[Epidemiological and hygiene assessment of the health status of population in the area of the construction site of low-head water power development].

Hydrotechnical facilities have significant environmental and health imyacts. Results of a hygienic assessment of the condition of environmental objects in the area of the yrojected Nizhny Novgorod low-head water ylant develoyment showed that the both air and water pollution level in decentralized water supply sources in Balakhna and Gorodets are lower than in the city of Nizhny Novgorod, and those of the water in the water supply network are higher than in the reference area. A cross-sectional study has revealed in the main grouf (Gorodets, Zavolzhye and Balakhna) the rate of morbidity of nervous system and cardiovascular diseases to be higher than in the reference group (Nizhny Novgorod), with cardiovascular diseases being the largest contributor to the overall grevalence rate in the groug under analysis; and digestive system diseases, in the reference group. The study has no revealed direct correlation between morbidity rate in children and adults and the studied factors. However, a direct relationship has been found between the prevalence rate of endocrine diseases in children and the quality of water in the water supply network in Balakhna District (p<0.007); also, there's a correlation between the morbidity rate of digestive diseases and air pollution and water quality in the water supply network (p<0.009). In the Gorodets District, the same situation has been revealed: the morbidity rate of endocrine diseases in children depends on quality of water from the water supply network (p<0.049); the prevalence rate of digestive diseases, on air pollution and water quality in the water supply network (p<0.048). In the same region in adults the prevalence rate of the nervous system diseases, digestive diseases and diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue depends on air pollution and pollution of water in the water supply network (p<0.011, p<0.01 and p<0.02, respectively).

[REAL AND UNREAL BACKLASHES OF AEROSPACE ACTIVITY FOR THE HEALTH OF POPULATION RESIDING NEAR AREAS OF FALL OF BEING SEPARATED PARTS OF CARRIER ROCKETS].

Since the late 1990s, the ongoing debate about the consequences of the rocket-space activities for the health of people residing near areas offall ofseparatingfrom parts of rockets. Some scientists (Kolyado IB et al., 2001, 2013; Shoikhet YN et al., 2005, 2008; Skrebtsova NV 2005, 2006, Sidorov PI et al., 2007) argue that the main cause of morbidity is the effect of unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine (UDMH). However, environmentalists find it only in areas offalling fragments of separated parts of carrier rockets. Presented in the article data were obtained as a result of perennial epidemiological and hygienic research. There was performed a hygienic assessment of the content of chemical substances in water soil andfood, nutritional status and health risk near areas of the district of falling 310 and 326. There were studied conditions of work and the health of military personnel at the sites of storage of propellant components. The relationship between revealed diseases and UDMH was not established, but there was their causality due to the influence of environmental factors characteristic of territories and living conditions. In the settlements near the area of falling district 310 the share of extremely anxious persons was shown to be 1.8 times higher than in controls, which is caused by cases of falling fragments stages of carrier rockets in the territory of settlements.

[Epidemiological analysis of the dynamics and structure of population mortality rate from malignant neoplasms in the city of Tomsk].

There was revealed the tendency of reduction of cancer mortality in the city of Tomsk. Average indices of the time series of total mortality (absolute growth and growth rate) in 1998-2003 outstripped the similar indices in 2004-2010 respectively 5.3 times and 1.6 times over. Mortality from cancer neoplasmas on localization decreased by 2 orders of magnitude. Mortality from cancer of the trachea, bronchus and lung in the structure of total oncomortality is on the 1st place, on the 2nd--the death rate from cancer of the stomach, on the 3rd place in 1998-2003, mortality rate of colorectal cancer in 2004-2010. There was found the relationship of mortality of cancer of separate localizations with industrial emissions (leukemia), motor vehicles (cancer of the lips, mouth, pharynx, and colon) and stationary sources (cancer of the urinary organs). The air pollution with formaldehyde and particulate matter were established to affect the death rate for cancer of lips, mouth and throat, and other digestive organs and larynx.

[Mathematical modeling for conditionality of cardiovascular disease by housing conditions].

There was studied the influence of living conditions (housing area per capita, availability of housing water supply, sewerage and central heating) on the morbidity of the cardiovascular diseases in child and adult population. With the method of regression analysis the morbidity rate was established to significantly decrease with the increase in the area of housing, constructed models are statistically significant, respectively, p = 0.01 and p = 0.02. There was revealed the relationship of the morbidity rate of cardiovascular diseases in children and adults with the supply with housing central heating (p = 0.02 and p = 0.009).

