Influence of the CYP1A2 c.-163 A > C polymorphism in the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during exercise: a pilot randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the CYP1A2 c.-163 A > C (rs762551) polymorphism on the effect of oral caffeine intake on fat oxidation during exercise. METHODS: Using a pilot randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial, 32 young and healthy individuals (women = 14, men = 18) performed an incremental test on a cycle ergometer with 3-min stages at workloads from 30 to 70% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Participants performed this test after the ingestion of (a) placebo; (b) 3 mg/kg of caffeine; (c) 6 mg/kg of caffeine. Fat oxidation rate during exercise was measured by indirect calorimetry. The influence of the CYP1A2 c.-163 A > C polymorphism in the effect of caffeine on fat oxidation rates during exercise was established with a three-way ANOVA (substance × genotype × intensity). RESULTS: Eight participants were genotyped as AA, 18 participants were CA heterozygotes, and 6 participants were CC. There was a main effect of substance (F = 3.348, p = 0.050) on fat oxidation rates during exercise with no genotype effect (F = 0.158, p = 0.959). The post hoc analysis revealed that, in comparison to the placebo, 3 and 6 mg/kg of caffeine increased fat oxidation at 40-50% VO2max in AA (all p < 0.050) and 50-60% VO2max in CA and CC participants (all p < 0.050). CONCLUSION: Oral intake of 3 and 6 mg/kg of caffeine increased fat oxidation rate during aerobic exercise in individuals with AA, CA and CC genotypes. This suggests that the effect of caffeine to enhance fat oxidation during exercise is not influenced by the CYP1A2 c.-163 A > C polymorphism. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov with ID: NCT05975489.

Patient-reported outcome measures for systemic lupus erythematosus: an expert Delphi consensus to guide implementation in routine care.

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may result in great impact on patients' quality of life, social relationships, and work productivity. The use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in routine care could help capture disease burden to guide SLE management and optimize disease control. We aimed to explore the current situation, appropriateness, and feasibility of PROMs to monitor patients with SLE in routine care, from healthcare professionals' and patients' perspectives. METHODS: A scientific committee developed a Delphi questionnaire, based on a focus group with patients and a literature review, including 22 statements concerning: 1) Use of PROMs in routine care (n = 2); 2) PROMs in SLE management (n = 13); 3) Multidisciplinary management of patients with SLE (n = 4), and 4) Aspects on patient empowerment (n = 3). Statements included in Sects. 2-4 were assessed from three perspectives: current use, appropriateness, and feasibility (with currently available resources). For each statement, panellists specified their level of agreement using a 7-point Likert scale. A consensus was reached when ≥ 70% of the panellists agreed (6,7) or disagreed (1,2) on each statement. RESULTS: Fifty-nine healthcare professionals and 16 patients with SLE participated in the Delphi-rounds. A consensus was reached on the value of PROMs to improve SLE management (83%) and the key role of healthcare professionals (77%) and the need for a digital tool connected to the electronic medical record (85%) to promote and facilitate PROMs collection. PROMs most frequently used in clinical practice are pain (56%), patient's global assessment (44%) and fatigue (39%), all on visual analogue scales. Panellists agreed on the need to implement multidisciplinary consultation (79%), unify complementary tests (88%), incorporate pharmacists into the healthcare team (70%), and develop home medication dispensing and informed telepharmacy programmes (72%) to improve quality of care in patients with SLE. According to panellists, patient associations (82%) and nurses (80%) are critical to educate and train patients on PROMs to enhance patient empowerment. CONCLUSIONS: Although pain, fatigue, and global assessment were identified as the most feasible, PROMs are not widely used in routine care in Spain. The present Delphi consensus can provide a road map for their implementation being key for SLE management.

