[Bone Metabolism of Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease Patients with Different Blood Separation Results].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical significance of bone metabolic indexes for disease assessment and curative effect monitoring in multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease (MBD) patients with different blood separation results. METHODS: A total of 134 newly diagnosed MM patients treated in Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM-Hebei were enrolled and divided into control group [119 cases, serum, colloid and red blood cell (RBC) from top to bottom of sample] and abnormal group (15 cases, serum, mixed layer of RBC and serum, colloid and RBC from top to bottom of sample) according to the results of blood separation. According to the imaging findings, MBD was classified into grade 0-4, grade 0-2 was mild, and grade 3-4 was severe. The MBD grade of patients in the two groups was analyzed. The curative effect of MBD patients after chemotherapy and the changes of blood separation results and bone metabolic indexes before and after treatment were evaluated. The correlation between ß2-microglobulin (MG) and bone metabolic indexes was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS: In the control group, there were 69 cases of grade 0-2 and 50 cases of grade 3-4, while in the abnormal group, there were 5 cases of grade 0-2 and 10 cases of grade 3-4, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The serum ß2-MG, ß-CTX levels in abnormal group were both significantly higher than those in control group, while the levels of P1NP and osteocalcin (OC) were significantly lower (all P < 0.001). In the control group, there were 95 patients with ≥ partial response (PR) and the blood separation results were not changed, while 24 patients with 0.05). Compared with before treatment, the levels of ß-CTX and ß2-MG in the control group with unchanged blood separation results were significantly decreased (both P < 0.001), while the levels of P1NP and OC were significantly increased (P < 0.01, P < 0.001), and the level of each index in the patients transformed to abnormal blood separation result after treatment did not significantly change (P >0.05); the levels of ß-CTX and ß2-MG in the abnormal group transformed to normal blood separation result were significantly decreased (both P < 0.01), while the levels of P1NP and OC were significantly increased (P < 0.001, P < 0.01), and the level of each index in patients with unchanged blood separation results did not significantly change (P>0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum ß2-MG was positively correlated with ß-CTX (r =0.709, P < 0.001), and negatively correlated with P1NP and OC (r =-0.410,r =-0.412, both P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: MBD patients with abnormal blood separation results have higher bone disease grade and poor prognosis, which is closely related to the significant increase of bone resorption index ß-CTX level and decrease of bone formation index P1NP and OC levels, leading to more serious bone metabolic homeostasis disorder. The results of blood separation combined with the changes of bone metabolic indexes can be used as one of the comprehensive predictors of disease condition, efficacy monitoring and prognosis evaluation of MBD patients.

Roles of natural products on myokine expression and secretion in skeletal muscle atrophy.

Skeletal muscles serve both in movement and as endocrine organs. Myokines secreted by skeletal muscles activate biological functions within muscles and throughout the body via autocrine, paracrine, and/or endocrine pathways. Skeletal muscle atrophy can influence myokine expression and secretion, while myokines can impact the structure and function of skeletal muscles. Regulating the expression and secretion of myokines through the pharmacological approach is a strategy for alleviating skeletal muscle atrophy. Natural products possess complex structures and chemical properties. Previous studies have demonstrated that various natural products exert beneficial effects on skeletal muscle atrophy. This article reviewed the regulatory effects of natural products on myokines and summarized the research progress on skeletal muscle atrophy associated with myokine regulation. The focus is on how small-molecule natural products affect the regulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6), irisin, myostatin, IGF-1, and FGF-21 expression. We contend that the development of small-molecule natural products targeting the regulation of myokines holds promise in combating skeletal muscle atrophy.

Functional study of the soybean stamen-preferentially expressed gene GmFLA22a in regulating male fertility.