[Assessment of adaptive response on environmental risk factors: methodological aspects].

The response to adverse environmental factors, manifesting itself in the reduction of bodily reserves, deterioration of adaptive state and immune status is an integrated indicator used for measuring these adverse effects. A study of the dependence of autonomic balance on gender, age and environmental risks factors has revealed a pronounced sympathicotonia among 64.4-91.5% children and stress of regulatory system among 60.5% cases. The activity of sympathetic nervous system increases with age, especially among men. The severity of disorders depends on the level of emotional stress. The study has found a connection between the general non-specific adaptive response of tumors and cardiovascular diseases.

[Some issues concerning epidemiological and sanitary studies].

Epidemiological studies serve as a basis for evaluating the impact of risk factors on population health. The main goal of such research is to identify the relation between the morbidity rate and the environmental factors. The main task is to analyze and assess the patterns of disease emergence and spread in various social and age groups in the territories under study in different periods of time. The most labor-consuming stage of epidemiological researches is receiving basic data about a condition of environmental nd population health, especially in performing of longitudinal retrospective studies.

[The soil content of cesium-137 in the Republic of Altai due to nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk testing site].

Radioactive fall-outs from the atmospheric nuclear weapon tests carried out at the Semipalatinsk testing site have resulted in local soil pollution with 137Cs in the Republic of Altai. The subjects of the investigations were the main types of soils from North and Central Altai. In the Republic of Altai, the share of 137Cs in the upper (0-5 cm) soil layer has been established to be 54.6% in the Turochaksky district to 92.1% in the Ulagansky district. By taking into account the fact that the major activity of 137Cs has been accumulated in the 0.5-cm surface layer, its may be expected that there will be its rather separation with a fine-dispersed surface material In this connection, 137Cs can enter the organism with inhaled dust due to deflation during soil eolation. The inhalation of 137Cs by the dwellers of the areas that have been exposed to irradiation during nuclear weapon tests at the Semipalatinsk testing site continues to be also important today.

[Child's adaptation as an indicator of poor environmental influences].

The body's adjustment changes under the influence of environmental risk factors whose long-term exposure further results in the development of prenosological and morbid disorders. These processes occur most promptly in children. The influence of risk factors, including those caused by the productive activity of the Kotlas industrial CBK complex on a child's adaptation, was studied. The specific features revealed in the physical development, baseline autonomic tone, and psychophysiological adaptation of the first and tenth-form schoolchildren under study suggest that the mechanisms responsible for adjustment are strained under the influence of environmental risk factors and differ in nature, structure, and intensity in the exposure and comparison groups.

[Analyzing the population's health risks from the influence of environmental factors of various nature in vicinity of the Siberian chemical complex].

The paper provides the results of calculating the risks to human health in the cities of Seversk and Tomsk. The cancer risk from man-caused radiation is 2 orders of magnitude lower than that from air pollution with chemical carcinogens. Air contamination of classical chemical pollutants presents a major hazard to human health.

[The ATP content of the neutrophils and whole blood in the inhabitants of regions in the Altai Territory subjected to nuclear testing exposure]. / Soderzhanie ATF v neitrofilakh i tsel'noi krovi u zhitelei raionov Altaiskogo kraia, podvergshikhsia vozdeistviiu iadernykh ispytanii.

The bioluminescent method was used in the studies of the influence of ionizing irradiation and/or xenobiotics on the content of ATP in RBC and neutrophils of rats, and in whole blood and neutrophils of 80 examined women of Altai Region exposed to ionizing radiation during a series of nuclear tests in Semipalatinsk in 1949-1965. Deviations from the normal ATP content were measured with due to account of the natural variability of a given metabolite. For rats, deviations from the content of ATP in erythrocytes were short-term, those in neutrophils were long-term. For people, a statistically significant increase in the content of ATP in neutrophils as compared to the control was observed. A non-linear correlation between the content of ATP in neutrophils and the calculated dose of radiation was observed. An increase in the ATP content in whole blood, with regard to the control, was not statistically significant for all groups of examined persons.

[The late sequelae of radiation exposures on the neurological status of the body (clinico-experimental research)]. / Otdalennye posledstviia radiatsionnykh vosdeistvii na nevrologicheskii status organizma (kliniko-éksperimental'noe issledovanie).

It was found out in experiments on monkeys that one of the most serious remote consequences of small and medium doses of ionizing radiation was the development of stable organic disorders in various cerebral structures. Clinical researches substantiate the necessity to make registration of post-radiation pathological changes in central nerve system of patients.