RESUMEN
Lung cancer remains a major global health challenge, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality rates. Nintedanib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has demonstrated potential as a treatment for lung cancer. We aim to evaluate nintedanib's efficacy in treating patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), depending on the available evidence. Our search for relevant articles was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that involved adult patients with NSCLC up to August 15, 2023. These trials compared the combination of nintedanib and chemotherapy to either placebo plus chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone. Our main outcomes include progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). We utilized the Review Manager Software V.5.4 (The Cochrane Collaboration) to analyze all relevant data. Three identified trials, which included 2270 patients, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Our analysis showed significantly improved PFS (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71-0.88, P < 0.0001) in patients receiving nintedanib compared to placebo. However, OS was not statistically significant (HR = 0.96; 95% CI 0.88-1.05, P = 0.35). In conclusion, a combination of nintedanib and chemotherapy in treating patients with NSCLC was associated with improved PFS than chemotherapy alone but not with improved OS. Further clinical trials assessing nintedanib in the setting of NSCLC are necessary before any further recommendations can be made.
RESUMEN
Melamine (ML) is a common environmental contaminant, commonly used in food fraud, representing a serious health hazard and jeopardizing human and animal health. Recently, nootkatone (NK), a naturally occurring sesquiterpenoid, has garnered considerable attention due to its potential therapeutic advantages. We investigated the potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects of NK against ML-induced liver injury in rats. Five groups were utilized: control, ML, NK10, ML-NK5, and ML-NK10. ML induced substantial hepatotoxicity, including considerable alterations in biochemical parameters and histology. The oxidative distress triggered by ML increased the generation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) and decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. In addition, decreased expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and increased nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) expression levels were observed in hepatocytes, which indicated the occurrence of inflammatory changes following ML exposure. These alterations were alleviated by NK supplementation in a dose-dependent manner. The data revealed that the favorable effects of NK were attributed, at least in part, to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, our results were supported by molecular docking studies that revealed a good fit and interactions between NK and antioxidant enzymes. Thus, the current study demonstrated that NK is a potential new food additive for the prevention or treatment of ML-induced toxicity.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PC) is responsible for large numbers of cancer-related deaths in males worldwide, and it has been linked to an increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality (CVM). The purpose of this research is to identify the incidence and risk factors for CVM in PC patients. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we collected data from patients with PC diagnosed between 2000 and 2014 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. CVM among PC patients was identified and compared to the general population using the standardized mortality ratio (SMR). The multivariable competing risk model with subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) was used to analyze the data in a more complex method to discover the risk factors associated with CVM among PC patients. RESULTS: Of the 171,147 identified PC patients, the median survival time was 117 months, with 17,168 dying from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Patients diagnosed at age 45-54 had a higher CVM risk than the age-standardized general population (SMR (95% CI): 19.01 (17.17-21.0)). Using multivariate competing risk regression analysis, aged 85 and older (SHR (95% CI): 20.9 (18.628-23.467)), black ethnicities (SHR (95% CI): 1.3 (1.264-1.398)), and patients without surgical intervention (SHR (95% CI): 1.35 (1.305-1.410)) had higher CVM. On the other hand, being of Asian/Pacific Islander or American Indian/Native Alaskan ethnicity (SHR (95% CI): 0.94 (0.891-0.993)), being diagnosed between 2007 and 2014 (SHR (95% CI): 0.63 (0.613-0.655)), and having an advanced disease stage and a lack of disease differentiation in the histology were found to be related with a lower CVM. CONCLUSION: Patients with PC have a greater likelihood of dying from CVD. Several important risk factors for CVD have been discovered, including advanced age, black ethnicity, and patients without surgical intervention. These findings are limited by the retrospective nature of the analysis, relying solely on the SEER database, which imposes restrictions on accessing comprehensive patient data, including lifestyle factors and medical history.