China has a high dependence on soybean imports, yield increase at a faster rate is an urgent problem that need to be solved at present. The application of heterosis is one of the effective ways to significantly increase crop yield. In recent years, the development of an intelligent male sterility system based on recessive nuclear sterile genes has provided a potential solution for rapidly harnessing the heterosis in soybean. However, research on male sterility genes in soybean has been lagged behind. Based on transcriptome data of soybean floral organs in our research group, a soybean stamen-preferentially expressed gene GmFLA22a was identified. It encodes a fasciclin-like arabinogalactan protein with the FAS1 domain, and subcellular localization studies revealed that it may play roles in the endoplasmic reticulum. Take advantage of the gene editing technology, the Gmfla22a mutant was generated in this study. However, there was a significant reduction in the seed-setting rate in the mutant plants at the reproductive growth stage. The pollen viability and germination rate of Gmfla22a mutant plants showed no apparent abnormalities. Histological staining demonstrated that the release of pollen grains in the mutant plants was delayed and incomplete, which may due to the locule wall thickening in the anther development. This could be the reason of the reduced seed-setting rate in Gmfla22a mutants. In summary, our study has preliminarily revealed that GmFLA22a may be involved in regulating soybean male fertility. It provides crucial genetic materials for further uncovering its molecular function and gene resources and theoretical basis for the utilization of heterosis in soybean.

Aminotransferases as causal factors for metabolic syndrome: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

BACKGROUND: Circulating aminotransferases (ALT and AST) have been used as biomarkers for liver injury. The causal relationships between aminotransferases and metabolic syndrome remain ambiguous. METHODS: We conducted bidirectional and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses between aminotransferases and traits related to metabolic syndrome using genetic variants obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWASs). MR-PRESSO tests were adopted to remove outliers and eliminate pleiotropy. MR steiger tests were conducted to ensure the correct direction of the causal effects. RESULTS: Both aminotransferases were risk factors for essential hypertension. ALT is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The bidirectional causal relationship between ALT and hyperglycemia, serum lipids, and obesity was demonstrated. The effect of fasting glucose on AST was demonstrated, while type 2 diabetes did not affect AST. The effect of HDL-C on ALT and the effect of triglycerides on AST were found in multivariable MR analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Our bidirectional MR analyses suggest that ALT and AST are causally associated with several metabolic syndrome-related traits, especially hypertension and type 2 diabetes. These findings highlight the potential role of aminotransferases as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for metabolic syndrome.

Enhanced Broadband Manipulation of Acoustic Vortex Beams Using 3-bit Coding Metasurfaces through Topological Optimization.

The acoustic coding metasurfaces (ACMs) have the ability to manipulate complex acoustic behavior by reconstructing the coding sequence. In particular, the design of broadband coding enhances the versatility of ACMs. ACMs offer significant advantages over traditional metasurfaces, including a limited number of units and flexible wave control performance. The unit quantity is determined by 2n, with 1-bit utilizing 2 units, 2-bit using 4 units, and 3-bit employing 8 units. Utilizing multiple bits allows for precise control over the phase of sound waves and enables the realization of more intricate acoustic functions. To address the requirements of broadband multi-bit applications, this paper presents the development of novel 3-bit broadband reflected acoustic coding metasurfaces (BACMs) with eight coding units. These metasurfaces are systematically designed using the bottom-up topology optimization method. A constant phase difference of 45° can be achieved across all eight coding units within a broad frequency range. Additionally, the spiral distribution of phase differences enables the construction of an acoustic vortex metasurface. Moreover, by combining the convolution method, the strategies are outlined for constructing vortex-focusing metasurfaces and vortex beam manipulation metasurfaces. These 3-bit coding metasurfaces possess significant potential in the fields of acoustic particle suspension and acoustic communication.

Characteristics of blood clotting on thromboelastography in patients with early burns.