Prevalencia de Maloclusiones en Población Escolar de Rapa Nui, Chile: Estudio Descriptivo

Las maloclusiones dentarias pueden afectar la forma, función y estética del sistema estomatognático, que, por su alta prevalencia a nivel mundial, son consideradas un problema de Salud Pública. Rapa Nui es un territorio insular del cual no se tienen datos respecto de la prevalencia de maloclusiones en su población. El objetivo de este estudio fue levantar datos epidemiológicos de maloclusiones dentarias en la población escolar de Rapa Nui y así contribuir a la elaboración de políticas públicas preventivas y terapéuticas. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal para determinar la prevalencia y tipo de maloclusiones dentarias presentes en la población escolar de Rapa Nui. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron: encuesta sociodemográfica, clínica odontológica y obtención de modelos de yeso para determinar alteraciones de la oclusión en los 3 planos del espacio. La población en estudio comprendió a 121 niños (54 mujeres y 67 hombres) entre 5 y 17 años. Se evidenció un alto porcentaje de maloclusiones Clase II en la población estudiada. Destacan altos porcentajes de relación canina y molar clase II de Angle (52 % y 46,3 %, respectivamente), resalte aumentado (25,6 %) y mordida cruzada o vis a vis (36 %). Por lo señalado, se considera relevante sugerir la implementación de programas preven- tivos para mejorar la salud bucal de esta población.

Dental malocclusions can affect the form, function and esthetics of the stomatognathic system, which, due to their high prevalence worldwide, are considered a Public Health problem. Rapa Nui is an island territory for which there is no data on the prevalence of malocclusions in its population. The objective of this study was to collect epidemiological data on dental malocclusions in the school population of Rapa Nui and thus contribute to the elaboration of preventive and therapeutic public policies. A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out to determine the prevalence and type of dental malocclusions present in the school population of Rapa Nui. The instruments applied were: Sociodemographic survey, dental clinic and obtaining plaster models to determine alterations of the occlusion in the 3 planes of space. The study population consisted of 121 children (54 females and 67 males) between 5 and 17 years of age. A high percentage of Class II malocclusions were evidenced. In the population studied anomalies were evidenced, among which the most important were class II canine and molar relation (according to Angle, 52 % and 46.3 % respectively), increased protrusion (25.6 %) and cross bite or vis a vis (36 %). Therefore, it is considered relevant to suggest the implementation of preventive programs to improve oral health of this population.

Wearable biosensors for human health: A bibliometric analysis from 2007 to 2022.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the status of scientific production on biosensor usage for human health monitoring. Methods: We used bibliometrics based on the data and metadata retrieved from the Web of Science between 2007 and 2022. Articles unrelated to health and medicine were excluded. The databases were processed using the VOSviewer software and auxiliary spreadsheets. Data extraction yielded 275 articles published in 161 journals, mainly concentrated on 13 journals and 881 keywords plus. Results: The keywords plus of high occurrences were estimated at 27, with seven to 30 occurrences. From the 1595 identified authors, 125 were consistently connected in the coauthorship network in the total set and were grouped into nine clusters. Using Lotka's law, we identified 24 prolific authors, and Hirsch index analysis revealed that 45 articles were cited more than 45 times. Crosses were identified between 17 articles in the Hirsch index and 17 prolific authors, highlighting the presence of a large set of prolific authors from various interconnected clusters, a triad, and a solitary prolific author. Conclusion: An exponential trend was observed in biosensor research for health monitoring, identifying areas of innovation, collaboration, and technological challenges that can guide future research on this topic.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Spanish sensory processing sensitivity questionnaire (S-SPSQ).

Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS) is a temperament trait rooted in biology, and is distinguished by heightened awareness, emotional responsiveness, and sensitivity to environmental stimuli. In this study, we aimed to enable the assessment of SPS within Spanish-speaking populations. To achieve this, we translated, adapted, and validated the Sensory Processing Sensitivity Questionnaire (SPSQ), which offers a comprehensive evaluation of SPS, encompassing both positive and negative aspects of the trait. Participants were 1,004 (844 females, mean age 37) mainly from Chile (964), and 40 were from other Spanish-speaking regions. Confirmatory factor analysis, utilizing the diagonally weighted least squares method, was applied to validate the internal structure of the Spanish version of the SPSQ (S-SPSQ). Fit indices such as GFI, CFI, TLI, RMSEA, and SRMR were scrutinized. Reliability assessment utilized Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's Omega. Three models were examined: Model I (six factors) displayed robustness, Model II (six factors plus a general factor) did not show substantive improvement, and Model III (Higher Order and Bifactor) excelled in fit while balancing complexity and representation, thus validating the findings of the original SPSQ and indicating similar reliability coefficients. The study offers a balanced perspective on SPS and contributes to cross-cultural validation of an SPS instrument which may facilitate research and guide personalized therapeutic interventions, thus enhancing outcomes for highly sensitive persons.

