. Before being submitted to the test, the patient must follow a diet excluding the suspected food and discontinue the use of medications that may interfere with the results of the test. Usually, it is performed using 8-10g of powdered milk or 100mL of fluid milk, offered in progressive volumes at intervals of ten to 60 minutes. Despite the rigour of the method, there are still situations difficult to interpret. Therefore, well-trained doctors must administer the test, being cautious about their clinical judgment. CONCLUSIONS: Although there are some restrictions in the application of the oral food challenge test with cow's milk in the clinical practice, its implementation in health services could reduce false positive diagnoses of allergies.