RESUMEN
The current model for medical education is based on the Master-Apprentice model which was adopted into practice over a century ago. Since then, there have been many changes in healthcare and the environment in which trainees learn, practice and become proficient in procedural and critical thinking skills. The current model for medical education has however, not changed considerably in this time frame, resulting in significant limitations to trainee education. Simulator-based training is a technique which can minimize the limitations of the apprenticeship model by mitigating the effect of time constraints, increased emphasis on patient safety and satisfaction and nonstandardization of Interventional Radiology (IR) curricula. Currently, simulators are utilized in some IR programs, however robust research into simulators must be performed to prove the educational validity of simulators and support formalization and widespread integration of simulation based training into a new, improved and standardized IR curriculum.
Asunto(s)
Educación de Postgrado en Medicina/métodos , Radiografía Intervencional , Radiología Intervencionista/educación , Entrenamiento Simulado , Competencia Clínica , Curriculum , Humanos , Curva de Aprendizaje , Seguridad del Paciente , Radiografía Intervencional/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Over the past 30 years, image-guided placement of gastrostomies and cecostomies for gastrointestinal decompression has developed into a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic bowel obstruction. Gastrostomies and cecostomies relieve patient symptoms, can prevent serious complications such as colonic perforation, and may bridge patients to more definitive treatment for the underlying cause of obstruction. This article will review the history of decompressive gastrostomies and cecostomies as well as the indications, contraindications, technique, complications, and outcomes of these procedures.
Asunto(s)
Pérdida de Sangre Quirúrgica/prevención & control , Neoplasias Óseas/secundario , Neoplasias Óseas/cirugía , Ablación por Catéter/métodos , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Microondas/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Primarias Desconocidas/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) should be implemented in the high-risk population. High-risk population includes patients with cirrhosis of any etiology, patients with chronic hepatitis B virus with or without cirrhosis, and patients with chronic hepatitis C virus with cirrhosis. A randomized controlled trial of over 18,000 high-risk individuals demonstrated that biannual screening reduced HCC-related mortality by 37%. The screening test of choice is ultrasound imaging with an interval of 6 months.