Global panel data on World governance and state fragility from 2006 to 2022.

This global panel dataset contains information collected from two different sources (The Fund for Peace and World Bank), on the governance and stability levels of 178 countries between 2006 and 2022. The dataset includes information on 1) Cohesion (security apparatus (C1), factionalized elites (C2), and group grievance (C3)), 2) Economic (economy (E1), economic inequality (E2), and human flight and brain drain (E3)), 3) Political (state legitimacy (P1), public services (P2), and human rights (P3)) indicators, 4) Social and cross-cutting (demographic pressures (S1), refugees and internally displaced persons (S2), and external intervention (X1)), and 5) Governance (voice and accountability (G1), political stability and absence of violence/terrorism (G2), government effectiveness (G3), regulatory quality (G4), rule of law (G5), and control of corruption (G6)). Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 29 software to ensure a complete description of the data (labels, type and measure of variables, and uniformity of decimals), as well as the imputation possibility of missing data, which will allow future researchers to study both cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between the five types of indicators and the eighteen indicators reported.

Influence of the time of day in the effect of caffeine on maximal fat oxidation during exercise in women: a randomized, crossover, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study.

PURPOSE: Caffeine is a stimulant with well-recognized performance and metabolic benefits, however, there is a lack of studies investigating the time-of-day influence in the properties of caffeine to enhance fat oxidation in women. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the time of the day on the effect of caffeine on the maximal rate of fat oxidation during aerobic exercise in trained women. METHODS: Fourteen female athletes (25.5 ± 7.1 years) took part in a randomized, crossover, double-blind study. All participants undertook four different experimental trials combining the ingestion of 3 mg/kg caffeine and a placebo either in the morning (8.00-10.00 h) and in the evening (17.00-19.00 h) realizing an incremental test on a cycle ergometer with 3 min stages at workloads from 30 to 70% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Substrate oxidation rates were measured by indirect calorimetry. In each trial, the maximum rate of fat oxidation (MFO) and the intensity that elicited MFO (Fatmax) were measured. RESULTS: In comparison to placebo, MFO was significantly higher with caffeine both in the morning (0.24 ± 0.13 vs 0.30 ± 0.14 g/min; p < 0.001; ES = 0.79) and in the evening (0.21 ± 0.08 vs 0.28 ± 0.10 g/min; p = 0.002; ES = 0.72). No time-of-day effect on the capacity of caffeine to increase MFO was found (all p = 0.336) CONCLUSION: The intake of 3 mg/kg of caffeine increased the use of fat as a fuel during exercise independently of the time-of-day in trained women. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with the following ID: NCT05880186 by 15 May 2023.

Patrón de variación de la forma del arco dentario mandibular en una muestra de la Región Metropolitana de Chile

Objetivos: Describir el patrón de variación de la forma de la arcada dentaria mandibular en una muestra de la Región Metropolitana mediante un estudio observacional, transversal. Métodos: Se digitalizaron 18 puntos de referencia en 134 fotografías estandarizadas de modelos de yeso y se realizó un análisis de Procusto para obtener los componentes de variación de la forma y el tamaño (tamaño del centroide= cs). Resultados: El tamaño de centroide en hombres es significativamente mayor que en mujeres. El análisis discriminante con validación cruzada no mostró diferencias significativas en los componentes de la forma según el sexo. Las diferencias en la forma de los arcos dentales, explicada por los dos primeros componentes de la forma correspondió al 73.4% de la varianza total (PC1= 50,14%, en el eje anteroposterior y PC2= 13,31% en el eje transversal). Conclusiones: De acuerdo con los resultados del presente estudio, se debe replantear el uso de plantillas preformadas en la determinación de la forma del arco dentario, dada la continuidad morfológica que se observa al realizar un análisis estadístico del patrón de variación en forma y tamaño del arco, como queda en evidencia al utilizar herramientas de morfometría geométrica.

