Age at natural menopause and its associated characteristics among Brazilian women: cross-sectional results from ELSI-Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the median age at natural menopause and analyze lifestyle, anthropometric, and dietary characteristics associated with the age at natural menopause among Brazilian women. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 2,731 women 50 years and over, drawn from the baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil, 2015/16). Nonparametric Kaplan-Meier cumulative survivorship estimates were used to assess the median timing of natural menopause. Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to estimate the associations between age at natural menopause and exposure variables. RESULTS: The overall median age at natural menopause was 50 years. In the adjusted Cox model, current smoking (hazard ratio [HR], 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01-1.23) and underweight (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.12-1.61) were associated with earlier natural menopause. Conversely, performing recommended levels of physical activity in the last week (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.97), being overweight (HR 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74-0.99), and adhering to two or three healthy eating markers (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66-0.97; HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61-0.94, respectively) were associated with later age at natural menopause. Binge drinking and waist circumference were not associated with age at natural menopause. CONCLUSIONS: Lifestyle, anthropometric, and dietary characteristics are significant factors that affect the age at natural menopause. Our findings can contribute to public policies targeted at Brazilian women's health.

Hospitalizations in older adults from the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais, Brazil: data from the Unified Health System, 2016­2018

Introduction: The growing older population increases proportionately the demand for hospital care due to the increase in health problems. Objective: To estimate the prevalence and incidence of hospitalizations, and to investigate associated factors in older adults from the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 2016-2018. Secondly, to provide a more comprehensive epidemiological overview of hospitalizations, the following were estimated: monthly hospitalization rate; hospital mortality rate; frequency of hospitalizations according to diagnosis, hospitalizations for conditions sensitive to primary care and in-hospital death; and hospital costs. Methods: This is an ecological and descriptive-analytic study. Data were obtained from the Brazilian Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS). Results: The prevalence of hospitalizations was 35.1% (31.2% in women and 39.7% in men). The monthly rate of hospitalizations was higher in older men when compared with older women (Rate-Ratio=1.35 [95% CI=1.27-1.43]) and adult men between 40­59 years (Rate Ratio=2.42 [95% CI=2.26-2.58]). The cumulative incidence of hospitalization was 144/1,000 older persons (125/1,000 women and 169/1,000 men). Factors significantly associated with hospitalizations were: male sex (PR=1.52 [95% CI=1.11-2.08]); hospitalization in surgical bed (PR=1.93 [95% CI=1.05-3.56]); absence of death (PR=1.94 [95% CI=1.03-3.65]); and hospital stay ≥15 days (PR=0.71 [95% CI=0.54 0.95]). The cost of hospitalizations was R$ 220,8 million (mean of R$ 201,700/day). Conclusion: The findings strengthen the need for preventive healthcare for the older population living in the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais and alert managers to the substantial socioeconomic impact of hospitalizations.

Waste to protein: A systematic review of a century of advancement in microbial fermentation of agro-industrial byproducts.

Increasing global consumption of protein over the last five decades, coupled with concerns about the impact on emissions of animal-based protein production, has created interest in alternative protein sources. Microbial proteins (MPs), derived through the fermentation of agro-industrial byproducts, present a promising option. This review assesses a century of advancements in this domain. We conducted a comprehensive review and meta-analysis, examining 347 relevant research papers to identify trends, technological advancements, and key influencing factors in the production of MP. The analysis covered the types of feedstocks and microbes, fermentation methods, and the implications of nucleic acid content on the food-grade quality of proteins. A conditional inference tree model and Bayesian factor were used to ascertain the impact of various parameters on protein content. Out of all the studied parameters, such as type of feedstock (lignocellulose, free sugars, gases, and others), type of fermentation (solid, liquid, gas), type of microbe (bacteria, fungi, yeast, and mix), and operating parameters (temperature, time, and pH), the type of fermentation and microbe were identified as the largest influences on protein content. Gas and liquid fermentation demonstrated higher protein content, averaging 52% and 42%, respectively. Among microbes, bacterial species produced a higher protein content of 51%. The suitable operating parameters, such as pH, time, and temperature, were also identified for different microbes. The results point to opportunities for continued innovation in feedstock, microbes, and regulatory alignment to fully realize the potential of MP in contributing to global food security and sustainability goals.

Association between self-perception of the neighborhood environment and sleep problems in older Brazilian adults: findings from ELSI-Brazil.

