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OBJECTIVE: Perform the validation and psychometric evaluation of the Brazilian-Portuguese translation of the Functional Outcome of Sleep Questionnaire 10 (FOSQ10). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 182 patients (65 females 48.3±14.4 years and 117 males 46.9±12.4 years), were evaluated by sleep physicians suspected of having Obstructive Sleep Apnea, underwent polysomnography and completed the FOSQ-10 and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. APA & NCME, 2014 was used to validate the data as the American Educational Research Association recommended. RESULTS: Quality indicators such as Bartlett's test of sphericity (χ2 = 1108.2; gL=45; p= 0.000010) and KMO (0.83), and adherence measures, attest to the quality of the model. The indicators TLI (0.97), CFI (0.98), and RMSEA (0.04) fall within the expected values. Using the Eigenvalue > 1 technique, two factors explain 53% and 13.3% of the variances. In the Parallel Analysis technique, a single factor explained 59.4653% of the random variance, and the Unidimensionality indicators UniCo = 0.921, ECV = 0.822, and MIREAL = 0.253, were supported. Construct Validity: reliability coefficients Cronbach's α = 0.87, McDonald's ordinal Omega index 0.9, and the Composite Reliability 0.891 were satisfactory. CONVERGENT VALIDITY: There was a significant Spearman correlation between FOSQ-10 and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (r = 0.364 [-0.487; -0.226]). CRITERION VALIDITY: Was not possible to differentiate the groups based on the severity of AHI using FOSQ-10P. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian translation of FOSQ-10 is valid and reliable for identifying significant effects of excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
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PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of an exergame rehabilitation program on pain, anxiety or depression, and fatigue in oncology patients undergoing abdominal surgery. METHODS: The randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of exergame rehabilitation on Pain, Anxiety, Depression, and Fatigue in oncology patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Patients were recruited from October 2022-March 2023 and were randomly assigned to the intervention group (postoperative traditional rehabilitation plus an exergame rehabilitation program) or control group (postoperative traditional rehabilitation). Data were collected at three different times: on admission, in the first 48 h, and on the 7th day after surgery. Primary outcomes were evaluated and monitored with different validated instruments: numeric rating scale (NRS) for pain, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to assess the level of anxiety and depression, and the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) to assess physical and psychological fatigue. The length of stay and program completion were secondary outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 128 postoperative patients were recruited. Of these, 58 patients were excluded from the study due to clinical complications related to the surgical procedure (n = 53) or healthcare staff-related reasons (n = 5). Both the control and intervention groups were the same size (n = 35). Lower pain scores were observed on the 7th postoperative day in the group subject to the "exergame rehabilitation program" (p = 0.006). No statistically significant differences were observed for anxiety and depression between the 2 groups. Regarding fatigue, statistically significant differences were observed on admission (p = 0.03), which disappeared 48 h after surgery (p = 0.143). Differences between the groups were observed again on the 7th day after surgery (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The intervention using exergames was effective in reducing the postoperative pain of the patient undergoing major abdominal surgery and in restoring the levels of fatigue before surgical intervention. However, no differences were observed for anxiety or depression. Future studies with larger samples should be carried out.
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BACKGROUND: Exergames can be an appealing strategy that is integrated into post-abdominal surgery rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of exergame rehabilitation in improving independence in activities of daily living (ADLs) and patient balance after abdominal cancer surgery. METHODS: A randomized control-group study was carried out in an oncological hospital in Portugal. Seventy postoperative patients were included, and data collection took place between January 2023 and May 2023. The patients were randomly assigned to either an exergame rehabilitation program (n = 35) or a traditional rehabilitation program (n = 35). The assessed outcomes were the Barthel and Berg scales, and data collection occurred at 3 different time points: admission, 48 hours postoperatively, and on the seventh day after surgery. RESULTS: At the third assessment, a statistically significant difference was observed between the 2 groups for both indicators, ADLs and balance. CONCLUSIONS: There was an improvement in ADLs and balance in the exergames group. By the seventh day after surgery, the intervention group showed improvement in balance and ADLs compared with the control group. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The use of exergames can be a solution to the challenges of traditional rehabilitation methods after abdominal surgery for cancer for postoperative patients. This is the first study carried out in this specific population.
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ABSTRACT Objective Evaluate the food consumption of the participants of the Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais, according to the degree of processing, and its relationship with socioeconomic, behavioral, and individual factors. Methods A total of 4,124 individuals from the baseline of the Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais (2016 and 2018) participated in this study. Food consumption was self-reported by completing an online Food Frequency Questionnaire. The foods were divided into 3 groups: Group 1, in natura, minimally processed foods, culinary ingredients and culinary preparations; Group 2, processed foods; Group 3, ultra-processed foods. A hierarchical multiple linear regression model was used to verify the associated factors. Results Regarding the factors associated with food consumption, it is noteworthy that Group 1 was positively associated with the practice of physical activity, female gender, age, "non-white" skin color, and the presence of diabetes Mellitus; and negatively with "not married/without stable union" marital status, alcohol abuse, tobacco use, obesity, and depression. Considering Group 2, it was positively associated with alcohol abuse, tobacco use, and age; and negatively with physical activity, female gender, and "non-white" skin color. As for Group 3 it was positively associated with a marital status of "not married/without stable union", obesity, and depression; and negatively with physical activity, age, "non-white" skin color, and presence of diabetes Mellitus. Conclusion The factors that are in at least one of the final hierarchical linear regression models stand out: marital status, physical activity, alcohol abuse, tobacco use, sex, age, skin color, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and depression.
RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o consumo alimentar dos participantes da Coorte de Universidades Mineiras, de acordo com grau de processamento, e sua relação, com fatores socioeconômicos, comportamentais e individuais. Método Participaram desse estudo 4.124 indivíduos da linha de base da Coorte de Universidades Mineiras (2016 e 2018). O consumo alimentar foi autorrelatado por um questionário online de frequência de consumo alimentar. Os alimentos foram divididos em: Grupo 1: alimentos in natura, minimamente processados, ingredientes culinários e preparações culinárias; Grupo 2: alimentos processados; e Grupo 3: alimentos ultraprocessados. Foi utilizado modelo de regressão linear múltipla hierarquizada para verificar os fatores associados. Resultados O Grupo 1 se associou positivamente à prática de atividade física, sexo feminino, idade, cor da pele "não branca" e presença de diabetes Mellitus; e negativamente ao estado civil "não casado/sem união estável", consumo abusivo de álcool, uso do tabaco, obesidade e depressão. O Grupo 2 se associou positivamente ao consumo abusivo de álcool, uso do tabaco e idade; e negativamente à prática de atividade física, sexo feminino e cor da pele "não branca". O Grupo 3 se associou positivamente ao estado civil "não casado/sem união estável", obesidade e depressão; e negativamente à prática de atividade física, idade, cor da pele "não branca" e presença de diabetes Mellitus. Conclusão Destacam-se os fatores que estão em pelo menos um dos modelos de regressão linear hierarquizada final: estado civil, atividade física, consumo abusivo de álcool, uso do tabaco, sexo, idade, cor da pele, obesidade, diabetes mellitus e depressão.
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Dementias secondary to cardiovascular diseases are the second cause of neurogenerative diseases. These conditions can be prevented by controlling risk factors, and it is necessary to observe the relationship between chronic diseases. Objective: to know the influence of chronic non-communicable diseases on cognition and depressive symptoms in the elderly, amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: 578 older adults were evaluated using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Brazilian Telephone version of the Mini Mental State Examination (Braztel-MMSE), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and an open questionnaire related to NCDs. Results: the association of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) with age, depressive symptoms and schooling was confirmed. Conclusion: no association with cognitive decline was evident due to the relationship of high schooling of participants and control of NCDs.
As demências secundárias às doenças cardiovasculares são a segunda causa de doenças neurodegenerativas. Essas condições podem ser prevenidas pelo controle de fatores de risco, sendo necessário observar a relação entre doenças crônicas. Objetivo: Conhecer a influência das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) na cognição e nos sintomas depressivos em pessoas idosas, em meio à pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: Foram avaliados 578 idosos utilizando um questionário sociodemográfico, o Brazilian telephone version of the Mini Mental State Examination (Braztel-MMSE), a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS-15) e um questionário aberto relacionado às DCNT. Resultados: Foi confirmada a associação das DCNT crônicas com idade, sintomas depressivos e escolaridade. Conclusão: Nenhuma associação com declínio cognitivo foi evidente em razão da relação da alta escolaridade dos participantes com o controle das DCNT.
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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: malnutrition is a common phenomenon in people with cancer and can occur at all stages of the disease trajectory. Prevention, early identification of patients at risk of malnutrition, nutritional diagnosis, and personalized intervention, monitoring and follow-up are essential measures to minimize the occurrence of malnutrition and its consequences. This study aims to evaluate if current institutional practices regarding nutritional intervention guarantees nutritional/dietary care for cancer patients. METHODS: adescriptive, analytical and longitudinal study was carried out, lasting five months, in a hospital inpatient surgical oncology unit. All patients admitted to the unit in the period between 1 March and 31 July 2022, who underwent nutritional screening at the time of admission to the service, were included. During hospitalization, they were subjected to periodic assessments of weight, body mass index and nutritional screening every 7 days until discharge. RESULTS: a total of 659 patients were admitted to the inpatient unit. The highest prevalence of malnutrition was observed in Head and Neck (37.6%), Genitourinary (30.8%) and Digestive (27.7%) cancers. Weight loss was especially significant in digestive, skin and sarcoma cancers, as well as genitourinary cancers, but not in breast cancer patients. During the hospitalization period, 14.0% of the hospitalized patients received nutrition-related nursing intervention, and 21.5% were referred for clinical dietetic intervention (by a registered dietitian). CONCLUSION: this work reinforces the high prevalence of malnutrition in oncological patients and the need to systematically track cancer patients throughout their disease/treatment trajectory, from admission to the hospital, to the day of admission to inpatient unit, and subsequent follow-up. We also propose expedited referrals to different specialized centres in nutritional support for cancer patients from the first day of hospitalization. Assessment of patients should always be accompanied by active referral capacity to a specialized and duly trained nutritional care team that is quick, proactive, and responsive.
