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An amidoarylcarbonylation reaction of aromatic aldehydes and olefins with Katritzky pyridinium salts by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed radical relay to construct C-C and C-N bonds with good functional group tolerance is developed for the synthesis of ß-acylamino ketones. This gentle and efficient approach offers a valuable style for the synthesis of ß-acylamino ketones. Mechanistic studies revealed that a radical addition/coupling/elimination cascade process was involved in this reaction.
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We report chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis of two quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) polymorphs of BiSCl, denoted by y-BiSCl and r-BiSCl. The length of the CVD samples can reach about 0.4 mm. Such quasi-1D samples of the two polymorphs can be readily separated into individual pieces for either characterization or application. The two polymorphs can be clearly differentiated by Raman spectroscopy. First-principles calculations and group analysis are used to assign each Raman peak to the corresponding vibrational mode. Ultraviolet-visible measurements on solution grown thin-film samples reveal that the two polymorphs exhibit significantly different band gaps of 2.08 eV (y-BiSCl) and 1.81 eV (r-BiSCl). First-principles calculation further shows that the interatomic chain binding energy is 18.1 meV/Å2, confirming that the van der Waals stacking determines the difference in their band gaps. Our findings highlight the possibility of realizing the desired functionalities in quasi-1D materials by controlling stacking orientation.
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Dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism play important roles in tumorigenesis. Metastasizing tumor cells predominantly utilize mitochondrial metabolism, and regulators of metabolic reprogramming may provide reliable biomarkers for diagnosing cancer metastasis. Here, we identified a PRMT1-DDX3 axis that promotes breast cancer metastasis by coordinating mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy to ensure mitochondrial quality control. Mechanistically, PRMT1 induces arginine methylation of DDX3, which enhances its protein stability and prevents proteasomal degradation. DDX3 mediates mitochondrial homeostasis by translocating to mitochondria where it facilitates PINK1 translation in response to mitochondrial stress. Inhibition of DDX3 suppresses mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy, resulting in diminished cancer stemness and metastatic properties. Overall, this study uncovers a mechanism by which the PRMT1-DDX3 axis regulates mitochondrial homeostasis to support breast cancer metastasis, suggesting strategies for targeting metabolic vulnerabilities to treat metastatic breast cancer.
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PRECIS: Higher neighborhood-level poverty is associated with greater odds of missing a free eye disease screening appointment, underscoring the importance of community-based interventions to address upstream social determinants of health. PURPOSE: To investigate the association between neighborhood-level characteristics and attendance for a free eye disease screening. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The MI-SIGHT program is conducted in two community clinics in Southeastern Michigan. Participant-level demographics were extracted from electronic health records. Neighborhood level-characteristics including Area Deprivation Index (ADI), median household income (HHI), percent of households with >30% rent burden, percent of households without vehicles, percent of households in subsidized housing, and energy burden were obtained from the Wisconsin Neighborhood Atlas and the United States census. Logistic regression was used to model the probability of clinic visit attendance, which was the main outcome measure. RESULTS: 1431 participants were scheduled for screening appointments between July 2020 to November 2021, with a no-show rate of 23%. Individuals lived an average of 7.7 miles from each clinic (SD=8.1) and in neighborhoods with a mean ADI of 6.8 (SD=3.2, 1-10 scale where 10 is the most deprived). After adjusting for age, sex, race, and ethnicity, participants from neighborhoods with higher deprivation were more likely to have missed clinic visits. For example, there was an 8% higher odds of missed clinic visits for every 1-point increase in ADI (odds ratio, OR=1.08, P=0.020) and an 18% higher odds of a missed visit with every 10% increase in households without a vehicle (OR=1.18, P=0.013). CONCLUSION: Higher neighborhood-level poverty was associated with greater odds of missing a free eye disease screening appointment after adjusting for individual characteristics. Increased neighborhood-level resources are likely needed to bolster engagement in preventive eye care.