This study aimed to investigate associations between neighborhood perception and sleep problems in older Brazilian adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 5,719 community-dwelling older adults (≥ 60 years) from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil, 2019-2021). The outcomes were self-reported sleep problems: poor sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, primary insomnia complaints, difficulty staying asleep, and waking up at dawn. The exposure variables were questions about the perception of participants about the physical and social environment of the neighborhood. Logistic regression was used in data analysis. Garbage, rubbish, or tall grass on the streets and the desire to move were associated with higher odds of poor sleep quality. Concern about falling due to damaged sidewalks, concern about having difficulties taking transportation, and concern about having difficulties crossing the street were associated with higher odds of all sleep problems. Sound/noise of buses and cars was associated with higher odds of some sleep problems. Perceiving the neighborhood as a good place to live was associated with lower odds of daytime sleepiness and primary insomnia complaints. Trusting most people in the neighborhood and perceiving that kids and younger people treat adults with respect were associated with lower odds of daytime sleepiness, primary insomnia complaints, and waking up at dawn. Being a good place for kids to play and raise teenagers was associated with lower odds of daytime sleepiness. These results can assist public administrators in creating urban planning policies aimed at improving neighborhood environments as a means of health promotion.

Globe-LFMC 2.0, an enhanced and updated dataset for live fuel moisture content research.

Globe-LFMC 2.0, an updated version of Globe-LFMC, is a comprehensive dataset of over 280,000 Live Fuel Moisture Content (LFMC) measurements. These measurements were gathered through field campaigns conducted in 15 countries spanning 47 years. In contrast to its prior version, Globe-LFMC 2.0 incorporates over 120,000 additional data entries, introduces more than 800 new sampling sites, and comprises LFMC values obtained from samples collected until the calendar year 2023. Each entry within the dataset provides essential information, including date, geographical coordinates, plant species, functional type, and, where available, topographical details. Moreover, the dataset encompasses insights into the sampling and weighing procedures, as well as information about land cover type and meteorological conditions at the time and location of each sampling event. Globe-LFMC 2.0 can facilitate advanced LFMC research, supporting studies on wildfire behaviour, physiological traits, ecological dynamics, and land surface modelling, whether remote sensing-based or otherwise. This dataset represents a valuable resource for researchers exploring the diverse LFMC aspects, contributing to the broader field of environmental and ecological research.

Worldwide prevalence of sleep problems in community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The understanding of the prevalence of sleep problems in older adults can provide a broad and reliable perspective into the occurrence of such issues among older adults. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the worldwide prevalence of sleep problems in community-dwelling older adults. Studies that provide information on the prevalence of sleep problems in community-dwelling older adults (≥60 years) were screened between December 2022 and March 2023. A total of 20,379 studies were identified in database searches, from which 252 were included in this review. These studies covered the last 35 years (from 1988 to 2023) and pooled a sample of 995,544 participants from 36 countries. The most frequent sleep problem worldwide was obstructive sleep apnea (46.0%), followed by poor sleep quality (40.0%), other sleep problems (37.0%), insomnia (29.0%), and excessive daytime sleepiness (19.0%). No significant difference in the prevalence estimates of all sleep problems was observed between the sexes. This systematic review and meta-analysis showed a high prevalence of some sleep problems, mainly obstructive sleep apnea, poor sleep quality, and other sleep problems. Our estimates can be useful for managers and policymakers in planning healthcare strategies for sleep problems aimed at the older population.

Seasonal and circadian variation of non-volatile metabolites in Lippia alba leaves.

The present study describes the seasonal and circadian variations of the major compounds from Lippia alba leaves. SPSS was used to identify, quantify, and associate the variations in the secondary metabolites of this species through HPLC/DAD analysis of the leaves hydroethanolic extracts of six selected L. alba specimens. For the circadian study, the samples were collected at four different daily hours in each year's season. For the seasonal study, the samples were collected monthly from the same individuals for two consecutive years (2018 and 2019). These samples were analyzed and quantified using a validated HPLC method for flavonoids, iridoids, and phenyl ethanoid glycoside. Mussaenoside, acteoside, and tricin-7-O-diglucuronide showed a moderate positive correlation between their biosynthesis and the precipitation index, while epi-loganin had a moderate negative correlation. Acteoside showed a moderate positive correlation between the minimum registered temperature and its production. Compared with previous studies, a drastic reduction (about 95%) in the production of tricin-7-O-diglucuronide compared with previous study and this difference could be attributed to the plant's aging. Thus, the data demonstrated that lower temperatures and high rainfall could favor the production of the major L. alba active compounds (acteoside and tricin-7-O-diglucuronide) and that older plants harm their production.

Association between sleep problems and functional disability in community-dwelling older adults.

BACKGROUND: Sleep problems are frequently observed in older adults. They can lead to changes in the individual's physical, occupational, cognitive, and social functioning, compromising the performance of activities of daily living and contributing to the occurrence of functional disability. This study evaluated the association between sleep problems and functional disability in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with data from 10,507 Brazilian community-dwelling older adults participating in the 2013 National Health Survey. The exposure variable was self-reported sleep problems in the last two weeks. The outcome measure was functional disability assessed from self-reported questionnaires, categorized into basic activities of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and defined as not being able to perform or having little or a lot of difficulty in at least one of the activities investigated in the domain of interest. RESULTS: Older adults who reported sleep problems had 1.53 (95%CI: 1.34; 1.75) and 1.42 (95%CI: 1.26; 1.59) greater odds of having a disability in BADL and IADL when compared to individuals who reported having no sleep problems. CONCLUSIONS: Older adults with sleep problems were more likely to have a functional disability, both in BADL and IADL. Thus, it is important to implement strategies to screen for sleep problems in older adults in primary health care as a preventive strategy for functional disability.