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Desnutrición , Estado Nutricional , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Evaluación Nutricional , Hospitalización , Pacientes Internos , Desnutrición/diagnóstico , Desnutrición/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Evidence indicates that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) provides therapeutic benefits in different situations, such as epilepsy, depression, inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Despite the increasing use of tDCS, its cellular and molecular basis remains unknown. Astrocytes display a close functional and structural relationship with neurons and have been identified as mediators of neuroprotection in tDCS. Considering the importance of hippocampal glutamatergic neurotransmission in nociceptive pathways, we decided to investigate short-term changes in the hippocampal astrocytes of rats subjected to tDCS, evaluating specific cellular markers (GFAP and S100B), as well as markers of astroglial activity; glutamate uptake, glutamine synthesis by glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutathione content. Data clearly show that a single session of tDCS increases the pain threshold elicited by mechanical and thermal stimuli, as evaluated by von Frey and hot plate tests, respectively. These changes involve inflammatory and astroglial neurochemical changes in the hippocampus, based on specific changes in cell markers, such as S100B and GS. Alterations in S100B were also observed in the cerebrospinal fluid of tDCS animals and, most importantly, specific functional changes (increased glutamate uptake and increased GS activity) were detected in hippocampal astrocytes. These findings contribute to a better understanding of tDCS as a therapeutic strategy for nervous disorders and reinforce the importance of astrocytes as therapeutic targets.
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Epilepsia , Estimulación Transcraneal de Corriente Directa , Ratas , Animales , Astrocitos/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Epilepsia/metabolismo , Ácido Glutámico/metabolismo , Glutamato-Amoníaco Ligasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Society associates palliative care with "death" or "end of life", which cause them fear and anxiety. In Spain, the media worsens the misunderstanding by depicting a wrong picture of palliative care. Educational innovation for university students may serve as an alternative communication strategy. Care and Society is a university course designed by and for students from non-health degrees to help disseminate the palliative care message. The first year of the Teach-Inn Pal project aims to evaluate the effects of the course and to identify areas of improvement. OBJECTIVE: To present an evaluation to determine if the course can work as a campaign to refocus the public opinion on palliative care and share the preliminary results of the pilot study. METHODOLOGY: A prospective Participatory Action Research study. University students enrolled in the course (n = 29) are invited to test and redesign the palliative care message. Knowledge and empathy will be measured throughout the learning process. Afterwards, qualitative, thematic, inductive analysis of the course material will be carried out. This study is registered on the ISRCTN Registry under the name "Can a university course help communicate palliative care?" (Registration number: ISRCTN10236642). DISCUSSION: This study is part of a doctoral thesis. Education is used as a creative outlet, allowing rapid testing of multiple tools to create ambassadors of palliative care that may reframe the public opinion. CONCLUSION: The understanding of students about palliative care changed, the overall impression of the experience was positive, and students were also able to explain palliative care to people with little or no experience in the topic. However, to determine if they became ambassadors the results of the mid-term assessment are required.
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Comunicación , Cuidados Paliativos , Humanos , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Estudios Prospectivos , Proyectos Piloto , EscolaridadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Currently, studies using video games as an intervention to improve cognitive functions in the elderly are on the rise. OBJECTIVE: To investigate and evaluate the effects of cognitive interventions using video games on cognition in healthy elderly people published in the last ten years. METHODS: A systematic review involving a qualitative analysis carried out between July and September 2021on the SciELO, LILACS and MEDLINE databases.. RESULTS: A total of 262 articles were identified in the initial search. After exclusion of duplicates, analysis of titles/abstracts and of the full text, a final total of 9 studies were included in the review. The objectives of the studies included investigating the effects on cognition of cognitive training (CT) programs using video games compared to programs using entertainment games or to low-intensity CT games. Despite the growing number of studies, many of them were focused on cognitive rehabilitation in elderly people with some degree of cognitive impairment, and few involved training among healthy elderly people. CONCLUSION: According to the studies analyzed, the interventions involving CT with video games promoted significant improvements in processing speed and working memory, but no improvements in executive functions.
ANTECEDENTES: Atualmente, estão em alta estudos que utilizam video games para melhorar as funções cognitivas em idosos. OBJETIVO: Investigar e avaliar os efeitos de intervenções cognitivas com video games na cognição de idosos saudáveis publicadas nos últimos dez anos. MéTODOS: Estudo de revisão sistemática com análise qualitativa realizado entre julho e setembro de 2021, das bases de dados SciELO, LILACS e MEDLINE. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 262 estudos na busca inicial. Após a exclusão de estudos duplicados, análise dos títulos e resumos, e análise integral dos estudos, nove estudos foram incluídos na revisão. Os objetivos de alguns estudos incluíam investigar os efeitos na cognição de programas de treino cognitivo (TC) com video games comparados aos de programas com jogos de entretenimento ou com jogos com baixa intensidade de TC. Apesar do crescente número de estudos, muitos centravam-se na reabilitação cognitiva em idosos com algum comprometimento cognitivo e poucos realizaram o treino em idosos saudáveis. CONCLUSãO: Pelos estudos analisados, as intervenções de TC com video games apresentaram melhorias significativas na velocidade de processamento (VP) e na memória operacional (MO); por outro lado, não foram observadas melhorias nas funções executivas.
