Maternal and long-term offspring outcomes of obesity during pregnancy.

PURPOSE: Obesity`s prevalence is rising in women of reproductive age worldwide and has become the most common medical condition at this age group. Besides, its occurrence is also rising during pregnancy. This condition not only increases the risk of noncommunicable diseases on the mother, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, but also transfers this risk to the offspring. METHODS: This is a narrative review based on scientific and review articles on the matter. RESULTS: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, venous thromboembolism, infection, and mental health problems. Furthermore, it has an impact on the progress of labor and induction matters. Regarding offspring outcomes, it is related to higher incidence of congenital anomalies, perinatal mortality, and the occurrence of large for gestational age newborns. Still, it has implications on cardiometabolic risk and neurodevelopment in offspring. CONCLUSION: It is, therefore, imperative to encourage the adoption of healthy lifestyles, especially in the peri-conception and interpregnancy periods. Likewise, there must be support in the multidisciplinary monitoring of these pregnant women to minimize associated complication rates.

Familiar del3p syndrome: The uncertainty of the prognosis. A case report.

The 3p deletion syndrome is an unusual condition. The few cases described are mainly de novo. We described a familial case detected in a prenatal diagnosis. Three members of the family had the 3p26.3-p26.1 deletion; however, only the son presented clinical features.

Sperm DNA damage and seminal antioxidant activity in subfertile men.

Supraphysiological ROS levels can lead to apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, and DNA and protein damage. This pilot study aimed to investigate the sperm oxidative damage in subfertile men, to describe the relationship between the antioxidant system and ROS. Sixty-four semen samples were categorised according to the evaluated routine parameters (WHO, WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen, 2010). Results were cross-referenced with the DNA damage [Comet (n = 53) and TUNEL (n = 49) assays], antioxidant enzyme activity [SOD (n = 51), CAT (n = 48) and GST (n = 48)], and content of total thiols (n = 36), lipid hydroperoxides (n = 35) and MDA (n = 31). Compared to pathospermic samples, normozoospermic presented 40%-45% fewer spermatozoa with fragmented DNA, 19% fewer hydroperoxides, and slightly higher total thiols and MDA levels. Asthenozoospermic/asthenoteratozoospermic samples had the lowest GST activity. SOD and CAT showed a similar trend. Our results evidenced significant positive correlations between DNA damage and immotile spermatozoa; SOD and CAT, GST and total thiols; CAT and GST; total thiols and sperm concentration; and MDA levels and head/midpiece abnormalities and hydroperoxides. This work contributes to the existing body of knowledge by showing that the oxidative status correlates with the classic sperm analysis parameters. Oxidative stress and DNA damage evaluation might be a valuable diagnostic and prognostic tool in cases of idiopathic male subfertility.

Association of lifestyle factors with semen quality: A pilot study conducted in men from the Portuguese Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro region followed in fertility support consultations.

A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted in men followed in fertility consultations, from the portuguese Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro region, in order to associate several lifestyle factors with the spermatic parameters. Of a total of 522 men, 373 were compared based on the occupational exposure to harmful factors, smoking habits and practice of physical exercise per week, and the other 149 men according to their body mass index (normal weight vs. overweight vs. obesity). In the absence of harmful occupational factors, physical exercise seems to be associated with sperm quality improvement, whether individuals smoke or not. When exposed to harmful environments, non-smokers that practice physical exercise more than two times per week tended to present the best vitality, normal morphology and sperm concentration (p > .05). However, if they smoke, physical exercise seems not enough to enhance the spermatic parameters. The BMI correlated negatively with the spermatic quality, especially with sperm concentration (p < .05). Concerning men that did not present lifestyle risks associated, the motility, midpiece and tail abnormalities, and teratozoospermia index were significantly worse on obese individuals comparing to overweight men (p < .05). Thus, patients should also be recommended to control their weight and to have a BMI under 30 kg/m2 .

An Early Diagnosis of an Ovarian Steroid Cell Tumor Not Otherwise Specified in a Woman.

Steroid cell tumor not otherwise specified is a subtype of steroid ovary tumors. These are a rare subgroup of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors. We present a case of a young woman submitted to laparoscopic cystectomy with ovarian steroid cell tumor as histological finding. This represents the second case where laparoscopic cystectomy is performed in this type of tumor. Up to 36 months after surgery, the woman remains under surveillance, without recurrence of the tumor, and attempts to conceive. This case suggests that steroid cell tumors can be asymptomatic, and gynecologists must think about preserving fertility in women of reproductive age.

Pelvic Intravenous Leiomyomatosis - Case Report.

Introduction Intravenous leiomyomatosis is a benign and rare condition that can result in cardiac events with fatal outcomes when left untreated. Intravenous leiomyomatosis is probably underestimated because the diagnosis is easily missed. We present a case of an intravenous leiomyomatosis without extra-pelvic involvement, with a brief review of this pathology. Case Report 46-year-old woman submitted to hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy because of a pelvic mass detected in ultrasound. During the surgery, intravenous leiomyomatosis diagnosis was suspected. Pathological analysis confirmed this suspicion. Further imaging exams were performed without detecting any anomalies related to this condition. The patient remained with no evidence of disease after one year of follow-up. Conclusion Intravenous leiomyomatosis is a rare condition that can lead to serious complications. Early diagnosis followed by an appropriate treatment is very important to patient outcome, and underdiagnoses can be counteracted if the gynecologist is aware of this entity.

Pelvic Intravenous Leiomyomatosis - Case Report / Leiomiomatose intravenosa pélvica - caso clínico

Abstract Introduction Intravenous leiomyomatosis is a benign and rare condition that can result in cardiac events with fatal outcomes when left untreated. Intravenous leiomyomatosis is probably underestimated because the diagnosis is easily missed. We present a case of an intravenous leiomyomatosis without extra-pelvic involvement, with a brief review of this pathology. Case Report 46-year-old woman submitted to hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy because of a pelvic mass detected in ultrasound. During the surgery, intravenous leiomyomatosis diagnosis was suspected. Pathological analysis confirmed this suspicion. Further imaging exams were performed without detecting any anomalies related to this condition. The patient remained with no evidence of disease after one year of follow-up. Conclusion Intravenous leiomyomatosis is a rare condition that can lead to serious complications. Early diagnosis followed by an appropriate treatment is very important to patient outcome, and underdiagnoses can be counteracted if the gynecologist is aware of this entity.

Resumo Introdução A leiomiomatose intravenosa é uma condição benigna, rara, que pode resultar em eventos cardíacos, podendo ser fatal quando não tratada. Esta patologia está provavelmente subestimada, uma vez que facilmente não é diagnosticada. Neste artigo, apresentamos um caso de leiomiomatose intravenosa sem envolvimento extrapélvico, com uma breve revisão da patologia. Relato de Caso Mulher de 46 anos de idade, submetida a histerectomia e anexectomia bilateral após detecção ecográfica de massa pélvica. Durante a cirurgia, houve a suspeita de leiomiomatose intravenosa, e o exame anátomo-patológico confirmou o diagnóstico. A paciente foi submetida a outros exames de imagem, não sendo detectada qualquer anomalia relacionada com a patologia. Após um ano de followup, a paciente manteve-se sem evidência de doença. Conclusão A leiomiomatose intravenosa é uma condição rara que pode levar a complicações graves. O diagnóstico precoce e o tratamento adequado são muito importantes para o prognóstico da paciente, e os subdiagnósticos podem ser evitados se o ginecologista estiver ciente dessa entidade.