[Sociodemographic characteristics associated with underweight and overweight in adults aged 50 years and over (ELSI-Brasil): differences between sexes]. / Características sociodemográficas associadas ao baixo peso e ao excesso de peso em adultos com 50 anos ou mais (ELSI-Brasil): diferenças entre sexos.

The objective were to describe the prevalence of underweight and overweight, assessed by body mass index (BMI), stratified by sex and age group, and to analyze the sociodemographic characteristics associated with BMI in older women and men. This is a cross-sectional analysis of 8,974 participants aged ≥ 50 years from the baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brasil, 2015-2016). BMI was classified as underweight, eutrophy, and overweight according to the participant's age. A multinomial logistic regression model was used, considering the sociodemographic characteristics of women and men. The results showed a higher prevalence of overweight in women compared to men (64.1% vs. 57.3%). In both sexes, the prevalence of underweight was higher in the longest-lived individuals, while overweight was lower. In women, the chance of underweight was higher than the chance of eutrophy in those who were single/widowed/divorced (OR = 1.95; 95%CI: 1.42-2.66) and in those living in rural areas (OR = 1.58; 95%CI: 1.01-2.49), while the chance of being overweight was lower than the chance of being eutrophy in those living in rural areas (OR = 0.78; 95%CI: 0.62-0.97) and in all geographic macro-regions related to the South Region. For men, the chance of being overweight was lower than the chance of being eutrophy among single/widowed/divorced individuals (OR = 0.58; 95%CI: 0.48-0.69). The richest had a lower chance of being underweight (OR = 0.59; 95%CI: 0.38-0.90), as well as a higher chance of being overweight (OR = 1.52; 95%CI: 1.20-1.92). In conclusion, the sociodemographic characteristics associated with BMI differed between the sexes.

Os objetivos foram descrever a prevalência de baixo peso e excesso de peso, avaliados pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC), estratificada por sexo e faixa etária, e analisar as características sociodemográficas associadas ao IMC em mulheres e homens mais velhos. Trata-se de uma análise transversal de 8.974 participantes com ≥ 50 anos da linha de base do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros (ELSI-Brasil, 2015-16). O IMC foi classificado em baixo peso, eutrofia e excesso de peso de acordo com a idade do participante. Foi utilizado modelo de regressão logística multinominal, considerando-se as características sociodemográficas de mulheres e homens. Os resultados evidenciaram maior prevalência de excesso de peso nas mulheres em comparação aos homens (64,1% vs. 57,3%). Em ambos os sexos, a prevalência de baixo peso foi maior nos mais longevos, enquanto que o excesso de peso foi menor. Nas mulheres, a chance de baixo peso foi maior do que a chance de eutrofia naquelas solteiras/viúvas/divorciadas (OR = 1,95; IC95%: 1,42-2,66) e nas residentes na área rural (OR = 1,58; IC95%: 1,01-2,49), ao passo que a chance de excesso de peso foi menor do que a chance de eutrofia nas residentes na área rural (OR = 0,78; IC95%: 0,62-0,97) e em todas as macrorregiões geográficas relativas à Região Sul. Para os homens, a chance de excesso de peso foi menor do que a chance de eutrofia entre solteiros/viúvos/divorciados (OR = 0,58; IC95%: 0,48-0,69). Os mais ricos apresentaram menor chance de baixo peso (OR = 0,59; IC95%: 0,38-0,90), bem como maior chance de excesso de peso (OR = 1,52; IC95%: 1,20-1,92). Em conclusão, as características sociodemográficas associadas ao IMC diferiram entre os sexos.

Los objetivos fueron describir la prevalencia de bajo peso y sobrepeso, evaluados a través del índice de masa corporal (IMC), estratificada por sexo y grupo de edad, y analizar las características sociodemográficas asociadas al IMC en mujeres y hombres mayores. Se trata de un análisis transversal de 8.974 participantes con ≥ 50 años de la línea de base del Estudio Longitudinal Brasileño sobre el Envejecimiento (ELSI-Brasil, 2015-2016). Se clasificó el IMC en bajo peso, eutrofia y sobrepeso conforme la edad del participante. Se utilizó el modelo de regresión logística multinomial, teniendo en cuenta las características sociodemográficas de mujeres y hombres. Los resultados evidenciaron una prevalencia más alta de sobrepeso en las mujeres en comparación con los hombres (64,1% vs. 57,3%). En ambos sexos, la prevalencia de bajo peso fue más alta en los grupos de mayor edad, mientras que la prevalencia del sobrepeso fue menor. La chance de bajo peso fue más alta que la chance de eutrofia en las mujeres solteras/viudas/divorciadas (OR = 1,95; IC95%: 1,42-2,66) y en las que viven en el área rural (OR = 1,58; IC95%: 1,01-2,49), mientras que la chance de sobrepeso fue menor que la chance de eutrofia en las que viven en el área rural (OR = 0,78; IC95%: 0,62-0,97) y en todas las macrorregiones geográficas relacionadas a la región Sur. La chance de sobrepeso fue menor que la chance de eutrofia entre los hombres solteros/viudos/divorciados (OR = 0,58; IC95%: 0,48-0,69). Los más ricos presentaron una chance menor de bajo peso (OR = 0,59; IC95%: 0,38-0,90), así como una chance más alta de sobrepeso (OR = 1,52; IC95%: 1,20-1,92). En conclusión, las características sociodemográficas asociadas al IMC difirieron entre los sexos.