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Disfunción Cognitiva , Juegos de Video , Humanos , Anciano , Cognición , Disfunción Cognitiva/rehabilitación , Función Ejecutiva , Memoria a Corto Plazo , Juegos de Video/psicologíaRESUMEN
Abstract Background Currently, studies using video games as an intervention to improve cognitive functions in the elderly are on the rise. Objective To investigate and evaluate the effects of cognitive interventions using video games on cognition in healthy elderly people published in the last ten years. Methods A systematic review involving a qualitative analysis carried out between July and September 2021 on the SciELO, LILACS and MEDLINE databases.. Results A total of 262 articles were identified in the initial search. After exclusion of duplicates, analysis of titles/abstracts and of the full text, a final total of 9 studies were included in the review. The objectives of the studies included investigating the effects on cognition of cognitive training (CT) programs using video games compared to programs using entertainment games or to low-intensity CT games. Despite the growing number of studies, many of them were focused on cognitive rehabilitation in elderly people with some degree of cognitive impairment, and few involved training among healthy elderly people.
Resumo Antecedentes Atualmente, estão em alta estudos que utilizam video games para melhorar as funções cognitivas em idosos. Objetivo Investigar e avaliar os efeitos de intervenções cognitivas com video games na cognição de idosos saudáveis publicadas nos últimos dez anos. Métodos Estudo de revisão sistemática com análise qualitativa realizado entre julho e setembro de 2021, das bases de dados SciELO, LILACS e MEDLINE. Resultados Foram identificados 262 estudos na busca inicial. Após a exclusão de estudos duplicados, análise dos títulos e resumos, e análise integral dos estudos, nove estudos foram incluídos na revisão. Os objetivos de alguns estudos incluíam investigar os efeitos na cognição de programas de treino cognitivo (TC) com video games comparados aos de programas com jogos de entretenimento ou com jogos com baixa intensidade de TC. Apesar do crescente número de estudos, muitos centravam-se na reabilitação cognitiva em idosos com algum comprometimento cognitivo e poucos realizaram o treino em idosos saudáveis. Conclusão Pelos estudos analisados, as intervenções de TC com video games apresentaram melhorias significativas na velocidade de processamento (VP) e na memória operacional (MO); por outro lado, não foram observadas melhorias nas funções executivas.
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BACKGROUND: Computerized cognitive training programs may have benefited the self-assessment of memory, quality of life, and mood among older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. OBJECTIVE: To determine the subjective impacts of computerized cognitive training on mood, frequency of forgetfulness, memory complaints, and quality of life in the elderly using an online platform. METHODS: In total, 66 elderly participants of USP 60 + , a program for the elderly offered by Universidade de São Paulo, who voluntarily enrolled in the study were selected and randomized with an allocation ratio of 1:1 into 2 groups: the training group (n = 33) and the control group (n = 33). After signing the free and informed consent form, they answered a protocol which included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Memory Complaints Questionnaire (MAC-Q), the McNair and Kahn's Frequency of Forgetfulness Scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI), and the Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization, and Pleasure (CASP-19) questionnaire. The training cognitive game platform aimed to stimulate various cognitive aspects, including memory, attention, language, executive functions (reasoning, logical thinking), and visual and spatial skills. RESULTS: The participants of the training group showed a reduction in the MAC-Q, MacNair and Kahn, and GAI scores in the pre- and posttest comparison. Significant differences were identified between the groups regarding the total scores of the MAC-Q in the post-test, which was also evidenced by the logistic regression. CONCLUSION: Participation in a computerized cognitive intervention promoted reductions in memory complaints, frequency of forgetfulness, and anxiety symptoms, in addition to improving self-reported quality of life.
