Carvacrol-Loaded Nanoemulsion Promotes Tocolytic and Anti-Dysmenorrhea Effects in Rodents.

INTRODUCTION: Carvacrol is a phenolic constituent of essential oils that has antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. METHOD: This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro spasmolytic and in vivo anti-dysmenorrhea potential of a nanoemulsion-containing carvacrol (nanoCARV). RESULTS: In isolated rat uterus, nanoCARV reduced spontaneous contractions (pEC50 = 3.91 ± 0.25) and relaxed preparations pre-contracted with oxytocin (pEC50 = 3.78 ± 0.2), carbachol (pEC50 = 4.15 ± 0.4), prostaglandin F2α (pEC50 = 3.00 ± 0.36), and KCl (pEC50 = 3.98 ± 0.32). The investigation of the mechanism of action revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) between the pEC50 values of nanoCARV in the absence or presence of aminophylline or tetraethylammonium. In a primary dysmenorrhea model, treatment with nanoCARV reduced the number of oxytocin-induced abdominal writhes. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that the anti-dysmenorrhea effect of nanoCARV may be related to the relaxation of uterine smooth muscle, with participation of the cAMP signaling pathway and potassium channels.

Validação de método analítico espectrofotométrico UV para determinação de ácido úsnico em lipossomas / Validation of a UV-spectrophotometric analytical method for the determination of usnic acid in liposomes

O ácido úsnico (AU) é um composto de origem liquênica e tem demonstrado importantes atividades biológicas, tais como: antitumoral, antimicrobiano, antiviral, antiproliferativo e antiinflamatório. Os lipossomas são vesículas lipídicas contendo espaço aquoso interno e têm sido utilizados como carreadores coloidais de fármacos, principalmente na terapêutica de câncer e infecções bacterianas e fúngicas. O objetivo desse trabalho foidesenvolver e validar um método espectrofotométrico UV para determinação de ácido úsnico em lipossomas. Os parâmetros de validação linearidade, precisão, exatidão, robustez, limites de detecção e quantificação foram determinados segundo diretrizes internacionais de padronização e Farmacopéia Americana. A faixa de linearidade foi de 3 a 15 μg.mL-1, a equação de regressão:absorbância = 0,070 x [AU] (μg.mL-1) + 0,013 e r = 0,9997. A repetibilidade (coeficiente de variação) do método foi 1,96% e a precisão intermediária indicou que a diferença entre as médiasfoi estatisticamente insignificante (P < 0,05). A exatidão revelou média percentual de recuperação de 100,4%. O método foi robusto apesar da variação de temperatura e solventes. Os limites de detecção e quantificação do ácido úsnico foram de 0,34 e 1,13 μg.mL-1, respectivamente. O doseamento do ácido úsnico nos lipossomas foi de 96,8% (± 0,2). O método proposto é exato, preciso e reprodutível sendo capaz de quantificar o ácido úsnicoem matéria-prima e em preparações farmacêuticas.

The secondary lichen metabolite usnic acid [2,6-diacetyl- 7,9-dihydroxy-8,9b-dimethyl-1,3(2H,9bH)-dibenzofuran]has demonstrated pharmacological potential activities such as antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory. Liposomes arevesicles composed of phospholipid bilayers surrounding aqueous compartments and they have been used as colloidal drug carriers. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a quantitative UV spectrophotometric method for determination of usnicacid in liposomal formulations. The validation parameters were assessed according to The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and American Pharmacopoeia guidelines. The linearity range was of 3-15 μg.mL-1,regression equation: absorbance = 0.070 x UA concentration (μg.mL-1) + 0.013, and r = 0.9997. The repeatability (relative standard deviation) of the method was 1.96% and intermediate precision indicated that the difference among mean was statistically insignificant (P < 0.05). The accuracy revealed a mean percentage recovery of 100.4% of usnic acid. The method was robust for the variation of temperature and solvent. The detection and quantization limits were found to be 0.34 and 1.13 μg.mL-1, respectively. The content of usnic acid in liposomes was of 96.8% (± 0.2). The proposed method is accurate, precise and reproducible for estimation of usnic acid as raw material and in pharmaceutical dosage forms such as liposomes.