Objetivos : Descrever o padrão de variação da forma do arco dentário mandibular em uma amostra populacional da Região Metropolitana, através de um estudo observacional transversal. Métodos : 18 pontos anatómicos em 134 fotografias padronizadas de moldes de gesso foram digitalizados e foi realizado uma análise Procrustes. Resultados : O tamanho do centróide nos homens é significativamente maior do que nas mulheres. A análise discriminante com validação cruzada de gênero não mostrou diferenças significativas nos componentes da forma. O padrão de variação na forma das arcadas dentárias é explicado principalmente por PC1 (50,1% da variação total, variação anteroposterior) e PC2 (13,3%, variação transversal). Conclusões : Dada a continuidade morfológica que se observa ao realizar uma análise estatística do padrão de variação da forma e tamanho da arcada, aplicando ferramentas morfométricas geométricas, o uso de templates pré-formados para determinação da forma da arcada dentária deve ser reconsiderado.

Objectives: Describe the pattern of shape variation of the mandibular dental arch in a sample from the Metropolitan Region through an observational, cross-sectional study. Methods: 18 landmarks on 134 standardized photographs of dental casts were digitized, and a Procrustes analysis was performed. Results: The size of the centroid in men was significantly larger than in women. Discriminant analysis with gender cross-validation did not show significant differences in the shape components. The variation pattern in the shape of the dental arches is mainly explained by PC1 (50.1% of the total variation, anteroposterior variation) and PC2 (13.3%, transverse variation). Conclusions: Given the morphological continuity that is observed when performing a statistical analysis of the variation pattern in shape and size of the arch applying geometric morphometric tools, the use of preformed templates for determining the shape of the dental arch should be reconsidered.

Machine Learning Quantification of Intraepithelial Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes as a Significant Prognostic Factor in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinomas.

The prognostic and predictive role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has been demonstrated in various neoplasms. The few publications that have addressed this topic in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) have approached TIL quantification from a semiquantitative standpoint. Clinical correlation studies, therefore, need to be conducted based on more accurate TIL quantification. We created a machine learning system based on H&E-stained sections using 76 molecularly and clinically well-characterized advanced HGSOC. This system enabled immune cell classification. These immune parameters were subsequently correlated with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFI). An intense colonization of the tumor cords by TILs was associated with a better prognosis. Moreover, the multivariate analysis showed that the intraephitelial (ie) TILs concentration was an independent and favorable prognostic factor both for OS (p = 0.02) and PFI (p = 0.001). A synergistic effect between complete surgical cytoreduction and high levels of ieTILs was evidenced, both in terms of OS (p = 0.0005) and PFI (p = 0.0008). We consider that digital analysis with machine learning provided a more accurate TIL quantification in HGSOC. It has been demonstrated that ieTILs quantification in H&E-stained slides is an independent prognostic parameter. It is possible that intraepithelial TIL quantification could help identify candidate patients for immunotherapy.

Neuromuscular but Not Technical Performance is Affected by Time-of-Day in Semiprofessional, Female Basketball Players.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether variations in technical and neuromuscular performance occur across different times of the day in basketball players. Methods: Twenty semiprofessional, female basketball players (23 ± 4 years) competing in a second-division national basketball competition completed separate testing batteries in the morning (08:30) and in the afternoon (17:30) in a randomized counterbalanced order. Testing sessions consisted of a free-throw accuracy test to assess technical performance, as well as flexibility (ankle dorsiflexion range-of-motion test), dynamic balance (modified star excursion balance test), vertical jump height (squat jump, countermovement jump with and without arm swing), strength (isometric handgrip), change-of-direction speed (V-cut test), and linear speed (20-m sprint) tests to assess neuromuscular performance. Mechanism variables were also obtained including tympanic temperature, urinary specific gravity, and rating of perceived exertion at each session. Results: Squat jump height (6.7%; p = .001; effect size (ES) = 0.33), countermovement jump height with (4.1%; p = .018; ES = 0.27) and without arm swing (5.9%; p = .007; ES = 0.30), and 20-m sprint time (-1.4%; p = .015; ES = -0.32) were significantly superior in the afternoon compared to morning. Tympanic temperature was significantly higher in the afternoon than morning (1.4%; p < .001; ES = 1.31). In contrast, no significant differences between timepoints were evident for all remaining variables (p > .05; ES = -0.33 to 0.16). Conclusions: Some neuromuscular variables exhibited a time-of-day effect with better jump and sprint performance in the afternoon compared to morning in semiprofessional, female basketball players.