ANTECEDENTES: Programas informatizados de treinamento cognitivo podem ter beneficiado a autoavaliação da memória, a qualidade de vida e o humor entre os idosos durante a pandemia de doença do coronavírus 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, em inglês). OBJETIVO: Determinar os impactos subjetivos do treinamento cognitivo computadorizado no humor, na frequência de esquecimento, nas queixas de memória, e na qualidade de vida em idosos utilizando uma plataforma online. MéTODOS: Ao todo, 66 idosos participantes do programa USP 60 + , oferecido à terceira idade pela Universidade de São Paulo, e inscritos voluntariamente no estudo, foram selecionados e randomizados em uma razão de 1:1 em 2 grupos: grupo treinamento (n = 33) e grupo controle (n = 33). Após assinarem o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, os participantes responderam a um protocolo que incluía um questionário sociodemográfico, o Questionário de Queixas de Memória (Memory Complaints Questionnaire, MAC-Q), A Escala de Frequência de Esquecimento de McNair e Kahn, a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS-15), o Inventário de Ansiedade Geriátrica (Geriatric Anxiety Inventory, GAI), e o questionário de Controle, Autonomia, Autorrealização e Prazer (Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization, and Pleasure, CASP-19). A plataforma de jogos cognitivos de treinamento visou estimular diversos aspectos cognitivos, incluindo memória, atenção, linguagem, funções executivas (raciocínio, raciocínio lógico) e habilidades visuais e espaciais. RESULTADOS: Na comparação pré e pós-teste, os participantes do grupo de treinamento apresentaram redução nas pontuações do MAC-Q, da escala McNair e Kahn e do GAI. Diferenças significativas entre os grupos quanto às pontuações totais da escala MAC-Q no pós-teste também foram evidenciadas pela regressão logística. CONCLUSãO: A participação em uma intervenção cognitiva computadorizada promoveu reduções nas queixas de memória, frequência de esquecimento e sintomas de ansiedade, além de melhorar a qualidade de vida autorrelatada.
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COVID-19 , Pandemias , Humanos , Anciano , Calidad de Vida , Entrenamiento Cognitivo , Brasil/epidemiología , Trastornos de la Memoria , CogniciónRESUMEN
Abstract Background Computerized cognitive training programs may have benefited the self-assessment of memory, quality of life, and mood among older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Objective To determine the subjective impacts of computerized cognitive training on mood, frequency of forgetfulness, memory complaints, and quality of life in the elderly using an online platform. Methods In total, 66 elderly participants of USP 60 +, a program for the elderly offered by Universidade de São Paulo, who voluntarily enrolled in the study were selected and randomized with an allocation ratio of 1:1 into 2 groups: the training group (n = 33) and the control group (n = 33). After signing the free and informed consent form, they answered a protocol which included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Memory Complaints Questionnaire (MAC-Q), the McNair and Kahn's Frequency of Forgetfulness Scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI), and the Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization, and Pleasure (CASP-19) questionnaire. The training cognitive game platform aimed to stimulate various cognitive aspects, including memory, attention, language, executive functions (reasoning, logical thinking), and visual and spatial skills. Results The participants of the training group showed a reduction in the MAC-Q, MacNair and Kahn, and GAI scores in the pre- and posttest comparison. Significant differences were identified between the groups regarding the total scores of the MAC-Q in the post-test, which was also evidenced by the logistic regression. Conclusion Participation in a computerized cognitive intervention promoted reductions in memory complaints, frequency of forgetfulness, and anxiety symptoms, in addition to improving self-reported quality of life.
Resumo Antecedentes Programas informatizados de treinamento cognitivo podem ter beneficiado a autoavaliação da memória, a qualidade de vida e o humor entre os idosos durante a pandemia de doença do coronavírus 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, em inglês). Objetivo Determinar os impactos subjetivos do treinamento cognitivo computadorizado no humor, na frequência de esquecimento, nas queixas de memória, e na qualidade de vida em idosos utilizando uma plataforma online. Métodos Ao todo, 66 idosos participantes do programa USP 60 +, oferecido à terceira idade pela Universidade de São Paulo, e inscritos voluntariamente no estudo, foram selecionados e randomizados em uma razão de 1:1 em 2 grupos: grupo treinamento (n = 33) e grupo controle (n = 33). Após assinarem o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, os participantes responderam a um protocolo que incluía um questionário sociodemográfico, o Questionário de Queixas de Memória (Memory Complaints Questionnaire, MAC-Q), A Escala de Frequência de Esquecimento de McNair e Kahn, a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (Geriatric Depression Scale, GDS-15), o Inventário de Ansiedade Geriátrica (Geriatric Anxiety Inventory, GAI), e -o questionário de Controle, Autonomia, Autorrealização e Prazer (Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization, and Pleasure, CASP-19). A plataforma de jogos cognitivos de treinamento visou estimular diversos aspectos cognitivos, incluindo memória, atenção, linguagem, funções executivas (raciocínio, raciocínio lógico) e habilidades visuais e espaciais. Resultados Na comparação pré e pós-teste, os participantes do grupo de treinamento apresentaram redução nas pontuações do MAC-Q, da escala McNair e Kahn e do GAI. Diferenças significativas entre os grupos quanto às pontuações totais da escala MAC-Q no pós-teste também foram evidenciadas pela regressão logística. Conclusão A participação em uma intervenção cognitiva computadorizada promoveu reduções nas queixas de memória, frequência de esquecimento e sintomas de ansiedade, além de melhorar a qualidade de vida autorrelatada.
