Gastrointestinal parasites of wild carnivores from conservation institutions in the Cerrado of Goiás, Brazil.

Increased interaction between wild and urban environments owing to human population growth, increased anthropization of biomes, and habitat loss for wild animals increases the spread of infectious and parasitic agents. The present study reports on the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in carnivorous mammals at two conservation institutions in the state of Goiás, Brazil. Fecal samples from 39 adult carnivores were collected after spontaneous defecation and analyzed by flotation and sedimentation. The structure and management data of each institution were recorded. Parasitism prevalence, binomial confidence intervals (CI) at 95%, variables associated with the presence of contact animals, size of the enclosure and type of food were recorded. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in the samples analyzed was 71.8% (CI 55.1-83.0; 28/39). Ancylostomatidae, Toxocara spp., Toxascaris leonina, Strongyloides spp., Calodium hepaticum, and Trematoda eggs, and Cystoisospora spp. oocysts were detected. Environmental conditions were not correlated with parasitism prevalence; however, the parasites found could be managed, considering their biology, such as controlling synanthropic and domestic animals in captivity, feeding with healthy feed.

Occurrence of ESBL-producing avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates in spiced chicken meat in Goias, Brazil.

Some extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates (ExPEC), obtained from humans and chickens avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), share similar virulence genes. Thus, products of avian origin can be a source of human infection. Moreover, these APEC isolates are resistant to antimicrobials and can spread in the environment through the chicken feces. Although the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms in poultry is on the rise, healthcare entities have raised concerns since MDRs can horizontally transfer resistance genes to other microorganisms and complicate the management of human infections by MDR APEC. The results of our study showed that of 80 investigated spiced chicken meat samples, 55% were contaminated with E. coli, of which 34% (15/44) contaminate with APEC. No diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) pathotypes were found. Twenty-six isolates were MDR E. coli. Among the APEC isolates, 87% (13/15) produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). The emergence of MDR/ESBL-producing APEC with zoonotic potential for humans is extremely worrying. Therefore, further studies are required to identify the prevalence of MDR/ESBL-producing APEC in the entire chicken production chain from creation, slaughter, processing, and butchery.

Psoroptes ovis mange in a dog in Brazil.

Psoroptes ovis (Acari: Psoroptidae, Hering, 1838) is an ectoparasite that poses a high risk to herd animals and causes a severe dermal disease called psoroptic mange. This work aimed to report P. ovis parasitism in a dog. A male Pinscher that lives in rural areas and had free access to sheep farming showed hair loss in the dorsal region and mild itching. Dermatological examination demonstrated irregular alopecia, scabs, dry desquamation and erythema around the dorsal region of the thorax and pelvis. Hemogram has shown mild eosinophilia and the fungal culture was negative. In skin scrapings, P. ovis was observed, and its morphological characteristics were recorded. Treatment with ivermectin (0.5 mg/kg) was initiated orally once weekly for six weeks and amitraz for environmental control shown positive results. The diagnosis of psoroptic mange in dogs was performed based on morphological characterization of mite and the report of sheep contact. This is the first report of the occurrence of P. ovis in dog.

Isolation, prevalence, and risk factors for infection by shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in dairy cattle.

Rectal swabs of 198 Holstein × Gir crossbred beef cattle from 34 milk farms in the central west of Brazil were analyzed from August 2010 to February 2011. Strains of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) were isolated from 72.73% (144/198) of the animals, on over 97% of the surveyed properties. The molecular characterization indicated the most common toxin gene stx1 in 70.88% of the animals (202/285), followed by 18.95% (54/285) stx1/sxt2, and 10.18% (29/285) stx2. The presence of STEC in animals together with the probable risk factors based on a questionnaire was evaluated in the owners of the evaluated animals. Results showed that the animal category "calves" and production/technification scale "low" of the farm were related to high STEC prevalence in cattle. The season did not significantly affect the presence of STEC in cattle. The STEC strains are considered a major pathogen, causing severe and potentially lethal diseases in humans such as hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. This high prevalence of STEC in dairy cattle poses a significant risk to public health, since these microorganisms can contaminate products intended for human consumption, e.g., water, raw and pasteurized milk, meat products, dairy products, and/or products of plant origin.

Monoclonal antibodies against an outer membrane protein from pathogenic Leptospira

Foram obtidos dois hibridomas secretores de anticorpos monoclonais (MAbs) que reagem com uma lipoproteína (LipL32) da membrana externa de leptospiras patogênicas. Para a produção dos hibridomas, células do baço de camundongos BALB/c, imunizados com LipL32 recombinante (rLipL32), foram fusionadas com células SP2/O-Ag14, selecionadas em meio HAT e testadas em ELISA indireto. Um dos MAbs secretados pelos hibridomas é do isotipo IgG2b e o outro do isotipo IgM. A especificidade dos MAbs foi confirmada em ELISA indireto e immunoblotting usando rLipL32 purificada, Escherichia coli (E. coli) expressando LipL32 e sorovares patogênicos e saprófitas. Os dois MAbs reagiram com a maioria dos sorovares patogênicos e não reagiram com sorovares saprófitas. Os MAbs possuem potencial para uso em testes de diagnóstico de leptospirose.

Monoclonal antibodies against an outer membrane protein from pathogenic Leptospira

Two hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that react with a lipoprotein (LipL32) of the outer membrane of pathogenic Leptospira were obtained. For hybridoma production, spleen cells from BALB/c mice imunized with recombinant LipL32 (rLipL32) were fused to SP2/O-Ag14 cells, selected in HAT medium and screened in an indirect ELISA. One MAb produced was of the IgG2b isotype and the other was an IgM. MAbs specificity was confirmed by indirect ELISA and immunoblotting using purified rLipL32 and whole-cell antigen preparations from Escherichia coli (E. coli) expressing LipL32 and from pathogenic and non-pathogenic serovars. Both Mabs reacted with most of the pathogenic serovars tested and none reacted with non-pathogenic Leptospira. The MAbs described have potential for use in diagnostic tests for leptospirosis.

Foram obtidos dois hibridomas secretores de anticorpos monoclonais (MAbs) que reagem com uma lipoproteína (LipL32) da membrana externa de leptospiras patogênicas. Para a produção dos hibridomas, células do baço de camundongos BALB/c, imunizados com LipL32 recombinante (rLipL32), foram fusionadas com células SP2/O-Ag14, selecionadas em meio HAT e testadas em ELISA indireto. Um dos MAbs secretados pelos hibridomas é do isotipo IgG2b e o outro do isotipo IgM. A especificidade dos MAbs foi confirmada em ELISA indireto e immunoblotting usando rLipL32 purificada, Escherichia coli (E. coli) expressando LipL32 e sorovares patogênicos e saprófitas. Os dois MAbs reagiram com a maioria dos sorovares patogênicos e não reagiram com sorovares saprófitas. Os MAbs possuem potencial para uso em testes de diagnóstico de leptospirose.