Cystitis Cystica Leading to Stricture of the Internal Urethral Orifice.

Cystitis cystica is a relatively common chronic reactive inflammatory disease caused by chronic irritation of the bladder mucosa. It is broadly considered one of the classifications of proliferative cystitis. The predilection site is the bladder trigone area, which may present with symptoms such as frequent urination, hematuria, and lower abdominal discomfort; however, it rarely causes bladder outlet obstruction. We present the case of a 59-year-old male patient suffering from incomplete urinary retention due to internal urethral orifice obstruction resulting from cystitis cystica. Following transurethral resection, the patient's dysuria rapidly improved, and the tumor did not recur.

The Effects of Vibegron Add-on Therapy on Alpha 1-Blocker Therapy for Sexual Function and Overactive Bladder Symptoms in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Prospective, Open-Label Study.

Background: The effect of combining an α1-adrenergic receptor blocker (α1-blocker) and the ß3-adrenoceptor agonist vibegron for treating persistent overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on sexual function remains uncertain. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of vibegron as an add-on to α1-blocker therapy on both OAB and sexual function. Methods: Forty-three patients with BPH in whom OAB symptoms were inadequately controlled by α1-blocker treatment were included in this prospective open-label study. The OAB Symptom Score (OABSS), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), 15-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15), and Erection Hardness Score (EHS), as well as the residual urine volume and serum-free testosterone (FT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, were evaluated before and 8 weeks after the daily administration of 50 mg vibegron/α1-blocker combination therapy. Results: Vibegron/α1-blocker combination therapy significantly improved the OABSS (from 6.9 ± 2.6 to 5.1 ± 2.9, p < 0.0001) and IIEF intercourse satisfaction domain (from 1.1 ± 2.3 to 1.9 ± 2.6, p = 0.02). No significant differences were observed for the IPSS, EHS, total IIEF-15 score, residual urine volume, and serum FT and CRP levels. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that vibegron/α1-blocker combination therapy improves OAB and sexual satisfaction.

Relationship between Femoral Proximal Bone Quality Assessment by MRI IDEAL-IQ Sequence and Body Mass Index in Elderly Men.

BACKGROUND: Bone assessment using the MRI DEAL-IQ sequence may have the potential to serve as a substitute for evaluating bone strength by quantifying the bone marrow hematopoietic region (R2*) and marrow adiposity (proton density fat fraction: PDFF). Higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased bone mineral density (BMD) in the proximal femur; however, the relationship between BMI and R2* or PDFF remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the correlation between BMI and MRI IDEAL-IQ based R2* or PDFF of the proximal femur. METHODS: A retrospective single-cohort study was conducted on 217 patients diagnosed with non-metastatic prostate cancer between September 2019 and December 2022 who underwent MRI. The correlation between BMI and R2* or PDFF of the proximal femur was analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation test. RESULTS: Among 217 patients (median age, 74 years; median BMI, 23.8 kg/m2), there was a significant positive correlation between BMI and R2* at the right and left proximal femur (r = 0.2686, p < 0.0001; r = 0.2755, p < 0.0001, respectively). Furthermore, BMI and PDFF showed a significant negative correlation (r = -0.239, p = 0.0004; r = -0.2212, p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: In elderly men, the increased loading on the proximal femur due to elevated BMI was observed to promote a decrease in bone marrow adiposity in the proximal femur, causing a tendency for a transition from fatty marrow to red marrow with hematopoietic activity. These results indicate that the MRI IDEAL-IQ sequence may be valuable for assessing bone quality deterioration in the proximal femur.

Does tomato juice consumption have a positive effect on the physical and psychological states of individuals in the Coronavirus era?