Features and outcomes of rectal cancer patients treated in a hospital in Bogotá, Colombia: a retrospective cohort study.

Rectal cancer is an increasing disease worldwide. The outcomes of its treatment are related to the preoperative characteristics of the patient. The objective of this study was to describe sociodemographic, clinical and surgical characteristics and outcomes of patients operated on for rectal cancer at Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi (HUM) during the period within 2013-2017.A retrospective descriptive cohort-type study was carried out by consulting the clinical records of patients above the age of 18 years with a clinical/histopathological diagnosis of rectal cancer and an institutional follow-up in those who underwent surgery with laparoscopic anterior resection of the rectum carried out by the coloproctology service of the HUM between 2013 and 2017. For statistical analysis, the SPSS V22 program was used.Data from 133 patients were collected during the study period, most of them male, with more frequent involvement of the lower rectum. Complications occurred in 25% of the patients. Conversion rate to open surgery was 8.6%, in-hospital death was associated with cardiovascular comorbidity, corticosteroid uses and with the presence of complications. Sociodemographic characteristics of the patients were similar to the world population. The institution has a low prevalence of anastomotic dehiscence, global complications are comparable with international statistics.

Gender heterophily and equality: a contribution to gender equality in the Chilean scientific sector.

Women's insertion or consolidation in science has been thoroughly researched. Such discussion could be particularly relevant concerning sustainable development goal five (SDG 5) on Gender Equality advancement. However, the debate is focused on women percentages inserted into scientific labor, leaving the issue of symbolic experience for women in research unaddressed and with little empirical support. The data come from a survey developed under a FONDECYT project, which studied knowledge production in Chile. Researchers obtained contacts through invitations on social networks such as Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn and databases containing scientists' emails working in Chile. The non-probabilistic sample collected 583 cases, with participants residing in 15 of the 16 country regions. As a result, this document presents the findings of a study on symbolic experience using an instrument to determine whether there are any homophily patterns. It aims to determine if scientists tend to cite others as referents only when they encounter a situation like their own. The findings reveal a clear way scientists estimate the effect of others in terms of their gender homophily. This intervening factor could be crucial in reproducing the disparities and asymmetries that characterize Chile's scientific field.

Corrigendum: Personalized monitoring of circulating tumor DNA with a specific signature of trackable mutations after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in follicular lymphoma patients.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188818.].

Type of Diet and Sports Supplements in Padel Players According to Level of Competition and Sex.

Padel is the world's fastest growing racket sport. However, the analysis of the intake of sports supplements in padel players is scarce. The aim of this research was to analyse and compare the type of diet and the use of sports supplements in padel players according to their competition level and sex. A total of 123 players (94 men and 29 women) participated in the study. Subjects were divided according to their sex and competition level. All participants completed an anonymous questionnaire on diet type and nutritional supplement intake. There were differences found in diet type between competition levels. Regarding players' sex, differences in the number of supplements consumed were reported (p < 0.01). Relationships were found between the number of supplements ingested and the perceived effectiveness of supplements with frequency and time of training (p < 0.05). Creatine in men (≈15%) and vitamin complexes (≈10%) in women were the most used supplements. Lower level padel players do not adapt their diet to the physical demands of padel. Male padel players use a greater number of supplements than female padel players. It is important that nutrition specialists advise players to control diets and supplement.

Genetic Profiling of Cell-Free DNA in Liquid Biopsies: A Complementary Tool for the Diagnosis of B-Cell Lymphomas and the Surveillance of Measurable Residual Disease.