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Migraine is a condition that is often observed to run in families, but its complex genetic background remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the genetic factors influencing migraines and their potential association with the family medical history. METHODS: We performed a comprehensive genome-wide association study of a cohort of 1,561 outpatients with migraine and 473 individuals without migraine in Taiwan, including Han Chinese individuals with or without a family history of migraine. By analyzing the detailed headache history of the patients and their relatives we aimed to isolate potential genetic markers associated with migraine while considering factors such as sex, episodic vs. chronic migraine, and the presence of aura. RESULTS: We revealed novel genetic risk loci, including rs2287637 in DEAD-Box helicase 1 and long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1804 and rs12055943 in engulfment and cell motility 1, that were correlated with the family history of migraine. We also found a genetic location downstream of mesoderm posterior BHLH transcription factor 2 associated with episodic migraine, whereas loci within the ubiquitin-specific peptidase 26 exonic region, dual specificity phosphatase 9 and pregnancy-upregulated non-ubiquitous CaM kinase intergenic regions, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 and STUM were linked to chronic migraine. We additionally identified genetic regionsassociated with the presence or absence of aura. A locus between LINC02561 and urocortin 3 was predominantly observed in female patients. Moreover, three different single-nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with the family history of migraine in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: This study has identified new genetic locations associated with migraine and its family history in a Han Chinese population, reinforcing the genetic background of migraine. The findings point to potential candidate genes that should be investigated further.
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BACKGROUND: Vascular malformations (VMs) arise as a result of errors in the process of angiogenesis and are usually present at birth, but may not become apparent until after birth. However, giant VMs of the head and face are uncommon, with few reported cases, and the prognosis for their surgical intervention is unclear. CASE SUMMARY: A 12-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital with findings of an enlarged right temporal scalp. After admission, computed tomography (CT) angiography of cerebral ateries showed a right occlusal gap and a right temporal artery venous malformation. Furthermore, cerebral angiography showed a right temporal lobe VM with multiple vessels supplying blood. The patient underwent surgery to remove the malformed vessels and the eroded skull. Two hours after the surgery, the patient's right pupil was dilated, and an urgent CT scan of the skull showed a right subdural haematoma under the incision, which was urgently removed by a second operation. After surgery, we gave continuous antibiotic anti-infection treatment, and the patient recovered well and was discharged two weeks later. CONCLUSION: Surgical removal of giant haemangiomas is risky and adequate preoperative (including interventional embolisation) and intraoperative preparations should be made.
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Background: Individuals experiencing subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are at an increased risk of developing mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Early identification of SCD and neurodegenerative diseases using biomarkers may help clinical decision-making and improve prognosis. However, few cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have explored plasma biomarkers in individuals with SCD using immunomagnetic reduction. Objective: To identify plasma biomarkers for SCD. Methods: Fifty-two participants [38 with SCD, 14 healthy controls (HCs)] underwent baseline assessments, including measurements of plasma Aß42, Aß40, t-tau, p-tau, and α-synuclein using immunomagnetic reduction (IMR) assays, cognitive tests and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Following initial cross-sectional analysis, 39 individuals (29 with SCD, 10 HCs) entered a longitudinal phase for reassessment of these biomarkers and the MMSE. Biomarker outcomes across different individual categories were primarily assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The SCD subgroup with an MMSE decline over one point was compared to those without such a decline. Results: Higher baseline plasma Aß1-42 levels significantly discriminated participants with SCD from HCs, with an acceptable area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 67.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 52.7-80.0%]. However, follow-up and changes in MMSE and IMR data did not significantly differ between the SCD and HC groups (p > 0.05). Furthermore, lower baseline plasma Aß1-42 levels were able to discriminate SCD subgroups with and without cognitive decline with a satisfied performance (AUC, 75.0%; 95% CI, 55.6-89.1%). At last, the changes in t-tau and Aß42 × t-tau could differentiate between the two SCD subgroups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Baseline plasma Aß42 may help identify people with SCD and predict SCD progression. The role of plasma Aß42 levels as well as their upward trends from baseline in cases of SCD that progress to mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease require further investigation.