BACKGROUND: Thromboelastography (TEG) is a viscoelastic test that may be used to evaluate the hemostatic function of whole blood, and it may be useful for burn patients with multiple hemostatic defects. METHODS: We retrospectively recruited patients with burns between January 2019 and July 2021. Blood samples were drawn on admission and subjected to coagulation parameter assessment, including conventional coagulation tests and TEG assessment. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to predict the occurrence of complications in patients with early burns. RESULTS: Ninety-three patients with early burns met the inclusion criteria. Patients with minor, moderate, severe, and extremely severe burns accounted for 19.4 %, 36.6 %, 16.1 %, and 27.9 % of all patients, respectively. Compared with the healthy controls, patients with early burns showed significant reductions in the R and K values, and significant elevation in the maximum amplitude (MA), coagulation index (CI), and alpha angle. Compared with minor and moderate burn patients, patients with severe and extremely severe burns had lower K values and thrombin time and higher alpha angle, CI, prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, D-dimer, and fibrin degradation products. Patients with hypercoagulation had lower R and K values, longer MA, longer CI, and greater alpha angle. After ROC analysis, the areas under the ROC curve for acute lung injury, acute kidney injury, and bleeding were 0.789, 0.802, and 0.900, respectively. CONCLUSION: TEG provides insight into the hemostatic state of patients with early burns, and can predict complications in early burn patients when combined with conventional coagulation tests.

Study on signal transmission mechanism of arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal network against root rot of Salvia miltiorrhiza.

To explore the signal transmission mechanism of the arbuscular mycorrhizal network against root rot of Salvia miltiorrhiza. In this experiment, the arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal network was established among Salvia miltiorrhiza plants, and a two plant three-compartment culture model was established. The root of the donor Salvia miltiorrhiza was inoculated with the pathogenic fungi Fusarium solani. The changes of hormone signals such as jasmonic acid and salicylic acid and the expression of related defense genes in the recipient Salvia miltiorrhiza plants in different periods were measured, to study the underground disease resistance signal transmission mechanism among medicinal plants. Salvia miltiorrhiza can transmit the signal of resistance to root rot through the jasmonic acid pathway; When plants suffer from disease stress, the content of JA increases significantly, and the increase of JA content will inhibit the content of SA in plants; The gene expression of PR-10 gene in the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza with arbuscular mycorrhizal network infected by pathogenic fungi was 17.56 times higher than that inoculated only with pathogenic fungi; Changes in hormone content will also cause changes in the expression of related defense genes, such as SnRK2 is inhibited by ABA in the signal transduction pathway, while JA and ABA show antagonistic changes after inoculation of pathogenic fungi in Salvia miltiorrhiza, so JA may positively regulate the expression of SnRK2 gene. Plants can transmit signals through AM hyphal network after being stressed by the pathogen Fusarium solani. In the arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal network, JA has important significance for the signal transmission of resistance to root rot and disease resistance of Salvia miltiorrhiza, which can make Salvia miltiorrhiza ready for stress resistance and improve the stress resistance of Salvia miltiorrhiza. This experiment is of great significance to further analyze the signal transmission mechanism of the arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal network.

4D-DIA quantitative proteomics revealed the core mechanism of diabetic retinopathy after berberine treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To reveal the core mechanism of berberine (BBR) in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR), by using Four-dimensional independent data acquisition (4D-DIA) proteomics combined bioinformatics analysis with experimental validation. METHODS: DR injury model was established by injecting streptozotocin intraperitoneally. At 8 weeks after BBR administration, optical coherence tomography (OTC) photos and Hematoxylin-eosin staining from retina in each group were performed, then the retina was collected for 4D-DIA quantitative proteomics detection. Moreover, difference protein analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, as well as molecular docking was performed, respectively. In the part of experiment, Western blot (WB) and immunofluorescent staining was used to confirm the change and distribution of carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1), one of the most important molecules from quantitative PCR detection. Lastly, RNA knockdown was used to determine the crucial role of CA1 in retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs) administrated with berberine. RESULTS: OCT detection showed that the outer nucleus, inner layer and outer accessory layer of RPEs were thinned in DR group, compared with in sham one, while they were thickened after berberine administration, when compared with in DR group. 10 proteins were screened out by using proteomic analysis and Venny cross plot, in which, denn domain containing 1A (DENND1A) and UTP6 small subunit processome component (UTP6) was down-regulated, while ATPase copper transporting alpha (ATP7A), periplakin (PPL), osteoglycin (OGN), nse1 Homolog (NSMCE1), membrane metalloendopeptidase (MME), lim domain only 4 (LMO4), CA1 and fibronectin 1 (FN1) was up-regulated in DR group, and the BBR treatment can effectively reverse their expressions. PPI results showed that 10 proteins shared interactions with each other, but only ATP7A, FN1 and OGN exhibited directly associated with each other. Moreover, we enlarged the linked relation up to 15 genes in network, based on 10 proteins found from proteomics detection, so as to perform deep GO and KEGG analysis. As a result, the most important biological process is involving rRNA processing; the most important cell component is small subunit processor; the most important molecular function is Phospholipid binding; the KEGG pathway was Ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes. Moreover, molecular docking showed that LMO4, ATP7A, PPL, NSMCE1, MME, CA1 could form a stable molecular binding pattern with BBR. Of these, the mRNA expression of CA1, PPL and ATP7A and the protein level of CA1 was increased in DR, and decreased in BBR group. Lastly, CA1 RNA knockdown confirmed the crucial role of CA1 in RPE administered with BBR. CONCLUSION: The present findings confirmed the role of BBR in DR treatment and explained associated molecular network mechanism, in which, CA1 could be considered as a crucial candidate in the protection of RPEs with berberine treatment.