PURPOSE: To assess the potential value of LiqBio as a complementary tool for diagnosis and surveillance of BCL. METHODS: This prospective multi-center study included 78 patients (25 follicular lymphomas (FL) and 53 large B-cell lymphomas (LBCL)). We performed next-generation sequencing (NGS) of cfDNA LiqBio and paired gDNA tissue biopsies at diagnosis and compared the mutational statuses. Also, through NGS of LiqBio, we identified MRD biomarkers and compared this novel LiqBio-MRD method with PET/CT in detecting MRD at follow-up. RESULTS: We identified mutations in 71% of LiqBio and 95% of tissue biopsies, and found a correlation between variant allele frequency of somatic mutations. Additionally, we identified mutations in 73% of LiqBio from patients with no available tissue samples or no mutations in them. Regarding the utility of LiqBio-MRD as a dynamic monitoring tool, when compared with the PET/CT method, a lower sensitivity was observed for LiqBio-MRD at 92.3% (vs. 100% for PET/CT), but a higher specificity of 91.3% (vs. 86.9% for PET/CT). CONCLUSION: Genetic profiling of tumor cfDNA in plasma LiqBio is a complementary tool for BCL diagnosis and MRD surveillance.

VIRify: An integrated detection, annotation and taxonomic classification pipeline using virus-specific protein profile hidden Markov models.

The study of viral communities has revealed the enormous diversity and impact these biological entities have on various ecosystems. These observations have sparked widespread interest in developing computational strategies that support the comprehensive characterisation of viral communities based on sequencing data. Here we introduce VIRify, a new computational pipeline designed to provide a user-friendly and accurate functional and taxonomic characterisation of viral communities. VIRify identifies viral contigs and prophages from metagenomic assemblies and annotates them using a collection of viral profile hidden Markov models (HMMs). These include our manually-curated profile HMMs, which serve as specific taxonomic markers for a wide range of prokaryotic and eukaryotic viral taxa and are thus used to reliably classify viral contigs. We tested VIRify on assemblies from two microbial mock communities, a large metagenomics study, and a collection of publicly available viral genomic sequences from the human gut. The results showed that VIRify could identify sequences from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic viruses, and provided taxonomic classifications from the genus to the family rank with an average accuracy of 86.6%. In addition, VIRify allowed the detection and taxonomic classification of a range of prokaryotic and eukaryotic viruses present in 243 marine metagenomic assemblies. Finally, the use of VIRify led to a large expansion in the number of taxonomically classified human gut viral sequences and the improvement of outdated and shallow taxonomic classifications. Overall, we demonstrate that VIRify is a novel and powerful resource that offers an enhanced capability to detect a broad range of viral contigs and taxonomically classify them.

Open versus percutaneous tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19: retrospective cohort analysis.

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a great number of patients required Mechanical Ventilation (MV). Tracheostomy is the preferred procedure when difficult weaning is presented. Surgical techniques available for performing tracheostomy are open and percutaneous, with contradictory reports on the right choice. This paper aims to describe the clinical results after performing a tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19, regarding both surgical techniques. METHODS: An observational, analytical study of a retrospective cohort was designed. All patients admitted to the Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi, between March 2020 and April 2021 who presented COVID-19 requiring MV and who underwent tracheostomy were reviewed. Open versus percutaneous tracheostomy groups were compared and the primary outcome evaluated was in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: A total of 113 patients were included in the final analysis. The median age was 66.0 (IQR: 57.2 - 72.0) years old and 77 (68.14%) were male. Open tracheostomy was performed in 64.6% (n = 73) of the patients and percutaneous tracheostomy in 35.4% (n = 40) with an in-hospital mortality of 65.7% (n = 48) and 25% (n = 10), respectively (p < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, open tracheostomy technique [OR 9.45 (95% CI 3.20-27.92)], older age [OR 1.05 (95% CI 1.01-1.09)] and APACHE II score [OR 1.10 (95% CI 1.02-1.19)] were identified as independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Late tracheostomy (after 14 days) [OR 0.31 (95% CI 0.09-1.02)] and tracheostomy day PaO2/FiO2 [OR 1.10 (95% CI 1.02-1.19)] were not associated to in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous tracheostomy was independently associated with lower in-hospital mortality and should be considered the first option to perform this type of surgery in patients with COVID-19 in extended MV or difficulty weaning.