Association Between Periodontitis and Preterm Birth in a Cohort of Pregnant Women in Ivory Coast.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between periodontitis and preterm birth in Ivory Coast. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort study including 446 volunteers (pregnant women) aged 15-50 years was performed in the Gynecology-Obstetrics Department of the University Hospital Center of Cocody-Abidjan in Ivory Coast. Socioeconomic and periodontal status was obtained during pregnancy. After delivery, obstetric data was collected. Periodontitis was diagnosed according to the new 2018 EFP/AAP classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions, as follows: a subject presenting with interdental CAL at two non-adjacent teeth or buccal/oral CAL ≥ 3 mm with pocketing > 3 mm was diagnosed with periodontitis. Any birth before the 37th week was considered a preterm birth (PTB). RESULTS: The prevalence of periodontitis and preterm birth were 59.47% and 18.34%, respectively. Periodontitis was mainly stage 1. PTB was statistically significantly higher in pregnant women with periodontitis compared to women without periodontitis (p = 0.0002). Multivariate analysis showed that periodontitis was associated with PTB (p = 0.0002). Logistic regression showed that periodontitis is a risk factor for preterm birth (OR = 3.62; 95% CI: 1.80-7.31; p = 0.0003). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that periodontitis is an additional risk factor for preterm birth in Ivory Coast.

Prevalence and risk indicators for severe periodontitis in Côte d'Ivoire.

Background: The present study evaluated the prevalence of severe periodontitis (SP) and determined the possible relevant risk factors among patients referred to the Periodontology Department at the Dental Care Center of the Odontostomatology Training and Research Unit of Abidjan, in Côte d'Ivoire. Methods: This retrospective observational study was based on 1087 patients data aged 18‒80 years, who were treated in the periodontology department from December 2008 to December 2018. Severe periodontitis (stages III or IV) was defined as interdental clinical attachment loss (CAL)>5 mm at two non-adjacent teeth. Two groups were considered: patients with severe periodontitis (test) or without severe periodontitis (control). Differences between the two groups were tested using the chi-squared test and ANOVA. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis was used to model the relationship between the severity of periodontitis and covariables as potential risk indicators. Results: 43.4% of patients had severe periodontitis with a mean CAL of 6.89 mm. SP was associated with age (P=0.004), socioeconomic status (P=0.005), smoking habits (P=0.000), brushing frequency (P=0.000), the number of mobile teeth (P<0.001), and the number of lost teeth (P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that having at least five mobile teeth (OR= 4.11, 95% CI: 2.95‒5.73) and/or five missing teeth (OR=2.60, 95% CI: 1.85‒3.66) were independent risk indicators for severe periodontal disease. Conclusion: This Ivorian sample presented a high prevalence of severe periodontal diseases. Therefore, proper public health measures would allow early detection, with targeted and effective treatment of the Ivorian population.

Prevalence and severity of periodontitis among adults in Côte d'Ivoire according to the new EFP/AAP periodontal disease classification.

Background: To describe the prevalence and severity of periodontitis in patients attending the Periodontics Service of the Cocody University Hospital at Abidjan. Methods: This retrospective observational study reviewed records of patients aged 20-80 years who attended the Periodontics Service between January 2014 and December 2018. Periodontitis was diagnosed, according to the 2018 EFP/AAP new classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. Chi-square test, 1-factor Anova test, and logistic regression were performed for analysis. Results: A total number of 596 patients were included. The mean age was 44.94 ± 14.34 years and 59.20% of were males. 2 (0.40%) patients were classified as Stage I, 221 (37.08%) as Stage II, and 373 (62.58%) as Stage III/V; the extent of periodontitis was generalized in 39.77% of patients. PD ≥ 6 mm, missing teeth ≥ 5 and mobile teeth were present in 47.15%, 26.35% and 25.50% of the sample, respectively.Severity of periodontitis were associated with age (p < 0.001), socio-economic status (p=0.001), diabetes (p < 0.001), missing teeth (p < 0.001) and smoking (p=0.009). Age (OR= 1.59, 95% CI: 1.11-2.26) and missing teeth (OR= 2.31, 95% CI: 1.08-4.89) were identified as independent risks indicators. Conclusion: The prevalence and severity of periodontitis were high. Risks indicators identified may allow early detection and management of groups at high risk in Côte d'Ivoire.

Periodontal Diseases and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Is There a Link? A Review.

BACKGROUND: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) induces irreversible loss of vision in older people. The exact physiopathology remains unclear, but numerous studies highlight the role of inflammation and multiple risk factors. Recent data show an altered periodontal condition subject to AMD. Periodontal diseases lead to the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, mainly caused by the periodontal infection inducing a chronic inflammation. Periodontal diseases are known to be associated with several extraoral diseases such as diabetes, polyarthritis (rheumatoid arthritis), cardiovascular disease, and preeclampsia. OBJECTIVES: To assess emerging evidence suggesting an association between periodontitis and AMD. METHODS: To support this review, we performed a literature search using PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases, completed by manual searches in periodontology journals. We included only the original studies published before July 2017 reporting data on periodontal diseases and AMD. No restrictions were made on the language. RESULTS: Persons with AMD showed more periodontal diseases, fewer teeth, and more alveolar bone loss than those without AMD. Also, a significant association was observed between periodontal diseases and AMD, but only in the youngest individuals studied. CONCLUSION: According to the studies included in this review, periodontal disease may be a plausible risk factor for AMD and may have a potential role in the earlier stages of this eye disease. Further studies should be encouraged for better understanding of this potential new relationship.

Knowledge and Practical Attitudes of Surgeons-Dentists of Bamako District Facing the Septum Syndrome

Objective: To determine the knowledge and attitude of dental surgeons in Bamako regarding the management of septal syndromes. Material and Methods: It was a crosssectional and descriptive study conducted in the Bamako District, Mali. The following variables were collected: sociodemographic, training, knowledge of septal syndrome, therapeutic decisions and treatment. The data was collected from a survey sheet and processed by Epi-info Software version 3.5.3 and by the language R. Results: A total of 67 professionals participated in this study, of which 88.1% were men. Seventy-six point one percent of the Dental Surgeons have recognized septum syndrome as an emergency. The management of the emergency, followed by the completion of the comprehensive care later represents the attitude of 71.6% of the dentists. Sixty-four point two percent of dentists remove irritating elements under gingival, 80.6% prescribe an antiinflammatory, 38.8% prescribe chlorhexidine gel and 26.9% reconstruct the point of contact. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that Dental Surgeons in general have adequate average knowledge and attitude for their management of septal syndrome.