Characterization of nanoceria-modified silicone soft liners: Surface morphology, hardness, wettability, cytotoxicity, and antifungal properties in artificial saliva - An in vitro study.

Statement of problem: Soft liners are essential for denture wearers, which aids in the healing of soft tissue injuries caused by rough denture base surfaces. Silicone soft liners, while effective, can accumulate biofilm over time, necessitating enhancement. Purpose: This in vitro study aimed to assess the efficacy of silicone soft liners incorporating varying concentrations of cerium oxide nanoparticles. Materials and methods: A stainless-steel die as per ISO standard 10139-2-2018 (35 × 6 mm), Using G*Power 3.0.10 software, 400 samples were prepared with 95 % confidence interval and 80 % power. Samples were divided into five groups: surface morphology (Group A), surface hardness (Group B), wettability (Group C), cytotoxicity (Group D), and antifungal property (Group E). Each group was subdivided based on cerium oxide nanoparticle concentrations. Samples were stored in artificial saliva until evaluation. Surface morphology was examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface hardness using Shore A Durometer, wettability by drop shape analysis, cytotoxicity via MTT assay, and antifungal properties using crystal violet staining.Data were assessed for normal distribution using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Results: SEM analysis showed optimal nanoparticle dispersion in Group A2(0.25 %) and A3 (0.5 %). Group B2 (0.25 %) exhibited the lowest mean surface hardness, decreasing from day 1 to day 30. Group C3 demonstrated the most hydrophobic surface across days. Group D2 exhibited the least cytotoxicity at all time intervals. Group E4 displayed the highest antifungal activity. Conclusion: Within study limitations, silicone soft liners modified with 0.25 % and 0.5 % cerium oxide nanoparticles exhibited superior properties in surface hardness and cytotoxicity. Optimal surface morphology and wettability were observed with 0.5 % concentration, while antifungal efficacy peaked at 1 %. These findings suggest clinical potential for treating damaged oral tissues. Clinical implications: Soft liners modified with 0.25 % and 0.5 % cerium oxide nanoparticles may benefit patients with oral tissue abuse, offering enhanced therapeutic properties.

Comparison of microtensile bond strength of prepared teeth treated with proanthocyanidin, Camellia sinensis - Polyphenols, and metal crowns luted with resin-modified glass ionomer cement: An in vitro study.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of proanthocyanidin and C. sinensis-polyphenols on microtensile bonding properties of prepared teeth with resin-modified glass ionomer cement (GIC). SETTING AND DESIGN: This was an in vitro study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-eight maxillary premolars were selected and mounted into auto-polymerizing acrylic resin blocks. The samples were prepared and metal crowns were fabricated. The samples were randomly divided into three groups. Samples under Group 1 were not treated with any of the extracts and followed conventional bonding protocol. Samples under Group 2 and Group 3 were treated with proanthocyanidin and C. sinensis-polyphenols, respectively. After dentin treatment, these samples were luted to metal crowns using resin-modified GIC. Universal testing machine was used to measure the load at which the crowns were debonded and microtensile bond strength in MPa was calculated. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey HSD. RESULTS: Samples treated with C. sinensis polyphenols (Group 3) had maximum bond strength followed by Group 2, where the samples were treated with proanthocyanidin. CONCLUSION: C. sinensis polyphenols due to their anti-proteolytic and antioxidant properties showed improved bond strength compared to proanthocyanidin, a cross-linking agent, followed by conventional bonding protocol.

Evaluation of the effect of different kinds of treatment modalities for temporomandibular joint pain and its relevance to chronic cervical pain: A randomized controlled trial.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different treatment modalities for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and their relevance to chronic cervical pain after 12 months. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was a randomized controlled trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight participants with chronic cervical and TMJ pain were selected using research diagnostic criteria and randomized into four groups (n = 12), which included control, soft splints, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), and low-level laser (LLL). The cervical and TMJ pain was recorded using visual analog scale (VAS) scores at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Occlusal equilibration was done for all groups except for the control. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The mean pain scores were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and posthoc test. RESULTS: The mean VAS scores in TMJ pain patients between the four groups at baseline and at final follow-up were 7.27 ± 1.29 in Group 1, 7.53 ± 0.70 in Group 2, 7.76 ± 0.80 in Group 3, and 7.61 ± 0.61 in Group 4. The mean difference between Groups 1 and 3, Groups 1 and 4, and Groups 2 and 3 was statistically significant (P < 0.00). Pearson correlation test yielded a mild and negative correlation between TMJ and cervical pain. CONCLUSION: TENS and LLL were found to be equally effective in reducing pain in the jaw joint region, followed by soft splints, and there was no correlation between TMJ and cervical pain.