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This study aims to evaluate the association between Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity (dTAC) and Total Antioxidant Capacity of food groups (fgTAC) with the incidence of depression in Brazilian graduates participating in the Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais (CUME Study). The sample consisted of 2572 participants without a medical diagnosis of depression at baseline who responded to at least one follow-up questionnaire from the CUME Project. The Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay was used to determine dTAC. Incidence of depression was estimated by self-reported medical diagnosis of depression during the years of cohort follow-up. Cox regression models were used to relate dTAC and fgTAC to the incidence of depression. The mean follow-up time was 2·96 (1·00) years, and 246 cases of depression were observed (32·3/1000 person-years). The mean dTAC was 11·03 (4·84) mmol/d. We found no associations between higher dTAC and lower risk of developing depression after adjusting for possible confounders. The incidence of depression was inversely associated with fgTAC of the beans and lentils group (hazard ratio (HR): 0·61; 95 % CI 0·41, 0·90). The fgTAC of the junk food group was positively associated with higher incidence of depression after all adjustments (HR: 1·57; 95 % CI 1·08, 2·26). Our findings do not support an association between dTAC and the incidence of depression in a highly educated Brazilian population. However, associations of fgTAC show the importance of analysing the food matrix in which these antioxidants are inserted. We highlight the need for more prospective studies with different nationalities to confirm these results.
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Antioxidantes , Depresión , Humanos , Antioxidantes/análisis , Brasil/epidemiología , Incidencia , Estudios Prospectivos , Depresión/epidemiología , DietaRESUMEN
Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells, have several metabolic functions, including ionic, neurotransmitter and energetic homeostasis for neuronal activity. Reactive astrocytes and their dysfunction have been associated with several brain disorders, including the epileptogenic process. Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) are astrocyte biomarkers associated with brain injury. We hypothesize that arundic acid (ONO-2506), which is known as an inhibitor of S100B synthesis and secretion, protects the hippocampal tissue from neuroinflammation and astrocyte dysfunction after status epileptics (SE) induction by Li-pilocarpine in young rats. Herein, we investigated the effects of arundic acid treatment, at time points of 6 or 24 h after the induction of SE by Li-pilocarpine, in young rats. In SE animals, arundic acid was able to prevent the damage induced by Li-pilocarpine in the hippocampus, decreasing neuroinflammatory signaling (reducing IL-1ß, COX2, TLR4 and RAGE contents), astrogliosis (decreasing GFAP and S100B) and astrocytic dysfunction (recovering levels of GSH, glutamine synthetase and connexin-43). Furthermore, arundic acid improved glucose metabolism and reduced the glutamate excitotoxicity found in epilepsy. Our data reinforce the role of astrocytes in epileptogenesis development and the neuroprotective role of arundic acid, which modulates astrocyte function and neuroinflammation in SE animals.
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Epilepsia , Estado Epiléptico , Ratas , Animales , Astrocitos/metabolismo , Pilocarpina/toxicidad , Enfermedades Neuroinflamatorias , Estado Epiléptico/inducido químicamente , Estado Epiléptico/tratamiento farmacológico , Estado Epiléptico/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Proteína Ácida Fibrilar de la Glía/metabolismoRESUMEN
Resumo Introdução A mamografia é o principal método de detecção precoce de neoplasias mamárias. Objetivou-se conhecer a tendência temporal de realização da mamografia e identificar os fatores associados à realização desse exame em algum momento da vida e nos últimos dois anos. Objetivo Descrever a tendência temporal de realização da mamografia e identificar fatores associados à realização desse exame em algum momento da vida e nos últimos dois anos. Método Estudo transversal utilizando dados autorreferidos por mulheres, de 50 a 69 anos, oriundos do Vigitel. Para análise da tendência de realização da mamografia, tanto em algum momento da vida quanto nos últimos dois anos, foram analisados dados de 2007 a 2015 da cidade de João Pessoa, Paraíba, por meio de regressão linear simples, e, para identificação dos fatores associados, foram estimadas razões de prevalências utilizando-se da regressão de Poisson com dados de 2015. Resultados A prevalência de realização da mamografia, de 2007 a 2015, aumentou nos dois desfechos. Entre as variáveis analisadas, apenas a posse de plano de saúde manteve-se associada à realização da mamografia em algum momento da vida. Para a realização do exame nos últimos dois anos, mantiveram-se associados o estado civil casada/união estável e a posse de plano de saúde. Conclusão É necessário haver ações prioritárias nos serviços públicos de saúde, com a ampliação do acesso à solicitação e à realização da mamografia, garantindo acesso igualitário entre todas as mulheres.
Abstract Background Mammography is the main method for the early detection of breast cancer. The objective of this study was to learn about the temporal trend for mammography and identify factors associated with the examination at some point in life and in the last two years. Objective Describe the temporal trend of mammograms and identify factors associated with this exam at some point in life and in the last two years. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out using self-reported data from women aged 50 to 69 years from Vigitel. To analyze the tendency to perform mammography, both at some point in life and in the last two years, data from 2007 to 2015 in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba, were analyzed using simple linear regression, and to identify the associated factors, prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression with data from 2015. Results The prevalence of mammography, from 2007 to 2015, increased in both outcomes. Among the variables analyzed, only possession of a health plan remained associated with mammography at some point in life. For the examination in the last two years, marital status/stable union, and possession of a health plan remained associated. Conclusion Priority actions are needed in public health services, with increased access to requests and the performance of mammography, guaranteeing equal access among all women.