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Background: Accurately assessing the prognosis of patient with large-scale cerebral infarction caused by acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in the early stages of onset can help clinicians to actively and effectively intervene, thus reducing mortality and disability rates. This study set out to investigate the predictive value of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery vascular hyperintensity (FVH) on collateral circulation and clinical prognosis. Methods: The clinical data of 70 patients admitted to The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang from January 2018 to December 2021 with acute cerebral infarction due to occlusion of the proximal end of the M1 segment in the MCA were retrospectively collected. All patients had their first onset of disease and did not receive thrombolytic therapy at the time of onset. Subsequently, they underwent endovascular thrombectomy for treatment. The FVH and collateral vessel scores were derived according to patients' fluid-attenuated in version recovery (FLAIR) sequence and time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography images. Based on the 90-day Modified Rankin Scale (mRS), patients were allocated to a good prognosis group (mRS ≤2) and a poor prognosis group (mRS =3-6). The correlation between the FVH and collateral vessel scores was assessed using the Spearman rank correlation test. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was used to assess the correlation between FVH and the 90-day mRS together with the infarct size. Univariate analysis, multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were adopted to identify those factors potentially. associated with the prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Results: Out of 70 patients with acute unilateral MCA occlusion (MCAO) who met the inclusion criteria, 62 showed positive FVH sign. These 62 patients were divided into a good prognosis group (n=32) and a poor prognosis group (n=30) based on the mRS score 90 days after discharge. The Spearman rank correlation test indicated that FVH was positively correlated with collateral vessel grade (Spearman rho =0.865; P<0.001); meanwhile, Pearson correlation coefficient analysis indicated that FVH score had moderate negative correlation with 90-day mRS score (r=-0.605; P<0.001). The results of multivariate binary logistic regression analysis indicated that collateral vessel grade and FVH score may be associated with the prognosis of patients with AIS, and the area under the curve (AUC) of FVH score was larger than collateral vessel grade (AUC =0.738). Conclusions: There was a positive correlation between FVH score and collateral vessel grade, and FVH score could indicate collateral circulation. FVH score was negatively correlated with 90-day mRS score and infarct volume and thus can predict clinical prognosis.
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Tetralogy of Fallot is the most prevalent cyanotic congenital heart disease, requiring lifelong multimodality non-invasive cardiac imaging, such as echocardiography, cardiothoracic computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. As imaging techniques continuously evolve and are gradually integrated into clinical practice, there is a critical need to update multimodality imaging protocols. Over the last two decades, cardiothoracic computed tomography imaging techniques have advanced remarkably, significantly enhancing its role in evaluating patients with tetralogy of Fallot. In this review, we describe contemporary multimodality non-invasive cardiac imaging protocols for tetralogy of Fallot, emphasizing the expanding role of cardiothoracic computed tomography. Additionally, we present standardized reporting forms designed to facilitate the clinical adoption of these protocols.
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Imagen Multimodal , Tetralogía de Fallot , Tetralogía de Fallot/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Imagen Multimodal/métodos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodos , Ecocardiografía/métodos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Niño , Protocolos ClínicosRESUMEN
Importance: Known social risk factors associated with poor visual and systemic health in the US include segregation, income inequality, and persistent poverty. Objective: To investigate the association of vision difficulty, including blindness, in neighborhoods with measures of inequity (Theil H index, Gini index, and persistent poverty). Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study used data from the 2012-2016 American Community Survey and 2010 US census tracts as well as Theil H index, Gini index, and persistent poverty measures from PolicyMap. Data analysis was completed in July 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures: The main outcome was the number of census tract residents reporting vision difficulty and blindness (VDB) and the association with the Theil H index, Gini index, or persistent poverty, assessed using logistic regression. Results: In total, 73â¯198 census tracts were analyzed. For every 0.1-unit increase in Theil H index and Gini index, there was an increased odds of VDB after controlling for census tract-level median age, the percentage of the population that identified as female sex, the percentage of the population that identified as a member of a racial or ethnic minority group, state, and population size (Theil H index: odds ratio [OR], 1.14 [95% CI, 1.14-1.14; P < .001]; Gini index: OR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.15-1.15; P < .001]). Persistent poverty was associated with an increased odds of VDB after controlling for census tract-level median age, the percentage of the population that identified as female sex, the percentage of the population that identified as a member of a racial or ethnic minority group, state, and population size compared with nonpersistent poverty (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.35-1.36; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cross-sectional study, residential measures of inequity through segregation, income inequality, or persistent poverty were associated with a greater number of residents living with VDB. It is essential to understand and address how neighborhood characteristics can impact rates of VDB.
