Application and development of ultrasound in industrial crystallization.

Crystallization is an important process that affects the properties of final products and is essential in nearly all chemical processing industries. In recent years, ultrasonic technology has received widespread attention due to its ability to enhance crystallization yield, improve crystal morphology and shape, and regulate the particle size and distribution of crystal products. It holds promising prospects for industrial crystallization. In this work, the ultrasonic cavitation effect and ultrasonic crystallization mechanism are described, and the influence of ultrasound on the crystallization effect of products is analysed and discussed. In addition, the application status of ultrasonic reactors and ultrasonic crystallization processes is introduced in detail, and the change trend from laboratory to industrialization is analyzed. Finally, the challenges and opportunities facing the industrialization of ultrasonic crystallization in future developments are discussed. The purpose of this work is to make the selective promotion or inhibition of ultrasound more helpful for industrial crystallization.

Nucleoporin 93 Regulates Cancer Cell Growth and Stemness in Bladder Cancer via Wnt/ß-Catenin Signaling.

Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a prevalent cancer type with an unmet need for new therapeutic strategies. Nucleoporin 93 (Nup93) is implicated in the pathophysiology of several cancers, but its relationship with bladder cancer remains unclear. Nup93 expression was analyzed in TCGA datasets and 88 BLCA patient samples. Survival analysis and Cox regression models evaluated the association between Nup93 levels and patient prognosis. BLCA cells were used to investigate the effects of Nup93 overexpression or knockdown on cell growth, invasion, stemness (sphere formation and ALDH2 + cancer stem cell marker), and Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in vitro. The Wnt activator BML-284 was used to confirm the involvement of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. A xenograft mouse model validated the in vitro findings. Nup93 was highly expressed in BLCA tissues and cell lines, and high Nup93 expression correlated with poor prognosis in BLCA patients. Nup93 silencing inhibited BLCA cell proliferation, Wnt/ß-catenin activation, and cancer cell stemness. Conversely, Nup93 overexpression promoted these effects. BML-284 partially rescued the reduction in cell growth and stemness markers caused by Nup93 knockdown. Nup93 knockdown also suppressed the tumor formation of BLCA cells in vivo. Nup93 regulates BLCA cell growth and stemness via the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway, suggesting its potential as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in BLCA.

Effect and mechanism of ultrasound on acid loading in the preparation of silicon-based sulfonic solid acids.

Silicon-based sulfonic solid acids have the advantages of high catalytic activity and selectivity, easy separation from products, low equipment corrosion, and environmental protection, and sulfuric acid loading is the key to their preparation. To overcome the shortcomings of low acid loading and uneven distribution in the existing preparation methods of micron-sized silicon-based sulfonic solid acids, a method was proposed to prepare micron-sized silicon-based sulfonic solid acids using ultrasonic enhanced technology. The effect of different reaction parameters, such as time, power, and temperature of ultrasonication, sulfonation temperature and time, and sulfuric acid concentration, on acid loading in solid acid was investigated in this work. The results showed that a micron-sized mesoporous silica-based solid acid was successfully synthesized with a high acid content of 0.8633 mmol/g, uniform acid distribution, high specific surface area of 269.332 m2/g, and large average particle size of 172.142 µm in this work. The introduction of ultrasound was found to expand the carrier's pore volume and increase the carrier's specific surface area and the number of hydroxyl groups, thereby increasing the acid loading capacity and the specific surface area of the solid acid sample by 66.6 % and 10.97 % respectively, compared with the case without ultrasound.

Xanthogranulomatous cystitis imitating bladder neoplasm: a case report and review of literature.

Xanthogranulomatous cystitis is a rare, benign chronic inflammatory disorder with unclear etiology. Since its similar features to bladder neoplasm, it is extremely easy to be mistaken for malignant tumor. We herein reported a case of xanthogranulomatous cystitis in a 54-year-old male who presented with low abdominal pain and painless, total macrohematuria. Microscopy showed proliferation of large foam histiocytes which expressed CD68 and vimentin. Ki-67 showed a lower proliferation index (< 10%). Histopathology and immunohistochemical findings confirmed the diagnosis. This case highlighted the significance of recognizing this unusual lesion and differentiating it from its histological mimics by immunohistochemical staining.

[Expressions of integrinalpha2beta1 and CD133 in benign prostatic hyperplasia complicated by prostatitis and their significance].

OBJECTIVE: To study the expressions of Integrinalpha2beta1 and CD133 in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) complicated by prostatitis and their significance. METHODS: Specimens were obtained from 56 BPH patients undergoing transvesical prostatectomy. Paraffin sections of the specimens were subjected to HE staining for pathological examination of inflammatory changes under the light microscope. Twenty-four patients with simple BPH were included in Group A, and the other 32 with BPH complicated with prostatitis in Group B. The expressions of Integrinalpha2beta1 and CD133 in the prostatic tissues of the two groups were determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and IPP6.0 image analysis software. RESULTS: The expressions of Integrinalpha2beta1 and CD133 were significantly higher in Group B than in A (P < 0.05), and so were the mean relative value of the optical density of Integrinalpha2beta1 (0.29 +/- 0.18 vs 0.04 +/- 0.03) and that of CD133 (0.08 +/- 0.07 vs 0.0020 +/- 0.0018) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Inflammation can up-regulate the expressions of Integrinalpha2beta1 and CD133 in BPH tissue.