OBJECTIVES: This preliminary study aims to examine the effects of tomato juice, which can be easily consumed regularly, on the physical and psychological states of healthy adults in the Coronavirus era. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten healthy adults (mean age, 39.7±4.2 years) who consumed 180 mL of tomato juice twice daily for 4 weeks were enrolled. Measurements were taken before and after 4 weeks of consumption for the items below. Five salivary stress biomarkers (cortisol, α-amylase, secretory immunoglobulin A, chromogranin A, and oxytocin) were measured using approximately 1ml of passively pooled saliva samples, which were stored at -20°C until measurement. Autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity was evaluated using an acceleration pulse wave meter. Skin moisture content and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured using Multi Display devices® MDD4 with specific probes. Subjective psychological states were assessed using Profile of Mood Status (POMS2®) and a survey on skin condition was conducted. RESULTS: As for salivary stress biomarkers, tomato juice intake reduced cortisol and significantly increased oxytocin levels (p = 0.0427). No significant changes were observed in ANS activity. POMS2® results showed a significant decrease in confusion and bewilderment (p = 0.0207). Skin moisture content increased significantly (p = 0.0011), whereas TEWL decreased. The skin condition survey revealed significant changes in 10 parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Tomato juice, which can be easily consumed regularly, may alleviate the stress of healthy adults in the Coronavirus era, supported by positive changes in salivary stress biomarker levels, skin moisture content, TEWL, and POMS2® results of this preliminary study.

Investigating the efficacy and safety of olanzapine prophylaxis for opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (JORTC-PAL20): a study protocol for an open-label, single-arm exploratory study.

INTRODUCTION: In opioid therapy for cancer pain, opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) occur in 20%-40% of patients during initial opioid treatment or increasing opioid doses. OINV result in failure to achieve pain relief due to poor opioid adherence. Therefore, antiemetics are used to prevent OINV, but their efficacy and safety in this context have not yet been fully elucidated. Olanzapine is a promising antiemetic for the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This single-arm, single-centre exploratory study will evaluate the prophylactic antiemetic efficacy and safety of 5 mg olanzapine in patients with cancer pain who are withholding initial regular opioid therapy. Thirty-five patients will be enrolled. The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients achieving complete control (CC) of OINV during 5 days of opioid treatment. CC was defined as the absence of emetic episodes, no need for rescue medication to treat nausea, and minimal or no nausea (3 or less on an 11-point categorical scale). Secondary endpoints include the complete response, defined as no emetic episodes and no use of rescue medication during the overall assessment period, the time from opioid initiation to first emetic episode, the time from opioid initiation to first rescue antiemetic administration, and adverse events graded by Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 1.0 and CTCAE version 5.0. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study protocol was approved by National Cancer Center Hospital Certified Review Board. The results will be used as preliminary data to conduct a validation study. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCT) jRCTs031220008.

A network pharmacology-based investigation of emodin against pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide with an increasing incidence and poor outcome due to the lack of effective diagnostic and treatment methods. Emerging evidence implicates that emodin displays extensive spectrum anticancer properties. Differential expression genes in PAAD patients were analyzed by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) website, and the targets of emodin were obtained via Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. Subsequently, enrichment analyses were performed using R software. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING database and Cytoscape software was used to identify the hub genes. Prognostic value and immune infiltration landscapes were explored through Kaplan-Meier plotter (KM plotter) website and the Single-Sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis package of R. Finally, molecular docking was used to computationally verify the interaction of ligand and receptor proteins. A total of 9191 genes were significantly differentially expressed in PAAD patients and 34 potential targets of emodin were obtained. Intersections of the 2 groups were considered as potential targets of emodin against PAAD. Functional enrichment analyses illustrated that these potential targets were linked to numerous pathological processes. Hub genes identified through PPI networks were correlated with poor prognosis and infiltration level of different immune cells in PAAD patients. Perhaps emodin interacted with the key molecules and regulate the activity of them. We revealed the inherent mechanism of emodin against PAAD with the aid of network pharmacology, which provided reliable evidence and a novel guideline for clinical treatment.

Obstructive urosepsis caused by ureterosciatic hernia: A case report.

Ureterosciatic hernia (USH) is a relatively rare cause of ureteral obstruction. We report a case of a patient with obstructive urosepsis caused by USH and treated by ureteral stenting. An 83-year-old woman came to our hospital with symptoms of left lumbar back pain and fever. Enhanced computed tomography showed left hydronephrosis and ureteral protrusion through the greater foramen sciaticum. The patient was diagnosed with USH and underwent transurethral ureteral stenting. Eight months later, the ureteral stent was removed. There has been no recurrence of USH 6 months after removal of the ureteral stent.

Differences in the diurnal variation of salivary stress biomarkers during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic between telecommuters and office workers.