Effect of different concentrations of titanium and silver nanoparticles on maxillofacial silicone MDX4-4210 on cell viability, tear bond strength, and shore strength: An in vitro study.

Aim: The aim was to evaluate and compare the cell viability, tear bond strength, and shore hardness of MDX4-4210 silicone reinforced with titanium dioxide and silver nanoparticles in 1%, 2%, and 3%. Settings and Design: The study design involves in vitro comparative study. Materials and Methods: MDX4-4210 silicone incorporated with 1%, 2%, and 3% by weight of silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. A total of 112 specimens were prepared and grouped into 7, with 16 specimens in each group. Group 1 - control, Groups 2, 3, and 4 were 1%, 2%, and 3% silver, respectively. Groups 5, 6, and 7 were 1%, 2%, and 3% titanium dioxide nanoparticles, respectively. Cell viability was tested by MTT ASSAY on MG63 cell lines, tear bond strength was tested by peeling force in universal testing machine, and Shore A hardness was tested in durometer. Statistical Analysis Used: The cell viability values were statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey honestly significant difference test, tear bond strength and shore hardness values were analysed using Mann-Whitney test. Results: Based on the MTT ASSAY test, 1% silver nanoparticles incorporated MDX4-4210 silicone showed maximum cell viability of 42.10%, whereas minimum cell viability was 18.06% for 3% of titanium dioxide-reinforced silicone. The mean value of tear bond strength of 1% silver and 1% titanium dioxide nanoparticles reinforced room temperature vulcanized maxillofacial silicone were 62.81 ± 3.637 N/m and 59.69 ± 5.313 N/m and the mean value of shore hardness of room temperature vulcanized of 1% silver and 1% titanium dioxide nanoparticles reinforced room temperature vulcanized maxillofacial silicone were 38.06 ± 1.237 and 36.75 ± 1.291. Conclusion: Cell viability of 1% silver nanoparticles reinforced MDX4-4210 silicone was higher in comparison to the other groups, and tear bond strength and shore hardness were significantly higher in 1% silver nanoparticles reinforced silicone compared to 1% titanium nanoparticles reinforced MDX4-4210 silicone.

Effects of incorporation of silver and titanium nanoparticles on feldspathic ceramic toughness.

Background. Porcelain is brittle and in many situations it requires replacement in fractured or chipped restorations. The prospects exist in improving the strength of feldspathic porcelain to widen its applications. This study evaluated the fracture toughness of feldspathic porcelain after incorporation of silver and titanium nanoparticles at varying concentrations (0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.5 wt% and 2 wt%). Methods. Test specimen dimensions were standardized to ASTM C1421-16 standards and a three-point flexure test was carried out to evaluate fracture toughness. A total of 330 samples were fabricated and broadly divided into three groups. Group I (titanium nanoparticles) and group II (silver nanoparticles) were further subdivided into 5 groups (0 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 1.5 wt% and 2 wt%) for fracture toughness analysis, with each group consisting of 30 samples. Group III contained the superior concentration of both titanium and silver nanoparticles. The fracture toughness (KIC) was calculated using indentation fracture method and microstructure observations were made using scanning electron microscopy. The KIC values were compared and evaluated using one-way ANOVA. Results. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post hoc test multiple comparisons. The mean values of group I, group II and group III were 1.949 MPa.m1/2, 2.002 MPa.m1/2 and 1.330 MPa.m1/2 , respectively. Conclusion. The results revealed that the samples reinforced with titanium and silver nanoparticles showed significant increases in fracture toughness. The blending of superior concentration of both titanium and silver nanoparticles decreased fracture resistance.

Power spectrum density analysis for the influence of complete denture on the brain function of edentulous patients - pilot study.

PURPOSE: This pilot study was to find the influence of complete denture on the brain activity and cognitive function of edentulous patients measured through Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study recruited 20 patients aged from 50 to 60 years requiring complete dentures with inclusion and exclusion criteria. The brain function and cognitive function were analyzed with a mental state questionnaire and a 15-minute analysis of power spectral density of EEG alpha waves. The analysis included edentulous phase and post denture insertion adaptive phase, each done before and after chewing. The results obtained were statistically evaluated. RESULTS: Power Spectral Density (PSD) values increased from edentulous phase to post denture insertion adaption phase. The data were grouped as edentulous phase before chewing (EEG p1-0.0064), edentulous phase after chewing (EEG p2-0.0073), post denture insertion adaptive phase before chewing (EEG p3-0.0077), and post denture insertion adaptive phase after chewing (EEG p4-0.0096). The acquired values were statistically analyzed using paired t-test, which showed statistically significant results (P<.05). CONCLUSION: This pilot study showed functional improvement in brain function of edentulous patients with complete dentures rehabilitation.