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Ceguera , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Femenino , Ceguera/epidemiología , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Adulto , Factores Socioeconómicos , Factores de Riesgo , Pobreza , Características del Vecindario , Inequidades en SaludRESUMEN
Objectives: To evaluate the comparability of frailty assessment tools - the electronic frailty index (eFI), retrospective electronic frailty index (reFI), and clinical frailty scale (CFS) - in older residents of care facilities. Methods: Data from 813 individuals aged 65 or older, with frailty and co-morbidities, collected between 2022 and 2023, were analysed using various statistical methods. Results: The results showed significant differences in frailty classification among the tools: 78.3% were identified as moderately to severely frail by eFI, 59.6% by reFI, and 92.1% by CFS. Statistical tests confirmed significant differences (p < .05) in their assessments, indicating variability in measurement methods. Discussion: This study advances the understanding of frailty assessment within aged-care settings, highlighting the differences in the efficacy of these assessment tools. It underscores the challenges in frailty assessments and emphasizes the need for continuous refinement of assessment methods to address the diverse facets of frailty in aged care.
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Despite the well-established associations between adolescents' internalizing symptoms and career development, it still remains unclear whether adolescents' internalizing symptoms are precursors or consequences of their career adaptability/ambivalence. Subtler nuance inherent within such association also await to be revealed, because internalizing symptoms and career development have been primarily treated as broad constructs, despite the multifaceted nature of both. To narrow such gaps, this study examined the potentially dynamic associations among career adaptability, career ambivalence, and internalizing symptoms using three-wave longitudinal data. The study collected data from 3196 Chinese adolescents (52.72% girls, mean age = 15.56 years, SD = 0.58) at Wave 1, with 2820 (attrition rate = 11.76%) participating in Wave 2 and 2568 (attrition rate = 8.93%) in Wave 3. The measurement invariance suggested that there were no significant differences across both waves and genders. This study approached associations at both broader construct levels and subtler dimension levels. Results of cross-lagged path models at broader construct levels demonstrated a unidirectional association between internalizing symptoms and career adaptability. Results of models at subtler dimension levels indicated a series of transactional links over time between career adaptability dimensions/ambivalence and depressive symptoms in particular. Career adaptability dimensions and career ambivalence predicted later anxiety symptoms rather than the reverse. Group model comparisons showed no difference across waves and genders. These findings shed light on the dynamic nature of the associations during adolescence between career adaptability/ambivalence and internalizing symptoms, particularly at subtler dimensional levels, which should be considered in relevant clinical and educational practices.
