[Stereotactic radiotherapy of non-tumoral brain pathologies: Arteriovenous malformations and trigeminal neuralgias]. / Radiothérapie stéréotaxique des affections cérébrales non tumorales : malformations artérioveineuses et névralgies trigéminales.

Stereotactic radiotherapy and radiosurgery allow delivery of high irradiation doses in a limited volume. These techniques are specially adapted to brain and nervous pathologies. Indication are not only cancers and tumors but also non tumor tissues such as arteriovenous malformations. In some case purpose of stereotactic radiotherapy is solely functional, for example for trigeminal neuralgia. We detail the questions that raise treatment of these non-tumor pathologies. These pathologies imply a multidisciplinary approach that associate radiation oncologists, neuro-radiologist and neurosurgeons.

Communicating chronic hydrocephalus: A review.

Formerly called normal pressure hydrocephalus, communicating chronic hydrocephalus (CCH) is a condition affecting 0.1 to 0.5% of patients over 60years of age. The pathophysiology of this disease is poorly understood, but a defect in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) resorption appears to be commonly defined as the cause of the neurological disorders. The last important discovery is the description of the glymphatic system and its implication in CCH and CSF resorption. Comorbidities (Alzheimer's disease, microangiopathy, parkinsonism) are very frequent, and involve a diagnostic challenge. The clinical presentation is based on the Hakim and Adams triad, comprising gait disorders, mainly impairing walking, cognitive disorders, affecting executive functions, episodic memory, visuospatial cognition, and sphincter disorders as urinary incontinence (detrusor hyperactivity). The diagnosis is suspected through a set of arguments, combining the clinical presentation, the radiological data of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing a ventriculomegaly associated with signs of transependymomous resorption of the CSF and disappearance of the cortical sulci, and the clinical response to the depletion of CSF. In the presence of all these elements, or a strong clinical suspicion, the standard treatment will be of a permanent CSF shunt, using a ventriculoatrial or ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The effectiveness of this treatment defines the diagnosis. The clinical improvement is better when treatment occurs early after the onset of the disorders, reaching 75 to 90% of motor improvement.

[Interest of robotic stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of brain metastases: Results of a retrospective, single center analysis]. / Place de la radiochirurgie stéréotaxique robotisée dans la prise en charge des métastases cérébrales : résultats d'une analyse rétrospective monocentrique.

PURPOSE: The management of malignant brain metastases becomes a main issue for the treatment of patients, because of the survival extension related to the improvement in systemic treatments. Robotic stereotactic radiosurgery (RSR) is a new approach in this indication. The purpose of this analysis was to define the efficacy of RSR, in order to determine prognostic factors of survival and factors of response. PATIENTS AND METHODS: It was a retrospective, single center (polyclinique de Bordeaux Nord Aquitaine) analysis performed from 2012 to 2015, involving patients with malignant brain metastases treated by RSR using the Cyberknife® technique. We analyzed the following parameters: response to RSR, prognostic and predictive factors of response, and survival. RESULTS: A total of 72 RSRs were performed among 55 analyzed patients; 62 treatments were assessable with a median follow-up of 9.4 months. The main delivered dose on the 80%-isodose was 20Gy. A complete response was achieved in 40.3% of patients (stability or regression=83.9%). The overall survival was 13 months. The risk of failure was significantly correlated with the increase in metastasis size and non-adenocarcinoma histology. A performance status<2 was the main prognostic factor of survival. CONCLUSIONS: The RSR allowed treating 3 to 5 brain metastases, avoiding an entire brain irradiation, and maintaining survival and quality of life.

[Conservative surgery for a mandibular condyle osteochondroma]. / Chirurgie conservatrice d'un ostéochondrome du condyle mandibulaire.

INTRODUCTION: Osteochondroma is a rare benign bone tumor of the mandibular condyle (90 cases reported). The symptoms are similar to those of temporomandibular joint disorders: painful temporomandibular joint, joint sounds, and modification of dental occlusion. CASE REPORT: A 37-year-old female patient consulted for a wide left laterodeviation of the mandible. CT scan revealed a 27 mm long bony growth on the condyle. The condyle neck was osteotomized, then the tumor and condyle head were split, the condyle was then remodeled and osteosynthesized on the condyle neck. The functional and esthetic results were satisfactory at 12 months without any recurrence or relapse. DISCUSSION: The authors present a novel conservative technique, slightly different from those reported in the literature. There are several therapeutic alternatives. They can be classified in three groups: invasive, non-invasive, and conservative techniques. Nevertheless, osteochondroma is a benign tumor and its management should be as little invasive as possible.