Predictive value of chemokines (CCL 2) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for refractory mycoplasma pneumonia in children.

BACKGROUND: There are relatively few studies investigating C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP), and the relationship between CCL2 level in BALF and refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) is unclear. This study aims to explore the relationship between chemokine CCL2 level in BALF and clinical characteristics and clinical outcome in children with MPP. METHODS: A total of 51 children with confirmed acute MPP and requiring bronchoalveolar lavage in Department of Pediatrics, Huanghe Sanmenxia Hospital and The First Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University from October 2021 to February 2023 were selected as the study group. And 11 children with bronchial foreign body were selected as the control group. The study group was divided into the non-refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (NRMPP) group and the RMPP group based on the response to treatment. BALF and clinical data of the patients were collected. And CCL2 levels were tested in the patients. Differences in CCL2 level in BALF and clinical characteristics were tested and compared. RESULTS: The CCL2 level in BALF of the study group was higher than that of the control group, with significant difference (P < 0.05). With ROC curve, the area under the curve (AUC) of CCL2 in BALF predicting RMPP was 0.94, the cut-off value was 0.645 ng/ml, the sensitivity was 85%, and the specificity was 94%, and the diagnostic value was better than that of serum CRP and LDH. Logistic regression analysis was used to build the RMPP prediction model, and CCL2 showed good predictive value. CONCLUSION: The level of CCL2 in BALF was high in children with MPP and had a high predictive value for RMPP. CCL2 can be used as one of the biomarkers for predicting RMPP.

Antenatal steroid as an independent risk factor for vitamin K2 deficiency in newborns: A Chinese single-center, retrospective study.

OBJECTIVES: To identified vitamin K2 deficiency rate and risk factors among newborns in China and assess the importance of high-risk maternal intakes of vitamin K2. METHODS: This retrospective study was performed at the Neonatology Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, China. Routinely collected mother-neonate hospitalization data from July 2020 to January 2021 were analyzed. In total, data from 200 neonates who had completed vitamin K2 tests were utilized to assess the prevalence of vitamin K2 deficiency and identify the potential risk factors. According to the vitamin K2 level, the neonates were divided into 2 groups: cases (vitamin K2 deficiency) and controls (no vitamin K2 deficiency). The potential risk factors for vitamin K2 deficiency were evaluated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: The vitamin K2 level in 24 of the 200 neonates was undetectable (<0.05 ng/mL). The prevalence of low serum vitamin K2 (<0.1 ng/ml) was 33%. Study subjects with antenatal corticosteroids use had an approximately 5-fold greater risk of developing vitamin K2 deficiency. In the univariate analyses, small-for-gestational-age (SGA), caesarean section, maternal gestational diabetes and premature rupture of the membranes were risk factors for vitamin K2 deficiency. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, high antenatal corticosteroids use, cesarean section, and SGA were independently associated with vitamin K2 deficiency. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that antenatal corticosteroids use is independently associated with vitamin K2 deficiency. This finding highlights the importance of routine vitamin K2 supplementation in late-stage pregnant women and neonates in China.

Empirical study on the construction of a cognitive model of factorization in eighth-grade students.