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Selección de Profesión , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Adolescente , China , Estudios Longitudinales , Adaptación Psicológica , Depresión/psicología , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Ansiedad/psicología , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To assess changes in vision care availability at Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) between 2017 and 2021 and whether neighborhood-level demographic social risk factors (SRFs) associated with eye care services provided by FQHCs. DESIGN: Secondary data analysis of the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) data and 2017-2021 American Community Survey (ACS). PARTICIPANTS: Federally Qualified Health Centers. METHODS: Patient and neighborhood characteristics for SRFs were summarized. Differences in FQHCs providing and not providing vision care were compared via Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests for continuous measures and chi-square tests for categorical measures. Logistic regression models were used to test the associations between neighborhood measures and FQHCs providing vision care, adjusted for patient characteristics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for neighborhood-level predictors of FQHCs providing vision care services. RESULTS: Overall, 28.5% of FQHCs (n = 375/1318) provided vision care in 2017 versus 32% (n = 435/1362) in 2021 with some increases and decreases in both the number of FQHCs and those with and without vision services. Only 2.6% of people who accessed FQHC services received eye care in 2021. Among the 435 FQHCs that provided vision care in 2021, 27.1% (n = 118) had added vision services between 2017 and 2021, 71.5% (n = 311) had been offering vision services since at least 2017, and 1.4% (n = 6) were newly established. FQHCs providing vision care in 2021 were more likely to be in neighborhoods with a higher percentage of Hispanic/Latino individuals (OR, 1.08, 95% CI, 1.02-1.14, P = 0.0094), Medicaid-insured individuals (OR, 1.08, 95% CI, 1.02-1.14, P = 0.0120), and no car households (OR, 1.07, 95% CI, 1.01-1.13, P = 0.0142). However, FQHCs with vision care, compared to FQHCs without vision care, served a lower percentage of Hispanic/Latino individuals (27.2% vs. 33.9%, P = 0.0007), Medicaid-insured patients (42.8% vs. 46.8%, P < 0.0001), and patients living at or below 100% of the federal poverty line (61.3% vs. 66.3%, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Vision care services are available at a few FQHCs, localized to a few states. Expanding eye care access at FQHCs would meet patients where they seek care to mitigate vision loss to underserved communities. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
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PRCIS: Targeted glaucoma screenings in populations with high levels of poverty and high proportions of people who identify as African American or Hispanic/Latino identified a 27% rate of glaucoma and suspected glaucoma, which is 3 times the national average. PURPOSE: To describe the neighborhood-level social risk factors across the 3 SIGHT Study sites and assess potential characteristics of these populations to help other researchers effectively design and implement targeted glaucoma community-based screening and follow-up programs in high-risk groups. METHODS/RESULTS: In 2019, Columbia University, the University of Michigan, and the University of Alabama at Birmingham each received 5 years of CDC funding to test a wide spectrum of targeted telehealth delivery methods to detect glaucoma in community-based health delivery settings among high-risk populations. This collaborative initiative supported innovative strategies to better engage populations most at risk and least likely to have access to eye care to detect and manage glaucoma and other eye diseases in community-based settings. Among the initial 2379 participants enrolled in all 3 SIGHT Studies; 27% screened positive for glaucoma/glaucoma suspect. Of all SIGHT Study participants, 91% were 40 years of age and older, 64% identified as female, 60% identified as African-American, 32% identified as White, 19% identified as Hispanic/Latino, 53% had a high school education or less, 15% had no health insurance, and 38% had Medicaid insurance. Targeted glaucoma screenings in populations with high levels of poverty and high proportions of people who identify as African American or Hispanic/Latino identified a 27% rate of glaucoma and suspected glaucoma, three times the national average. CONCLUSION: These findings were consistent across each of the SIGHT Studies, which are located in 3 geographically distinct US locations in rural Alabama, small urban locations in Michigan, and urban New York City.
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Determinantes Sociales de la Salud , Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Adulto , Anciano , Factores de Riesgo , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Glaucoma/diagnóstico , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Telemedicina , Negro o Afroamericano/estadística & datos numéricos , Presión Intraocular/fisiología , Hispánicos o Latinos/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
The translocation of YAP from the cytoplasm to the nucleus is critical for its activation and plays a key role in tumor progression. However, the precise molecular mechanisms governing the nuclear import of YAP are not fully understood. In this study, we have uncovered a crucial role of SOX9 in the activation of YAP. SOX9 promotes the nuclear translocation of YAP by direct interaction. Importantly, we have identified that the binding between Asp-125 of SOX9 and Arg-124 of YAP is essential for SOX9-YAP interaction and subsequent nuclear entry of YAP. Additionally, we have discovered a novel asymmetrical dimethylation of YAP at Arg-124 (YAP-R124me2a) catalyzed by PRMT1. YAP-R124me2a enhances the interaction between YAP and SOX9 and is associated with poor prognosis in multiple cancers. Furthermore, we disrupted the interaction between SOX9 and YAP using a competitive peptide, S-A1, which mimics an α-helix of SOX9 containing Asp-125. S-A1 significantly inhibits YAP nuclear translocation and effectively suppresses tumor growth. This study provides the first evidence of SOX9 as a pivotal regulator driving YAP nuclear translocation and presents a potential therapeutic strategy for YAP-driven human cancers by targeting SOX9-YAP interaction.