Características sociodemográficas associadas ao baixo peso e ao excesso de peso em adultos com 50 anos ou mais (ELSI-Brasil): diferenças entre sexos / Sociodemographic characteristics associated with underweight and overweight in adults aged 50 years and over (ELSI-Brasil): differences between sexes / Características sociodemográficas asociadas al bajo peso y al sobrepeso en adultos de 50 años o más (ELSI-Brasil): diferencias entre sexos

Os objetivos foram descrever a prevalência de baixo peso e excesso de peso, avaliados pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC), estratificada por sexo e faixa etária, e analisar as características sociodemográficas associadas ao IMC em mulheres e homens mais velhos. Trata-se de uma análise transversal de 8.974 participantes com ≥ 50 anos da linha de base do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros (ELSI-Brasil, 2015-16). O IMC foi classificado em baixo peso, eutrofia e excesso de peso de acordo com a idade do participante. Foi utilizado modelo de regressão logística multinominal, considerando-se as características sociodemográficas de mulheres e homens. Os resultados evidenciaram maior prevalência de excesso de peso nas mulheres em comparação aos homens (64,1% vs. 57,3%). Em ambos os sexos, a prevalência de baixo peso foi maior nos mais longevos, enquanto que o excesso de peso foi menor. Nas mulheres, a chance de baixo peso foi maior do que a chance de eutrofia naquelas solteiras/viúvas/divorciadas (OR = 1,95; IC95%: 1,42-2,66) e nas residentes na área rural (OR = 1,58; IC95%: 1,01-2,49), ao passo que a chance de excesso de peso foi menor do que a chance de eutrofia nas residentes na área rural (OR = 0,78; IC95%: 0,62-0,97) e em todas as macrorregiões geográficas relativas à Região Sul. Para os homens, a chance de excesso de peso foi menor do que a chance de eutrofia entre solteiros/viúvos/divorciados (OR = 0,58; IC95%: 0,48-0,69). Os mais ricos apresentaram menor chance de baixo peso (OR = 0,59; IC95%: 0,38-0,90), bem como maior chance de excesso de peso (OR = 1,52; IC95%: 1,20-1,92). Em conclusão, as características sociodemográficas associadas ao IMC diferiram entre os sexos.

The objective were to describe the prevalence of underweight and overweight, assessed by body mass index (BMI), stratified by sex and age group, and to analyze the sociodemographic characteristics associated with BMI in older women and men. This is a cross-sectional analysis of 8,974 participants aged ≥ 50 years from the baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brasil, 2015-2016). BMI was classified as underweight, eutrophy, and overweight according to the participant's age. A multinomial logistic regression model was used, considering the sociodemographic characteristics of women and men. The results showed a higher prevalence of overweight in women compared to men (64.1% vs. 57.3%). In both sexes, the prevalence of underweight was higher in the longest-lived individuals, while overweight was lower. In women, the chance of underweight was higher than the chance of eutrophy in those who were single/widowed/divorced (OR = 1.95; 95%CI: 1.42-2.66) and in those living in rural areas (OR = 1.58; 95%CI: 1.01-2.49), while the chance of being overweight was lower than the chance of being eutrophy in those living in rural areas (OR = 0.78; 95%CI: 0.62-0.97) and in all geographic macro-regions related to the South Region. For men, the chance of being overweight was lower than the chance of being eutrophy among single/widowed/divorced individuals (OR = 0.58; 95%CI: 0.48-0.69). The richest had a lower chance of being underweight (OR = 0.59; 95%CI: 0.38-0.90), as well as a higher chance of being overweight (OR = 1.52; 95%CI: 1.20-1.92). In conclusion, the sociodemographic characteristics associated with BMI differed between the sexes.