OBJECTIVES: It is necessary to objectively assess the stress state of workers, from the standpoint of holistic palliative care, in order to determine how the rapid change in work styles in the "live with coronavirus era"-in which people will coexist and live with the coronavirus (COVID-19)-will affect their physical and mental health. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of rapid changes in work patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic on the neuroendocrine stress response of workers. DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of sixteen subjects, 9 telecommuters (2 males, 7 females; age, 37.1±2.6 years) and 7 office workers (3 males, 4 females; age, 37.3±3.0 years) who provided their informed consent were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Saliva was collected four times a day (after waking, noon, evening, and before bedtime) and three times a week (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) during May and June 2020. The saliva samples were stored at -20°C until measurement. Saliva components were analyzed by ELISA for cortisol, melatonin, s-IgA, and oxytocin. RESULTS: The diurnal variation of salivary components between telecommuting and office work groups was investigated. Cortisol showed diurnal variation with higher secretion during waking hours and lower secretion toward nighttime in both groups, and no modulation was observed. In the office work group Melatonin showed diurnal variation, with increased secretion at night. In contrast, the telecommuting group showed modulation, with higher secretion at waking and lower secretion at night. s-IgA showed diurnal variation with a high level at waking and a low level thereafter in both groups, and no modulation was observed. The telecommuting group showed higher oxytocin levels in comparison to the office work group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the absence of commuting in the telecommuting group reduces anxiety due to infection, and that the diurnal variation of melatonin may be due to the alteration of circadian rhythm caused by being at home all day.

Surgical Success Rate of Scleral Buckling Surgery and Postoperative Incidence of Cystoid Macular Edema: 10 Years of Experience at a Single Academic Hospital.

The purposes of this study were to report the surgical success rate of scleral buckling surgery (SB) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in a single academic hospital, analyze the incidence of cystoid macular edema (CME) after SB using optical coherence tomography (OCT), and reveal the factors associated with the development of CME. This was a retrospective observational study of patients with RRD who underwent SB from 2010 to 2020 in a single academic hospital. The anatomical success was initially achieved in 267 of 288 eyes (92.7%), and finally achieved in 288 eyes (100%). After excluding 17 eyes that underwent vitrectomy for reoperations, a total of 271 eyes of 267 patients (173 men; age, 43.5 ± 16.9 years) were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the incidence of postoperative CME. CME occurred in 6 of 271 eyes (2.2%) within 3 months after initial surgery. Pseudophakic and aphakic eyes appeared more likely to develop CME (chi-squared test: p = 0.0078). Five of the six cases with postoperative CME were able to be medically treated. Scleral buckling surgery showed a high success rate even in the era of small-gauge vitreous surgery, and the postoperative frequency of CME after SB was low (2.2%). Previous cataract surgery may be associated with the development of postoperative CME, which is mostly medically manageable.

Availability of and factors related to interventional procedures for refractory pain in patients with cancer: a nationwide survey.

BACKGROUND: Cancer pain may be refractory to standard pharmacological treatment. Interventional procedures are important for quality of analgesia. The aim of the present study was to clarify the availability of four interventional procedures (celiac plexus neurolysis/splanchnic nerve neurolysis, phenol saddle block, epidural analgesia, and intrathecal analgesia), the number of procedures performed by specialists, and their associated factors. In addition, we aimed to establish how familiar home hospice physicians and oncologists are with the different interventional procedures available to manage cancer pain. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted. Subjects were certified pain specialists, interventional radiologists, home hospice physicians, and clinical oncologists. RESULTS: The numbers of valid responses/mails were 545/1,112 for pain specialists, 554/1,087 for interventional radiology specialists, 144/308 for home hospice physicians, and 412/800 for oncologists. Among pain specialists, depending on intervention, 40.9-75.2% indicated that they perform each procedure by themselves, and 47.5-79.8% had not performed any of the procedures in the past 3 years. Pain specialists had performed the four procedures 4,591 times in the past 3 years. Among interventional radiology specialists, 18.1% indicated that they conduct celiac plexus neurolysis/splanchnic nerve neurolysis by themselves. Interventional radiology specialists had performed celiac plexus neurolysis/splanchnic nerve neurolysis 202 times in the past 3 years. Multivariate analysis revealed that the number of patients seen for cancer pain and the perceived difficulty in gaining experience correlated with the implementation of procedures among pain specialists. Among home hospice physicians and oncologists, depending on intervention, 3.5-27.1% responded that they were unfamiliar with each procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Although pain specialists responded that the implementation of each intervention was possible, the actual number of the interventions used was limited. As interventional procedures are well known, it is important to take measures to ensure that pain specialists and interventional radiology physicians are sufficiently utilized to manage refractory cancer pain.

