RESUMEN
A simple and efficient synthetic approach for generating a library of structurally novel indolizines has been developed via sequential 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition-ring opening processes. Using this methodology, a series of indolizines bearing different substituents were made in moderate to good yields. The presence of two functionalizable C-H bonds in these indolizine motifs makes them attractive for accessing fused indolizine scaffolds. In this line, we have introduced palladium-mediated site-selective C-H functionalizations, where the N-center and the two C-H centers of the indolizine moiety can be readily functionalized to generate fused N-heterocycles. Utilizing a Pd-mediated dual C-H activation of 5-benzoyl-substituted indolizine afforded 6H-indeno-indolizine, and a tetracene, viz., indolizino[2,1-b]indoles, was produced in the same substrate by the Pd-catalyzed selective C-H amination in the presence of oxygen.
RESUMEN
Background: The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the accuracy in measuring the working length (WL) using Dentaport ZX, Rootor, and a newly introduced budget friendly electronic apex locator (EAL), E-Pex Pro in two commonly simulated clinical conditions (in the presence of irrigant and blood). Materials and Methodology: Eighty-eight single-rooted premolars were randomly assigned to two groups according to simulated clinical conditions: Group 1: Presence of irrigant (5% NaOCl) and Group 2: Presence of blood. WL was determined with all three EAL and was then compared with actual length (AL) of the tooth, which was measured using Vision Inspection System. The difference between the length measured by EAL and AL was tabulated and statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Dunnett's test. All testing was done using two-sided tests at alpha 0.05 (95% confidence level). Thus, the criteria for rejecting the null hypothesis were "P < 0.05." Results: Measurement using Dentaport ZX, Rootor, and E-Pex Pro had an accuracy of 99.79%, 99.69%, and 99.64%, respectively, in Group 1 and 99.95%, 99.7%, and 99.74%, respectively, in Group 2. ANOVA revealed that the mean error value is least for Dentaport ZX followed by Rootor and then E-Pex pro EAL. Conclusion: Dentaport ZX gave better results both in the presence of NaOCl and blood followed by Rootor and E-Pex Pro EALs.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study is to assess the anxiolytic effects of yogic relaxation technique (YRT) in patients requiring root canal treatment (RCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study, 30 patients undergoing RCT with baseline visual analog scale for anxiety (VAS-A) of score >4 were divided into Group 1: YRTs; Group 2: alprazolam (0.25 mg/0.5 mg), and Group 3: placebo. After 30 min of completion of YRT, endodontic treatment was performed. Reduction in anxiety was analyzed using state anxiety score (domain) of the state-trait anxiety inventory scale. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in anxiety score 1 h before RCT between groups (P = 0.401). Ten minutes before (P < 0.0001) and after RCT (P < 0.0001), there was significant difference between groups (yogic relaxation vs. alprazolam [P < 0.0001]; yogic relaxation vs. placebo [P < 0.0001]). Ten minutes before RCT, yoga relaxation showed significant difference in anxiety score for pain versus alprazolam and placebo (P < 0.0001 for both). Ten minutes after RCT, the change from baseline in mean anxiety score for pain was significantly different with yogic relaxation (versus alprazolam [P = 0.043]; versus placebo [P = 0.002]). As per the global assessment of efficacy, the response was excellent in 9 (90%), 2 (20%), and 1 (10%) patients in yoga relaxation group, alprazolam group, and placebo group, respectively. Difference in response between three groups was significant (P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the global assessment of tolerability between three groups (P = 0.535). No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: Before RCT, YRT is an effective alternative to anxiolytic agents, alprazolam.