The construction of cognitive models is the basis for cognitive diagnosis, and the cognitive models will change based on the purpose of the study. According to the purpose of mathematical education, the cognitive factorization model is constructed based on the competence and knowledge dimensions. The factorization cognitive model was preliminarily constructed using expert-defined and literature surveys, and a small-scale test was subsequently carried out. The rationality of the cognitive model was tested through verbal reports and the regression of the item's difficulty through the cognitive attributes. The study included a sample of 72 students from two eighth-grade classes in a junior high school located in Wuhan. A diagnosis was made based on the mastery of factorization knowledge and the level of mathematical operation ability of the eighth graders in the cognitive model. Research 1 demonstrates that the construction of the cognitive factorization model is reasonable. Research 2 shows that approximately 79% of students' mathematics operation ability can reach the level of knowledge understanding, 71% of students can reach the level of knowledge transfer, and only 28% of students can reach the level of knowledge innovation.

Risk prediction model for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during hospitalization in patients with coronary heart disease based on myocardial energy metabolic substrate.

Background: The early attack of coronary heart disease (CHD) is very hidden, and clinical symptoms generally do not appear until cardiovascular events occur. Therefore, an innovative method is needed to judge the risk of cardiovascular events and guide clinical decision conveniently and sensitively. The purpose of this study is to find out the risk factors related to MACE during hospitalization. In order to develop and verify the prediction model of energy metabolism substrates, and establish a nomogram to predict the incidence of MACE during hospitalization and evaluate their performance. Methods: The data were collected from the medical record data of Guang'anmen Hospital. This review study was collected the comprehensive clinical data of 5,935 adult patients hospitalized in the cardiovascular department from 2016 to 2021. The outcome index was the MACE during hospitalization. According to the occurrence of MACE during hospitalization, these data were divided into MACE group (n = 2,603) and non-MACE group (n = 425). Logistic regression was used to screen risk factors, and establish the nomogram to predict the risk of MACE during hospitalization. Calibration curve, C index and decision curve were used to evaluate the prediction model, and drawn ROC curve to find the best boundary value of risk factors. Results: The logistic regression model was used to establish a risk model. Univariate logistic regression model was mainly used to screen the factors significantly related to MACE during hospitalization in the training set (each variable is put into the model in turn). According to the factors with statistical significance in univariate logistic regression, five cardiac energy metabolism risk factors, including age, albumin(ALB), free fatty acid(FFA), glucose(GLU) and apolipoprotein A1(ApoA1), were finally input into the multivariate logistic regression model as the risk model, and their nomogram were drawn. The sample size of the training set was 2,120, the sample size of the validation set was 908. The C index of the training set is 0.655 [0.621,0.689], and the C index of the validation set was 0.674 [0.623,0.724]. The calibration curve and clinical decision curve show that the model performs well. The ROC curve was used to establish the best boundary value of the five risk factors, which could quantitatively present the changes of cardiac energy metabolism substrate, and finally achieved prediction of MACE during hospitalization conveniently and sensitively. Conclusion: Age, albumin, free fatty acid, glucose and apolipoprotein A1 are independent factors of CHD in MACE during hospitalization. The nomogram based on the above factors of myocardial energy metabolism substrate provides prognosis prediction accurately.

Quantifying the spatial nonstationary response of influencing factors on ecosystem health based on the geographical weighted regression (GWR) model: an example in Inner Mongolia, China, from 1995 to 2020.