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Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales , Núcleo Celular , Factor de Transcripción SOX9 , Factores de Transcripción , Proteínas Señalizadoras YAP , Humanos , Proteínas Señalizadoras YAP/genética , Proteínas Señalizadoras YAP/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/genética , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/genética , Factor de Transcripción SOX9/genética , Factor de Transcripción SOX9/metabolismo , Proteína-Arginina N-Metiltransferasas/genética , Proteína-Arginina N-Metiltransferasas/metabolismo , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patología , Transporte Activo de Núcleo Celular/genética , Ratones , Línea Celular Tumoral , Animales , Proteínas Represoras/genética , Proteínas Represoras/metabolismoRESUMEN
Neuronal loss is the central issue in Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet no treatment developed so far can halt AD-associated neurodegeneration. Here, we developed a monoclonal antibody (mAb2A7) against 217 site-phosphorylated human tau (p-tau217) and observed that p-tau217 levels positively correlated with brain atrophy and cognitive impairment in AD patients. Intranasal administration efficiently delivered mAb2A7 into male PS19 tauopathic mouse brain with target engagement and reduced tau pathology/aggregation with little effect on total soluble tau. Further, mAb2A7 treatment blocked apoptosis-associated neuronal loss and brain atrophy, reversed cognitive deficits, and improved motor function in male tauopathic mice. Proteomic analysis revealed that mAb2A7 treatment reversed alterations mainly in proteins associated with synaptic functions observed in murine tauopathy and AD brain. An antibody (13G4) targeting total tau also attenuated tau-associated pathology and neurodegeneration but impaired the motor function of male tauopathic mice. These results implicate p-tau217 as a potential therapeutic target for AD-associated neurodegeneration.
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Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Anticuerpos Monoclonales , Tauopatías , Proteínas tau , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/patología , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/terapia , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/tratamiento farmacológico , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/farmacología , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/administración & dosificación , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patología , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Ratones Transgénicos , Degeneración Nerviosa/patología , Degeneración Nerviosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Fosforilación , Proteínas tau/metabolismo , Tauopatías/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To analyse and discuss the association of gender differences with the risk and incidence of poststroke aphasia (PSA) and its types, and to provide evidence-based guidance for the prevention and treatment of poststroke aphasia in clinical practice. DATA SOURCES: Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched from January 1, 2002, to December 1, 2023. STUDY SELECTION: Including the total number of strokes, aphasia, the number of different sexes or the number of PSA corresponding to different sex. DATA EXTRACTION: Studies with missing data, aphasia caused by nonstroke and noncompliance with the requirements of literature types were excluded. DATA SYNTHESIS: 36 papers were included, from 19 countries. The analysis of 168,259 patients with stroke and 31,058 patients with PSA showed that the risk of PSA was 1.23 times higher in female than in male (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.19-1.29, P < 0.001), with a prevalence of PSA of 31% in men and 36% in women, and an overall prevalence of 34% (P < 0.001). Analysis of the risk of the different types of aphasia in 1,048 patients with PSA showed a high risk in females for global, broca and Wenicke aphasia, and a high risk in males for anomic, conductive and transcortical aphasia, which was not statistically significant by meta-analysis. The incidence of global aphasia (males vs. females, 29% vs. 32%) and broca aphasia (17% vs 19%) were higher in females, and anomic aphasia (19% vs 14%) was higher in males, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There are gender differences in the incidence and types of PSA. The risk of PSA in female is higher than that in male.