RESUMEN
ABSTRACT. Dementias secondary to cardiovascular diseases are the second cause of neurogenerative diseases. These conditions can be prevented by controlling risk factors, and it is necessary to observe the relationship between chronic diseases. Objective: to know the influence of chronic non-communicable diseases on cognition and depressive symptoms in the elderly, amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: 578 older adults were evaluated using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Brazilian Telephone version of the Mini Mental State Examination (Braztel-MMSE), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and an open questionnaire related to NCDs. Results: the association of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) with age, depressive symptoms and schooling was confirmed. Conclusion: no association with cognitive decline was evident due to the relationship of high schooling of participants and control of NCDs.
RESUMO. As demências secundárias às doenças cardiovasculares são a segunda causa de doenças neurodegenerativas. Essas condições podem ser prevenidas pelo controle de fatores de risco, sendo necessário observar a relação entre doenças crônicas. Objetivo: Conhecer a influência das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) na cognição e nos sintomas depressivos em pessoas idosas, em meio à pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: Foram avaliados 578 idosos utilizando um questionário sociodemográfico, o Brazilian telephone version of the Mini Mental State Examination (Braztel-MMSE), a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS-15) e um questionário aberto relacionado às DCNT. Resultados: Foi confirmada a associação das DCNT crônicas com idade, sintomas depressivos e escolaridade. Conclusão: Nenhuma associação com declínio cognitivo foi evidente em razão da relação da alta escolaridade dos participantes com o controle das DCNT.
RESUMEN
A amamentação é uma prática recomendada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde devido aos seus inúmeros benefícios para mãe e recém-nascido, porém seu estabelecimento e manutenção vêm sendo um grande desafio nos dias atuais. Objetivo: Identificar comportamentos indicativos de dificuldades maternas e neonatais relacionadas à amamentação considerando a via de parto. Casuística e Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 240 binômios mãe-bebê, por amostragem aleatória simples e os dados obtidos através da aplicação do instrumento de observação e avaliação da mamada, proposto pelo Fundo das Nações Unidas para Infância (Unicef), com realização de entrevista semiestruturada e coleta de dados complementares por análise documental de prontuários. Estes foram analisados pelo programa SPSS versão 3.5 por meio do teste X2, exato de Fisher e aplicada a correção de Yates quando cabível, sendo os resultados estatisticamente significativos quando p<0,05. Resultados: Constatou-se no estudo uma elevada prevalência de participantes com comportamentos indicativos de dificuldades, sendo "posição" e "sucção" os mais prevalentes. Foram encontradas, ainda, significativas associações entre parto normal e comportamentos favoráveis à amamentação relacionados ao aspecto "resposta", assim como entre cesárea e comportamentos favoráveis relacionados à "posição". Conclusão: Foi possível identificar comportamentos sugestivos de dificuldades durante a amamentação, auxiliando a população, oportunizando reflexões e fornecendo subsídios para profissionais da saúde no incentivo e promoção do aleitamento materno
Breastfeeding is a practice recommended by the World Health Organization due to its numerous benefits for mother and newborn, but its establishment and maintenance have been a major challenge nowadays. Objective: To identify behaviors that indicate maternal and neonatal difficulties related to breastfeeding, considering the mode of delivery. Casuistry and Methods: The sample consisted of 240 mother-baby binomials, by simple random sampling and the data obtained through the application of the instrument of observation and evaluation of breastfeeding, proposed by the United Nations Children's Fund (Unicef), with the performance of semi-structured interview and collection of complementary data through document analysis of medical records. These were analyzed using the SPSS version 3.5 program using Fisher's exact X2 test and Yates correction was applied when applicable, with statistically significant results when p<0.05. Results: The study found a high prevalence of participants with behaviors indicative of difficulties, with "position" and "sucking" being the most prevalent. Significant associations were also found between vaginal delivery and favorable breastfeeding behaviors related to the "response" aspect, as well as between cesarean sections and favorable behaviors related to "position". Conclusion: It was possible to identify behaviors that suggest difficulties during breastfeeding, helping the population, providing opportunities for reflection and providing subsidies for health professionals in encouraging and promoting breastfeeding
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Recién Nacido , Cesárea/efectos adversosRESUMEN
A iniquidade racial é a desigualdade em oportunidades e condições de vida que acontece em decorrência da etnia de uma pessoa. Indivíduos pretos, pardos e indígenas são modelos de povos que resistem aos desafios subsequentes dos processos históricos de segregação. Objetivo: Verificar a influência dos aspectos raciais na prática de violência obstétrica na atenção ao parto e nascimento. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem quantitativa, de corte transversal, com coleta de dados prospectiva, realizado em uma maternidade pública na cidade de Goiânia, Goiás. Resultados: Pode-se determinar um cuidado menos satisfatórios para as mulheres negras quando comparado com as brancas para a maioria dos indicadores avaliados neste estudo. Mulheres pretas e pardas têm maior chance de sofrerem manobra de Kristeller, amniotomia precoce, privação alimentar no trabalho de parto, clampeamento imediato do cordão umbilical e menor chance de contato pele a pele e de ser ofertado métodos não farmacológicos para o alívio da dor. Conclusão: O fator raça/cor influencia no tratamento em que as mulheres recebem dentro do estabelecimento de saúde.