The identification of ecosystem health and its influencing factors is crucial to the sustainable management of ecosystems and ecosystem restoration. Although numerous studies on ecosystem health have been carried out from different perspectives, few studies have systematically investigated the spatiotemporal heterogeneity between ecosystem health and its influencing factors. Considering this gap, the spatial relationships between ecosystem health and its factors concerning climate, socioeconomic, and natural resource endowment at the county level were estimated based on a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model. The spatiotemporal distribution pattern and driving mechanism of ecosystem health were systematically analysed. The results showed the following: (1) the ecosystem health level in Inner Mongolia spatially increases from northwest to southeast, displaying notable global spatial autocorrelation and local spatial aggregation. (2) The factors influencing ecosystem health exhibit significant spatial heterogeneity. Annual average precipitation (AMP) and biodiversity (BI) are positively correlated with ecosystem health, and annual average temperature (AMT) and land use intensity (LUI) are estimated to be negatively correlated with ecosystem health. (3) Annual average precipitation (AMP) significantly improves ecosystem health, whereas annual average temperature (AMT) significantly worsens eco-health in the eastern and northern regions. LUI negatively impacts ecosystem health in western counties (such as Alxa, Ordos, and Baynnur). This study contributes to extending our understanding of ecosystem health depending on spatial scale and can inform decision-makers about how to control various influencing factors to improve the local ecology under local conditions. Finally, this study also proposes some relevant policy suggestions and provides effective ecosystem preservation and management support in Inner Mongolia.

Comparison of Human Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factors 5A1 and 5AL1: Identification of Amino Acid Residues Important for EIF5A1 Lysine 50 Hypusination and Its Protein Stability.

The human eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (EIF5A) family consists of three members, namely EIF5A1, EIF5A2, and EIF5AL1. Recent studies have shown that the expression of EIF5As is related to many human diseases, such as diabetes, viral infection, central nervous system injury, and cancer. Among them, EIF5A1 plays different functions in various cancers, possibly as a tumor-suppressor or oncogene, while EIF5A2 promotes the occurrence and development of cancer. Yet, the biological function of EIF5AL1 is not being studied so far. Interestingly, although there are only three amino acid (at residues 36, 45, and 109) differences between EIF5A1 and EIF5AL1, we demonstrate that only EIF5A1 can be hypusinated while EIF5AL1 cannot, and EIF5AL1 has a tumor-suppressor-like function by inhibiting cell proliferation and migration. We also show that EIF5AL1 protein turnover is mediated through the proteasomal pathway, and EIF5AL1 protein turnover is much faster than that of EIF5A1, which may explain their differential protein expression level in cells. By engineering single and double mutations on these three amino acids, we pinpoint which of these amino acids are critical for hypusination and protein stability. The data of this work should fill in the gaps in EIF5As research and pave the way for future studies on EIF5AL1.

[Association between early-life factors and pubertal timing in girls]. / ç”Ÿå‘½æ—©æœŸå› ç´ ä¸Žå¥³ç”Ÿé’æ˜¥å‘åŠ¨æ—¶ç›¸çš„å ³è”åˆ†æž.

OBJECTIVES: To study the association between early-life factors (including birth weight, method of birth, gestational age, and history of gestational metabolic disorders) and pubertal timing in girls. METHODS: The stratified cluster sampling method was used to select the girls in grades 2-3 and 7-8 from three primary schools and three middle schools in Guangzhou, China from March to December, 2019, and breast development was examined for all girls. A questionnaire survey was performed to collect the information on early-life factors. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association of gestational metabolic disorders, birth weight, method of birth, and gestational age with pubertal timing in girls. The Bootstrap method was used to assess the mediation effect of body mass index (BMI) (Z score) between high birth weight (≥4 000 g) and pubertal timing. RESULTS: A total of 1 665 girls were enrolled, among whom 280 (16.82%) were judged to have early pubertal timing. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high birth weight was associated with the increased risk of early pubertal timing (OR=2.12, 95%CI: 1.19-3.66, P=0.008). Nevertheless, no significant association was observed between other early-life factors and pubertal timing (P>0.05). The OR for the mediation effect of BMI (Z score) between high birth weight and early pubertal timing was 1.25 (95%CI: 1.09-1.47), accounting for 29.33% of the total effect of high birth weight on early pubertal timing. CONCLUSIONS: High birth weight is associated with the increased risk of early pubertal timing in girls, and overweight/obesity may play a partial mediating role in the association between high birth weight and early pubertal timing in girls.