Los objetivos fueron describir la prevalencia de bajo peso y sobrepeso, evaluados a través del índice de masa corporal (IMC), estratificada por sexo y grupo de edad, y analizar las características sociodemográficas asociadas al IMC en mujeres y hombres mayores. Se trata de un análisis transversal de 8.974 participantes con ≥ 50 años de la línea de base del Estudio Longitudinal Brasileño sobre el Envejecimiento (ELSI-Brasil, 2015-2016). Se clasificó el IMC en bajo peso, eutrofia y sobrepeso conforme la edad del participante. Se utilizó el modelo de regresión logística multinomial, teniendo en cuenta las características sociodemográficas de mujeres y hombres. Los resultados evidenciaron una prevalencia más alta de sobrepeso en las mujeres en comparación con los hombres (64,1% vs. 57,3%). En ambos sexos, la prevalencia de bajo peso fue más alta en los grupos de mayor edad, mientras que la prevalencia del sobrepeso fue menor. La chance de bajo peso fue más alta que la chance de eutrofia en las mujeres solteras/viudas/divorciadas (OR = 1,95; IC95%: 1,42-2,66) y en las que viven en el área rural (OR = 1,58; IC95%: 1,01-2,49), mientras que la chance de sobrepeso fue menor que la chance de eutrofia en las que viven en el área rural (OR = 0,78; IC95%: 0,62-0,97) y en todas las macrorregiones geográficas relacionadas a la región Sur. La chance de sobrepeso fue menor que la chance de eutrofia entre los hombres solteros/viudos/divorciados (OR = 0,58; IC95%: 0,48-0,69). Los más ricos presentaron una chance menor de bajo peso (OR = 0,59; IC95%: 0,38-0,90), así como una chance más alta de sobrepeso (OR = 1,52; IC95%: 1,20-1,92). En conclusión, las características sociodemográficas asociadas al IMC difirieron entre los sexos.

Factors associated with fear of falling in older women with knee osteoarthritis: A cross-sectional study.

Knee instability in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is associated with fear of falling (FoF). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the factors associated with FoF in older women with KOA. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 93 older women with KOA. Sociodemographic variables, medical conditions, handgrip strength, and anthropometric and body composition measurements were assessed. The Short Physical Performance Battery was used to measure functional performance. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index was applied to assess pain, stiffness, and disability. FoF was assessed by the Falls Efficacy Scale-International. The prevalence of FoF was high (88.2 %). Disability, history of falls, handgrip strength, obesity, number of medications, and pain were independently associated with FoF. Our findings suggest that health professionals should investigate FoF when evaluating older women with KOA and address these risk factors when developing strategies to prevent or minimize FoF in this population.

Association between self-perception of the neighborhood environment and sleep problems in older Brazilian adults: findings from ELSI-Brazil / Associação entre autopercepção do ambiente da vizinhança e problemas de sono em idosos brasileiros: resultados do ELSI-Brasil / Asociación entre la autopercepción del entorno del vecindario y los problemas de sueño en ancianos brasileños: resultados del ELSI-Brasil

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate associations between neighborhood perception and sleep problems in older Brazilian adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 5,719 community-dwelling older adults (≥ 60 years) from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil, 2019-2021). The outcomes were self-reported sleep problems: poor sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, primary insomnia complaints, difficulty staying asleep, and waking up at dawn. The exposure variables were questions about the perception of participants about the physical and social environment of the neighborhood. Logistic regression was used in data analysis. Garbage, rubbish, or tall grass on the streets and the desire to move were associated with higher odds of poor sleep quality. Concern about falling due to damaged sidewalks, concern about having difficulties taking transportation, and concern about having difficulties crossing the street were associated with higher odds of all sleep problems. Sound/noise of buses and cars was associated with higher odds of some sleep problems. Perceiving the neighborhood as a good place to live was associated with lower odds of daytime sleepiness and primary insomnia complaints. Trusting most people in the neighborhood and perceiving that kids and younger people treat adults with respect were associated with lower odds of daytime sleepiness, primary insomnia complaints, and waking up at dawn. Being a good place for kids to play and raise teenagers was associated with lower odds of daytime sleepiness. These results can assist public administrators in creating urban planning policies aimed at improving neighborhood environments as a means of health promotion.

Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar associações entre percepções da vizinhança e problemas de sono em idosos brasileiros. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 5.719 idosos da comunidade (≥ 60 anos) do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros (ELSI-Brasil, 2019-2021). Os desfechos foram problemas de sono autorreferidos: má qualidade do sono, sonolência diurna, queixas de insônia primária, dificuldade em manter o sono e acordar na madrugada. As variáveis de exposição foram: questões sobre a percepção dos participantes sobre o ambiente físico e social da vizinhança. Regressão logística foi utilizada na análise dos dados. Lixo, sujeira ou grama alta nas ruas e o desejo de mudar de onde mora foram associados a maiores chances de má qualidade do sono. Preocupação em cair devido a calçadas em má condição, preocupação com dificuldades para usar os meios de transporte e preocupação com dificuldades para atravessar a rua foram associadas a maiores chances de todos os problemas de sono. O som/ruído dos ônibus e carros foi associado a maiores chances de alguns problemas de sono. A percepção da vizinhança como um bom lugar para morar foi associado a menores chances de sonolência diurna e queixas de insônia primária. A confiança na maioria das pessoas da vizinhança e a percepção de que crianças e jovens tratam os adultos com respeito foram associados a menores chances de sonolência diurna, queixas de insônia primária e acordar na madrugada. Um bom lugar para as crianças brincarem e para os adolescentes crescerem foi associado a menores chances de sonolência diurna. Esses resultados podem ajudar os gestores públicos na criação de políticas de planejamento urbano voltadas a melhorias nos ambientes da vizinhança como forma de promoção da saúde.