Feasibility of assessing male osteoporosis using MRI IDEAL-IQ sequence of proximal femur in prostate cancer patients.

Osteoporosis is often accompanied by bone loss with fat accumulation of the red marrow. A novel technique for quantification of iron and fat content by MRI IDEAL-IQ can visualize hematopoietic areas and fatty deposits in bone marrow; however, the relationship between these indices and total hip bone mineral density (BMD) remains unclear. In this study, the proximal femur of 104 men who underwent pelvic MRI and bone densitometry prior to treatment for non-metastatic prostate cancer was retrospectively examined to investigate the R2* value to quantify iron and proton density fat fraction (PDFF) to assess bone marrow fat content. R2* was significantly positively correlated with BMD (r = 0.6017, p < 0.0001), and PDFF was not correlated with BMD (r = -0.1302, p = 0.0512). Patients with BMD T-score ≤ -2.5 had significantly lower R2* than patients with BMD T-score > -2.5; however, there was no significant difference in PDFF. In the ROC analysis, which examined the predictive ability of R2* with BMD T-score ≤ -2.5 as an outcome, the cut-off value of R2* was 50.7 s-1 (AUC 0.817). These results show R2* correlated with BMD. R2* may be a non-invasive surrogate marker for diagnosing male osteoporosis.

ONE-YEAR OUTCOMES OF METAMORPHOPSIA AND RETINAL DISPLACEMENT AFTER EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE SURGERY.

PURPOSE: To examine 1-year outcomes of metamorphopsia and tangential retinal displacement after epiretinal membrane surgery and identify predictors for metamorphopsia score at 1 year and its improvement from baseline. METHODS: M-CHARTS were used to measure metamorphopsia. Distances between the intersections of two sets of retinal vessels were measured with infrared or autofluorescence images. Predictors for metamorphopsia scores at 1 year after surgery and their differences from baseline were identified with multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS: Ninety-two eyes of 90 consecutive patients were included. The vertical and horizontal distances continued expanding for 1 year ( P < 0.001). Both vertical and horizontal metamorphopsia scores improved 3 months after surgery ( P = 0.025 and P < 0.001, respectively), and horizontal scores continued improving for a year. Horizontal metamorphopsia scores correlated with retinal displacement more strongly than vertical scores. Higher metamorphopsia score at baseline is predictive for that at 1 year. Older age and being male are predictive for less improvement of the score at 1 year from baseline. CONCLUSION: Metamorphopsia correlates with tangential retinal displacement at 1 year after epiretinal membrane surgery. Horizontal metamorphopsia scores keep improving until 1 year postoperatively. Being male and older age are both independent predictors for poor improvement of metamorphopsia after epiretinal membrane surgery.

Palliative care physicians' recognition of patients after immune checkpoint inhibitors and immune-related adverse events.

PURPOSE: This study investigated the experience of palliative care physicians (PCPs) and their knowledge and recognition of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in clinical practice as well as the need to provide palliative care services for patients after ICI treatments. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey with self-administered questionnaires was conducted between February and April 2020. A total of 759 questionnaires were sent to PCPs in Japan. The changes in the PCPs' knowledge and recognition of ICIs and irAEs due to the increased experiences of treating patients after ICI treatments were analyzed. RESULTS: Four hundred ninety-two responses (64.8%) were analyzed. Only 15.0% of respondents had no experience of patients after ICI treatments, while 53.9% had experience of more than six patients. On the other hand, 40% of respondents had no experience of patients with suspected irAEs, while only 13.4% had experience of more than six patients. Respondents with more experience of patients after ICI treatments or those with suspected irAEs had extensive knowledge of ICIs and irAEs, were more confident in treating these patients, and tended to consider irAEs as therapeutic indications. The majority of respondents required guidelines and efficient consultation systems with oncologists. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that PCPs with experience had extensive knowledge and confidence of ICIs and irAEs and tended to recognize irAEs as therapeutic indications. The establishment of a more intimate relationship between PCPs and oncologists is important for providing better treatment for these patients.