Racial inequity is inequality in opportunities and living conditions that occurs as a result of a person's ethnicity. Black, brown and indigenous individuals are models of peoples who resist the subsequent challenges of historical processes of segregation. Objective: To verify the influence of racial aspects in the practice of obstetric violence in labor and birth care. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, with prospective data collection, carried out in a public maternity hospital in the city of Goiânia, Goiás. Results: Less satisfactory care can be determined for black women when compared to white women for most of the indicators evaluated in this study. Black and brown women are more likely to undergo the Kristeller maneuver, early amniotomy, food deprivation during labor, immediate clamping of the umbilical cord and less chance of skin-to-skin contact and being offered non-pharmacological methods for pain relief. Conclusion: The race/color factor alone influences the treatment that women receive within the health establishment.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Racismo , Inequidad Étnica , Violencia Obstétrica , Brasil/etnología , Trabajo de Parto , Estudios Transversales , Determinantes Sociales de la Salud , Clampeo del Cordón Umbilical , MaternidadesRESUMEN
Objetivo: Caracterizar os fatores clínicos e obstétricos de mulheres que tiveram diagnóstico de óbito fetal em uma maternidade escola de alto risco. Metodologia: estudo de abordagem quantitativa, de corte transversal e caráter descritivo exploratório. Foram incluídos 354 prontuários de mulheres admitidas com diagnóstico e óbito fetal entre janeiro de 2018 a janeiro de 2022. Analisou-se os dados a partir da distribuição de frequências absolutas e relativas (%). Resultados: A idade média das participantes foi de 26 anos. A maioria era primípara sem perdas fetais prévias. Hipóxia Fetal Intraútero foi a causa de óbito mais frequente (17,8%). Conclusão: O óbito fetal intraútero ainda é um diagnóstico que requer mais visibilidade por parte do sistema de saúde. Foi constatada a deficiência dos registros em prontuário de dados importantes, ressaltando a necessidade de promover treinamento e capacitação para os profissionais que realizam assistência
Objective: To characterize the clinical and obstetric factors of women who were diagnosed with fetal death in a high-risk maternity hospital. Methodology: cross-sectional, analytical and retrospective study, carried out in a high-risk maternity hospital in the Central Region of Goiás. A total of 354 medical records of women admitted with a diagnosis and fetal death between January 2018 and January 2022 were included. Data were analyzed based on the distribution of absolute and relative frequencies (%). Results: The average age of the participants was 26 years old. Most were primiparous without previous fetal losses. Intrauterine Fetal Hypoxia was the most frequent cause of death (17.8%). Conclusion: Intrauterine fetal death is still a diagnosis that requires more visibility from the health system. It was verified the deficiency of records in medical records of important data, emphasizing the need to promote training and qualification for professionals who perform assistance
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Muerte Fetal/etiología , Brasil , Registros Médicos/estadística & datos numéricos , Desprendimiento Prematuro de la PlacentaRESUMEN
A gravidez na adolescência é um problema de saúde pública mundial e apresenta maior risco de morbimortalidade materna e neonatal. Objetivo: analisar os desfechos maternos em adolescentes de risco habitual e alto risco gestacional. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com adolescentes com idade entre 10 a 19 anos. A amostra utilizada no estudo foi de 220 adolescentes. Foram utilizados como testes estatísticos o X² e, quando necessário, o teste exato de Fisher ou Mid-P. Foi considerado o valor de p<0,05. Resultados: Observou-se que as adolescentes de risco habitual apresentaram gestação não desejada (p=0,033) e lacerações perineais durante o parto vaginal (p<0,001) e as de alto risco tiveram alterações da gestação (p<0,001), episiotomia (p= 0,038) no parto e internações em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) (p=0,015). Conclusão: As adolescentes de alto risco gestacional necessitam de uma atenção especializada durante o ciclo gravídico-puerperal, para prevenir alterações gestacionais, quadros clínicos graves, internação em UTI e desfechos neonatais adversos, com intuito de melhorar a qualidade de vida perinatal
Teenage pregnancy is a global public health problem and presents a higherrisk of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. This study aims to analyze the maternal outcomes in adolescents of usual riskand high gestational risk. Methods: This is a crosssectional study, carried out with adolescents aged 10to 19 years. The sample used in the study consisted of 220 adolescents. X² were used asstatistical tests, when necessary, Fisher's exact test or Mid-P was used. Ap value <0.05 wasconsidered. Results:it was observed that the usual risk adolescents had unwantedpregnancies (p= 0.033) and perineal lacerations during vaginal delivery (p<0.001) and thehigh risk ones had changesin pregnancy (p<0.001), episiotomy was performed (p= 0.038)and admitted to theIntensive Care Unit (ICU) (p= 0.015). Conclusions: Adolescentsat high gestational risk need specialized care during the pregnancy-puerperal cycle, to prevent gestational changes, severe clinical conditions, ICU admission and adverse neonatal outcomes, withthe aim of improving perinatal quality of life