Resumen: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las asociaciones entre las percepcion del vecindario y los problemas de sueño en ancianos brasileños. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 5.719 ancianos de la comunidad (≥ 60 años) del Estudio Longitudinal de Salud de los Ancianos Brasileños (ELSI-Brasil, 2019-2021). Los desenlaces fueron los siguientes: problemas de sueño autoinformados: mala calidad del sueño, somnolencia diurna, quejas de insomnio primario, dificultad para permanecer dormido y despertarse durante la madrugada. Las variables de exposición fueron las siguientes: preguntas sobre la percepción de los participantes sobre el entorno físico y social del vecindario. En el análisis de datos se utilizó la regresión logística. La basura, la suciedad o el césped alto en las calles y el deseo de cambiar el lugar donde viven se asociaron con mayores probabilidades de tener una mala calidad del sueño. La preocupación por las caídas debido a aceras en mal estado, la preocupación por las dificultades para utilizar los medios de transporte y la preocupación por las dificultades para cruzar la calle se asociaron con mayores probabilidades de sufrir todos los problemas de sueño. El ruido producido por los autobuses y automóviles se asoció con una mayor probabilidad de sufrir algunos problemas de sueño. La percepción del vecindario como un buen lugar para vivir se asoció con menores probabilidades de sufrir somnolencia diurna y quejas de insomnio primario. La confianza en la mayoría de la gente del vecindario y la percepción de que los niños y jóvenes tratan a los adultos con respeto se asociaron con menores probabilidades de sufrir somnolencia diurna, quejas de insomnio primario y despertarse durante la madrugada. Un buen lugar para que los niños jugaran y para que los adolescentes crecieran se asoció con menores probabilidades de sufrir somnolencia diurna. Estos resultados pueden ayudar a los gestores públicos a crear políticas de planificación urbana dirigidas a mejorar los entornos vecinales como forma de promover la salud.

Unraveling the genome of Bacillus velezensis MEP218, a strain producing fengycin homologs with broad antibacterial activity: comprehensive comparative genome analysis.

Bacillus sp. MEP218, a soil bacterium with high potential as a source of bioactive molecules, produces mostly C16-C17 fengycin and other cyclic lipopeptides (CLP) when growing under previously optimized culture conditions. This work addressed the elucidation of the genome sequence of MEP218 and its taxonomic classification. The genome comprises 3,944,892 bp, with a total of 3474 coding sequences and a G + C content of 46.59%. Our phylogenetic analysis to determine the taxonomic position demonstrated that the assignment of the MEP218 strain to Bacillus velezensis species provides insights into its evolutionary context and potential functional attributes. The in silico genome analysis revealed eleven gene clusters involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites, including non-ribosomal CLP (fengycins and surfactin), polyketides, terpenes, and bacteriocins. Furthermore, genes encoding phytase, involved in the release of phytic phosphate for plant and animal nutrition, or other enzymes such as cellulase, xylanase, and alpha 1-4 glucanase were detected. In vitro antagonistic assays against Salmonella typhimurium, Acinetobacter baumanii, Escherichia coli, among others, demonstrated a broad spectrum of C16-C17 fengycin produced by MEP218. MEP218 genome sequence analysis expanded our understanding of the diversity and genetic relationships within the Bacillus genus and updated the Bacillus databases with its unique trait to produce antibacterial fengycins and its potential as a resource of biotechnologically useful enzymes.

LOW BACK PAIN ESTIMATES IN PROFESSIONAL SOCCER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS.

Objective: To evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of low back pain (LBP) in adult professional soccer players. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Results: The review included 44 studies. The pooled prevalence of LBP during ≤ 1 season was 1% (95%CI = 0-4%) in men. The pooled point prevalence of LBP was 25% (95%CI = 16-36%) in men and 28% (95%CI = 20-37%) in women. The pooled past-year prevalence of LBP was 34% (95%CI = 24-44%) in men. The pooled lifetime prevalence of LBP was 32% (95%CI = 25-39%) in men and 50% (95%CI = 32-69%) in women. The pooled frequency of LBP/total number of injuries was 2% (95%CI = 1-3%) in men and 4% (95%CI = 2-5%) in women. The pooled incidence rate of LBP/1,000 player-hours of exposure was 0.30 (95%CI = 0.17- 0.53) in men and 0.32 (95%CI = 0.06 -1.87) in women. The recurrence of LBP ranged from 3% to 63% in men. The intensity of LBP ranged from 1.68 (2.39) to 4.87 (2.14) points on a 0-10 scale (minimum = 0 and maximum = 8 points). The severity of LBP (days absent from professional activities due to pain) ranged from 2 (0) to 10 (19) days (minimum = 1 and maximum = 28 days). Conclusion: Adult elite soccer players have a substantial prevalence of LBP. The frequency and incidence of LBP (compared with other conditions and sports) seems to be low. Estimates of the recurrence, intensity, and severity of LBP are uncertain. Level of Evidence II, Systematic Review of Level II Studies.