An immune-related lncRNA signature for the prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Recent evidence suggests that aberrant expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) can drive the initiation and progression of malignancies. However, little is known about the prognostic potential of lncRNA. We aimed at constructing a lncRNA-based signature to improve the prognosis prediction of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). The PAAD samples with clinical information were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and International Cancer Genome Consortium. We established an eight-IRlncRNA signature in a training cohort. The prognostic value of eight-IRlncRNA signature was validated in two distinct cohorts when compared to other four prognostic models. We continued to analyze its independence in subgroups by univariate and multivariate Cox regression. We constructed a nomogram for clinicopathologic features and 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival performance. Moreover, Gene set enrichment analysis and Gene Set Variation Analysis distinguished the typical functions between high- and low-risk groups. In addition, we further observed the different correlations of immune cell between eight IRlncRNAs. Eight-IRlncRNA signature appears to be a good performer to predict the survival capability of PAAD patients, and the nomogram will enable PAAD patients to be more accurately managed in clinical practice.

Comprehensive assessment of the impact of horticultural activities on salivary stress biomarkers, psychological status, and the autonomic nervous system response visualized using a wearable biosensor.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to comprehensively investigate the changes of salivary stress biomarkers, psychological status, and autonomic nervous system (ANS) response due to horticultural activities (HAs). DESIGN AND METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted in twenty Japanese healthy adults (mean age, 58.4 years). Flower appreciation, flower arrangement, and farm work experience were performed as three HAs with different working concepts. Five salivary stress biomarkers (cortisol, α-amylase, S-IgA, chromogranin A, and oxytocin) were measured to quantify the stress levels before and after each HA. The Profile of Mood Status 2nd edition (POMS2) was used as a subjective psychological evaluation. Wearable biosensors were used to visualize the continuous ANS response throughout the process. RESULTS: In the POMS2 investigation, the negative factors, which included Anger-Hostility, Confusion-Bewilderment, Depression-Dejection, Tension-Anxiety, and Total Mood Disturbance, were significantly decreased (p=0.0135, p=0.0004, p=0.0024, p=0.0015, p=0.0063, respectively). In the measurement of salivary stress biomarkers, flower appreciation decreased cortisol (p=0.0134), and farm work experience not only decreased cortisol but also increased oxytocin (p=0.0041, p=0.0128 respectively). In the visualization results of the ANS response, a graph demonstrated that the difference in activity between the sympathetic nerve and the parasympathetic nerve was narrowed by a series of HAs. CONCLUSIONS: In healthy adults, HAs had a stress-reducing effect, which was evidenced by neuroendocrinological and psychological evaluations, a study of POMS2, salivary stress biomarkers, and visualization of the ANS response.

Effects of once-yearly zoledronic acid on bone density and incident vertebral fractures in nonmetastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer patients with osteoporosis.

BACKGROUND: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the effective treating prostate cancer but is often accompanied by cancer treatment-induced bone loss (CTIBL), which impairs the patient's quality of life. In patients with nonmetastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (M0CSPC) who already have osteoporosis before starting ADT, appropriate bone-modifying agent intervention must be performed in parallel, as the patient has a high risk of future fracture. However, little is known about therapeutic interventions aimed at preventing the progression of CTIBL and new fractures. The present study explored the effect of once-yearly zoledronic acid 5 mg (ZOL 5 mg) on bone mineral density (BMD) and new vertebral fractures (VFs) in M0CSPC patients with coexisting osteoporosis before starting ADT. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, multi-institutional, cohort study involving 42 M0CSPC patients with osteoporosis who had undergone ADT with/without a single intravenous infusion of ZOL 5 mg at the start of ADT (ZOL 5 mg group, n = 26; control group, n = 16). The association of the ZOL 5 mg with changes in the BMD from baseline to 12 months and the incidence of VFs were evaluated. RESULTS: Prevalent VFs were found in 47.6% of all patients at baseline. ZOL 5 mg significantly increased the lumbar spine BMD (LS-BMD) (mean rate of change: + 4.02%, p < 0.0001) and significantly decreased the TRACP-5b (mean rate of change: - 52.1%, p < 0.0001) at 12 months after starting ADT. Incident VFs were identified in 19.0% of all patients at 12 months after starting ADT. After adjusting for the age, BMI, and changes in the LS-BMD, ZOL 5 mg was not significantly associated with incident VFs (odds ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.04-11.3, p = 0.7774). CONCLUSION: ZOL 5 mg significantly increased the LS-BMD 12 months after starting ADT, and our short-term results showed that ZOL 5 mg was not significantly correlated with the suppression of incident vertebral fractures.