The use of human-derived feeder layers for the cultivation of transplantable human epidermal cell sheet to repair second degree burn wounds.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Human epidermal cell sheet (human-ECS) is a feasible treatment option for wound injury. Traditionally, researchers often use murine 3T3 fibroblast cells as feeder layer to support human epidermal cell sheet grafts, thus increase risk to deliver animal-borne infection. To overcome the potential risks involved with xenotransplantation, we develop human foreskin fibroblast cell as feeder layer culture system and investigate the effects of human-ECS on second-degree burn wound healing in mini-pig in order to develop more effective and safer therapies to enhance wound healing in human. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human epidermal keratinocytes and fibroblasts were isolated from foreskin tissue and were co-cultured to manufacture human-ECS. The cell morphology was monitored with phase-contrast microscopy, the stem cell markers were assessed by flow cytometry, and by colony-forming efficiency (CFE) assay. The structure of human-ECS was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Expression of cytokines in human-ECS was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Second-degree burn wounds were created on the dorsal of miniature pig to evaluate the effect of oil gauze, oil gauze combined with commercial epidermal growth factor (EGF) cream, and oil gauze combined with human-ECS. Wound healing rate, histological examination, and Masson staining were measured to observe the wound repair efficacy. Real-time PCR and Western blot were utilized to detect the expression level of EGF and interleukin 6 (IL-6). RESULTS: Stratified human-ECS with 6-7 layers of epidermal cells was successfully cultivated with human-derived feeder cells, in which epidermal cell highly expressed CD49f and CFE was 3% ± 0.45%. Application of human-ECS induced a higher wound healing rate than commerical EGF cream and oil gauze control. The expression of EGF in human-ECS group was higher than those in the other groups; however, the expression of IL-6 was significantly decreased at day 14 by human-ECS treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: Human-derived feeder cells are suitable for cultivation of human-ECS, avoiding pathogen transmission. Human-ECS could enhance second-degree burn wound healing, and its promoting effect involved secreting a variety of cytokines to regulate tissue reparative process.

Relationship between gut microbiota and nutritional status in patients on peritoneal dialysis.

Malnutrition is a common complication in the dialysis population, both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis (PD). We report our exploratory study on the characteristics of intestinal microbiota and nutritional status in PD patients. The nutritional status of our PD patients were evaluated, and their feces were collected for 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 regions amplification and high-throughput sequencing. The characteristics and differences of microbiota between the well-nourished (W) and malnourished (M) groups were compared. We studied the genera and the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) within the genus of our patients, initially comparing the malnourished and the well- nourished groups and later on reanalyzing the whole group using these OTUs. At the OTU level, 6 bacteria were significantly correlated with the serum albumin level. The abundances of 2 OTUs (OTU208 Lachnospiraceae_incertae_sedi and OTU4 Bacteroides) were more in W group. Meanwhile, 4 OTUs (OTU225 Akkermansia, OTU87 Megasphaera, OTU31 Peptostreptococcaceae_incertae_sedi and OTU168 Clostridium_sensu_strictu) displayed higher abundance among individuals in M group. Notably, the OTU168 Clostridium_sensu_stricto was the only bacteria that significantly correlated with serum albumin (r = - 0.356, P = 0.05), pre-albumin (r = - 0.399, P = 0.02), and SGA (r = 0.458, P = 0.01). The higher the OTU168 Clostridium_sensu_strictu, the lower serum albumin and pre-albumin and a higher score of SGA signifying a worse nutritional status. Our preliminary findings suggested a relationship between the nutrition status and microbiota in PD patients. Our results provide a basis for further exploration of the interactions between malnutrition and intestinal flora in PD patients with potential interventions using probiotics and prebiotics.

Two new degrade triterpenoids from Buxus bodinieri Levl.

Two new degrade cycloartane triterpenoids, named buboditones A, B (1, 2), together with ten known alkaloids, cyclobuxoviridine (3), N-dimethylcycloxobuxovircine (4), cyclovirobuxine C (5), cyclovirobuxine A (6), cycloprotobuxine C (7), cycloprotobuxine A (8), cyclobuxoxazine (9), cyclobuxoxazine A (10), buxruguline B (11), irehine (12), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Buxus bodinieri Levl., The structures of compounds 1-2 were elucidated by 1 D and 2 D NMR spectroscopic methods including HSQC, HMBC, 1H-1H COSY, NOESY, as well as HRESIMS spectroscopic analysis.