Objetivo: Investigar as características epidemiológicas e clínicas da lombalgia em jogadores profissionais de futebol. Métodos: Revisão sistemática e metanálise. Resultados: A revisão incluiu 44 estudos. A prevalência combinada de lombalgia em até uma temporada foi de 1% (IC95% = 0-4%) em homens. A prevalência pontual combinada de lombalgia foi de 25% (IC95% = 16-36%) em homens e 28% (IC95% = 20-37%) em mulheres. A prevalência combinada de lombalgia no último ano foi de 34% (IC95% = 24-44%) em homens. A prevalência combinada de lombalgia ao longo da vida foi de 32%(IC95% = 25-39%) em homens e 50% (IC95% = 32-69%) em mulheres. A frequência combinada de lombalgia/número total de lesões foi de 2% (IC95% = 1-3%) em homens e 4% (IC95% = 2-5%) em mulheres. A taxa de incidência combinada de lombalgia/1.000 jogador-horas de exposição foi de 0,30 (IC95% = 0,17-0,53) em homens e 0,32 (IC95% = 0,06-1,87) em mulheres. A recorrência de lombalgia variou entre 3-63% em homens. A intensidade da lombalgia variou entre 1,68 (2,39)-4,87 (2,14) pontos em uma escala de 0-10 (mínimo = 0; máximo = 8 pontos). A gravidade da lombalgia (ausência das atividades profissionais devido à dor) variou entre 2 (0)-10 (19) dias (mínimo = 1; máximo = 28 dias). Conclusão: Jogadores de futebol profissional apresentam alta prevalência de lombalgia substancial. A frequência e a incidência da lombalgia parecem ser baixas comparadas a outros esportes e condições. As estimativas de recorrência, intensidade e gravidade da lombalgia são incertas. Nível de Evidência II, Revisão Sistemática de Estudos de Nível II.

A nationwide study on sleep complaints and associated factors in older adults: ELSI-Brazil.

Sleep problems, such as difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, early awakening with failure to continue sleep, and altered sleep-wake cycle, are common in the general population. This cross-sectional study with 6,929 older adults (≥ 60 years) aimed to estimate the prevalence of different types of sleep problems, their associated factors, and the population-attributable fraction of associated factors among older adults. The outcome variables consisted of self-reported sleep problems: insomnia (initial, intermediate, late, and any type of insomnia), poor sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness. The independent variables were sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and health conditions. The prevalence proportions were initial insomnia (49.1%), intermediate insomnia (49.2%), late insomnia (45.9%), any type of insomnia (58.6%), poor sleep quality (15.6%), and daytime sleepiness (38.4%). Female sex, presence of two or more chronic diseases, not eating the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables, and regular and bad/very bad self-rated health were positively associated with the sleep problems investigated. Consuming alcohol once a month or more was inversely associated with initial insomnia. Population attributable fraction estimates ranged from 3% to 19% considering two or more chronic diseases, not eating the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables, and regular and bad/very bad self-rated health. High prevalence of self-reported sleep problems was evinced in older adults. These results can be useful to guide public health services in the creation of informational, evaluative, and screening strategies for sleep problems in older Brazilian adults.

GET_PANGENES: calling pangenes from plant genome alignments confirms presence-absence variation.

Crop pangenomes made from individual cultivar assemblies promise easy access to conserved genes, but genome content variability and inconsistent identifiers hamper their exploration. To address this, we define pangenes, which summarize a species coding potential and link back to original annotations. The protocol get_pangenes performs whole genome alignments (WGA) to call syntenic gene models based on coordinate overlaps. A benchmark with small and large plant genomes shows that pangenes recapitulate phylogeny-based orthologies and produce complete soft-core gene sets. Moreover, WGAs support lift-over and help confirm gene presence-absence variation. Source code and documentation: https://github.com/Ensembl/plant-scripts .

Diversity of gene expression responses to light quality in barley.

Light quality influence on barley development is poorly understood. We exposed three barley genotypes with either sensitive or insensitive response to two light sources producing different light spectra, fluorescent bulbs, and metal halide lamps, keeping constant light intensity, duration, and temperature. Through RNA-seq, we identified the main genes and pathways involved in the genotypic responses. A first analysis identified genotypic differences in gene expression of development-related genes, including photoreceptors and flowering time genes. Genes from the vernalization pathway of light quality-sensitive genotypes were affected by fluorescent light. In particular, vernalization-related repressors reacted differently: HvVRN2 did not experience relevant changes, whereas HvOS2 expression increased under fluorescent light. To identify the genes primarily related to light quality responses, and avoid the confounding effect of plant developmental stage, genes influenced by development were masked in a second analysis. Quantitative expression levels of PPD-H1, which influenced HvVRN1 and HvFT1, explained genotypic differences in development. Upstream mechanisms (light signaling and circadian clock) were also altered, but no specific genes linking photoreceptors and the photoperiod pathway were identified. The variety of light-quality sensitivities reveals the presence of possible mechanisms of adaptation of winter and facultative barley to latitudinal variation in light quality, which deserves further research.