A Comparison of the Predictive Role of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and Immunonutritional Parameters for Postoperative Complications in Elderly Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) is reportedly a useful factor for predicting postoperative complications in elderly patients with several cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between postoperative complications and the GNRI in elderly patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical data of 62 patients who were ≥65 years old and underwent open surgery for RCC were analyzed retrospectively. The American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, Charlson comorbidity index, surgical procedure, body mass index, GNRI, platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), psoas muscle index (PMI), visceral fat area, and subcutaneous fat area were examined. The association of the GNRI and immunonutritional parameters with postoperative complications was analyzed by the univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Grade ≥ II postoperative complications evaluated by the Clavien-Dindo classification were seen in 11 out of 62 cases. In the Spearman's correlation test, the GNRI showed a significant negative correlation with the PLR and NLR and a significant positive correlation with the PMI. The group with postoperative complications showed a significantly lower GNRI, higher PLR, and higher NLR than those without complications. In the multivariate analysis, a GNRI ≤92 was independently associated with postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: The GNRI might play an important role in evaluation of the risk of postoperative complications in open surgery for elderly RCC patients.

The relationship of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, visceral fat accumulation, and other age-related diseases with the prevalent vertebral fractures in elderly men with castration-naïve prostate cancer.

The prevalence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) in prostate cancer patients and its relationship with prevalent vertebral fractures (PVF) has not yet been demonstrated. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of DISH, visceral fat accumulation, and other age-related diseases to PVF in elderly men with castration-naïve prostate cancer (CNPC). A total of 134 CNPC patients who were ≥65 years of age without bone metastases were registered in this study. DISH was found in 36.6% (49/134) of the patients in the study population. Patients with DISH were significantly older and had a lower total hip-bone mineral density (BMD) than those without DISH. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in fat distribution, prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), or lumbar-BMD (L-BMD). A multivariate analysis of age, DISH, body mass index (BMI), visceral fat area (VFA), and total hip-BMD, which were significantly associated with PVF in a univariate analysis, showed that age (OR 1.11; p = .02) and DISH (OR 5.99; p = .0003) were independently associated with PVF. This study suggests that the presence of DISH may not be negligible when assessing the risk of vertebral fracture in prostate cancer patients before treatment.

Factors Affecting Decisions Regarding Terminal Care Locations of Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is generally incurable, but patients can survive longer than those with other cancer types. Treatment strategies for MBC are complex, and it is difficult to establish evidence of efficacy since symptoms and patient backgrounds vary markedly. Some patients struggle to decide where to receive end-of-life care, despite palliative care intervention, and some die in unexpected places. With the aim of ascertaining the best way to intervene on behalf of patients with end-stage breast cancer, we retrospectively examined interventions provided by our palliative care team. We investigated factors influencing the decision-making processes of patients with MBC regarding end-of-life care locations and where patients actually died. METHODS: Clinical records of 44 patients with MBC, all Japanese women, who received palliative care interventions at our hospital, were retrospectively investigated. We examined factors, such as age, possibly impacting decision-making processes regarding the final location and actual place of death. RESULTS: Thirty-five (80%) patients were able to decide where to receive end-of-life care, while the others were not. For these 35 patients, desired locations were the palliative care unit (77%), home palliative care (14%), and the hospital (9%). Age and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were factors influencing patients' decision-making processes (P = .030 and .044, respectively). Of the 35 patients, 25 (71%) were able to receive end-of-life care at their desired locations. CONCLUSIONS: Young patients and those with short RFS struggled with making decisions regarding where to receive end-of-life care. Such patients might benefit from prompt introduction of advanced care planning.