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Afasia , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Incidencia , Afasia/diagnóstico , Afasia/epidemiología , Afasia/etiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Cooperación del PacienteRESUMEN
Trafficability gives tracked vehicles adaptability, stability, and propulsion for various purposes, including deep-sea research in rough terrain. Terrain characteristics affect tracked vehicle mobility. This paper investigates the soil mechanical interaction dynamics between rubber-tracked vehicles and sedimental soils through controlled laboratory-simulated experiments. Focusing on Bentonite and Diatom sedimental soils, which possess distinct shear properties from typical land soils, the study employs innovative user-written subroutines to characterize mechanical models linked to the RecurDyn simulation environment. The experiment is centered around a dual-tracked crawler, which in itself represents a fully independent vehicle. A new three-dimensional multi-body dynamic simulation model of the tracked vehicle is developed, integrating the moist terrain's mechanical model. Simulations assess the vehicle's trafficability and performance, revealing optimal slip ratios for maximum traction force. Additionally, a mathematical model evaluates the vehicle's tractive trafficability based on slip ratio and primary design parameters. The study offers valuable insights and a practical simulation modeling approach for assessing trafficability, predicting locomotion, optimizing design, and controlling the motion of tracked vehicles across diverse moist terrain conditions. The focus is on the critical factors influencing the mobility of tracked vehicles, precisely the sinkage speed and its relationship with pressure. The study introduces a rubber-tracked vehicle, pressure, and moisture sensors to monitor pressure sinkage and moisture, evaluating cohesive soils (Bentonite/Diatom) in combination with sand and gravel mixtures. Findings reveal that higher moisture content in Bentonite correlates with increased track slippage and sinkage, contrasting with Diatom's notable compaction and sinkage characteristics. This research enhances precision in terrain assessment, improves tracked vehicle design, and advances terrain mechanics comprehension for off-road exploration, offering valuable insights for vehicle design practices and exploration endeavors.
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Perovskite thin films directly impact solar cell properties, making defect reduction crucial in perovskite solar cell research. In our study, we used perovskite quantum dots in the anti-solvent to act as nucleation centers in MAPbI3 thin films. These centers had lower nucleation barriers than homogeneous nucleation, improving perovskite crystallinity, reducing defects, and extending carrier lifetime. Fine-tuning the energy band also enhanced carrier transport. The most effective results were obtained using CsPb(Br0.5 I0.5)3 perovskite quantum dots. The resulting device, ITO/SnO2/MAPbI3 (300 nm)/spiro-OMeTAD (200 nm)/Ag (100 nm), achieved a 12.88% power conversion efficiency, a 16% increase from the standard element. The modified device maintained approximately 95% of its efficiency over 100 h in a 70% humidity environment.
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BACKGROUND: Postoperative ileus (POI) is a common obstruction of intestinal content passage caused by almost all abdominal operations that seriously strokes the quality of life of patients. Kuanchang-Shu granule (KCSG), a classic modified prescription based on "Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction", has obtained satisfactory efficacy in the clinical therapeutics of POI. However, its material basis and holistic molecular mechanism against POI have not been revealed. METHODS: The chemical ingredients of KCSG were first characterized by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). Subsequently, an integration strategy of the network pharmacology and molecular docking based on above identified ingredients was performed to unveil the potential targets involved in the treatment of KCSG on POI. Finally, intestinal manipulation induced rat POI model was constructed to verify the efficacy and predicted mechanism of KCSG against POI. RESULTS: In total, 246 ingredients mainly including organic acids, flavonoids, quinones, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids and phenols were identified. 41 essential ingredients, 24 crucial targets as well as 15 relevant signaling pathways were acquired based on network pharmacology analysis. Pharmacodynamic research showed that KCSG treatment could protect intestinal histological damage, promote the recovery of measurement of gastrointestinal transit disorder and inhibit the secretion of myeloperoxidase in the distal ileum tissues. The up-regulated expression of p-AKT and down-regulated expression of p-eNOS and HSP9OAA1 predicted by molecular docking and validated by western blotting showed that AKT/eNOS/HSP90AA1 pathway may be one of the crucial mechanisms that mediates the protective effect of KCSG.