Physical and social neighborhood disorder in Latin American cities: a scoping review. / Desordem física e social da vizinhança em cidades da América Latina: revisão de escopo.

Neighborhood disorder is an important aspect that may influence the health of residents in urban areas. The aims of this study were to map and systematize methods for measuring physical and social neighborhood disorder in studies conducted in Latin American cities. By means of a scoping review, articles published from 2000 in English, Spanish, and Portuguese with the following descriptors were mapped: neighborhood, physical disorder, and social disorder. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS (Virtual Health Library), Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Information on authorship, year, study type, locality, data source, target population, outcome, dominion, indicator, method, geographic unit, and unit of analysis was extracted. Variables from the disorder-related studies were extracted and grouped by similarity of content and themes. A total of 22 articles were identified, all published between 2012 and 2022, the majority in Brazil (n = 16). The perception of the individual was the most used method. The most frequent theme addressed in the physical disorder dominion was public streets (n = 20) and security (n = 15), in the social disorder dominion. A lack of consensus in the literature regarding variables used to measure physical and social neighborhood disorder in Latin American cities was detected. In addition to the need for standardization of the theme, studies to verify the sustainability of proposed measurement methods relevant to dynamically classify and compare urban neighborhoods and health impacts based on levels of exposure to physical and social disorder, are recommended.

A desordem da vizinhança é um importante aspecto que pode impactar a saúde de residentes em áreas urbanas. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram mapear e sistematizar os métodos de mensuração da desordem física e social na vizinhança em estudos realizados em cidades da América Latina. Por meio de revisão de escopo, foram mapeados artigos publicados a partir do ano 2000 em inglês, espanhol e português com os seguintes descritores: vizinhança, desordem física e desordem social. As buscas foram realizadas no MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde), Scopus, Web of Science e Biblioteca Cochrane. Foram extraídas informações sobre autoria, ano, tipo de estudo, local, fonte de dados, população-alvo, desfecho, domínio, indicador, método, unidade geográfica e unidade de análise. As variáveis dos estudos relacionadas à desordem foram extraídas e agrupadas pela similaridade dos conteúdos e temas. Foram identificados 22 artigos, publicados entre 2012 e 2022, sendo a maioria do Brasil (n = 16). A percepção do indivíduo foi o método mais utilizado. O tema mais frequentemente abordado no domínio da desordem física foi vias públicas (n = 20), enquanto no domínio social foi segurança (n = 15). Detectou-se ausência de consenso na literatura quanto às variáveis utilizadas para aferir a desordem física e social da vizinhança em cidades da América Latina. Além da necessidade de padronização do tema, recomendam-se estudos que verifiquem a sustentabilidade de métodos de mensuração propostos, relevantes para classificar e comparar, de forma dinâmica, vizinhanças urbanas e os impactos na saúde com base nos níveis de exposição à desordem física e social.

El desorden del vecindario es un aspecto importante que puede influir en la salud de los residentes en áreas urbanas. Los objetivos fueron mapear y sistematizar los métodos de medición del desorden físico y social en el vecindario en estudios realizados en ciudades de América Latina. Por medio de una revisión de alcance, fueron mapeados artículos publicados a partir del año 2000 en inglés, español y portugués, que poseían los siguientes descriptores: vecindario, desorden físico y desorden social. Las búsquedas se realizaron en MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS (Biblioteca Virtual en Salud), Scopus, Web of Science y Librería Cochrane. Se extrajeron informaciones sobre la autoría, el año, el tipo de estudio, la ubicación, la fuente de datos, la población objetivo, el resultado, el dominio, el indicador, el método, la unidad geográfica y la unidad de análisis. Las variables de los estudios relacionados con el desorden fueron extraídas y agrupadas por la similitud de los contenidos y temas. Fueron identificados 22 artículos, todos publicados entre 2012 y 2022, siendo la mayoría de Brasil (n = 16). La percepción del individuo fue el método más utilizado. El tema más frecuente abordado en el ámbito del desorden físico fue el de las vías públicas (n = 20) y seguridad (n = 15), en lo social. Se detectó una falta de consenso en la literatura en cuanto a las variables utilizadas para medir el desorden físico y social del vecindario en ciudades de América Latina. Además de la necesidad de estandarización del tema, se recomiendan estudios que verifiquen la sostenibilidad de los métodos de medición propuestos, relevantes para clasificar y comparar, de forma dinámica, los vecindarios urbanos y los impactos en la salud con base en niveles de exposición a desorden físico y social.