Prognostic Nutrition Index as a Biomarker for Treatment Sensitivity to Chemotherapy and Nivolumab as the First-Line Treatment in Patients with Unresectable Advanced or Recurrent Gastric Cancer: A Multicenter Study.

INTRODUCTION: This multicenter study aimed to determine whether the pretreatment prognostic nutrition index (PNI) or a change in the index after two treatment courses could be a biomarker for predicting treatment sensitivity in patients with unresectable advanced or recurrent gastric cancer (GC) treated using chemotherapy and nivolumab as the first-line treatment. METHODS: This multicenter retrospective study with 104 patients was conducted at 12 institutions. PNI was calculated before treatment and after two courses of treatment in each case. We also focused on changes in PNI from the pretreatment value. RESULTS: After two courses of chemotherapy plus nivolumab treatment, the high PNI group had significantly better rates of overall survival (OS) (p = 0.0016) and time to treatment failure (p = 0.0060). Low PNI was an independent prognostic factor predicting both therapeutic sensitivity to chemotherapy plus nivolumab treatment and poorer OS. Furthermore, correlation with low pretreatment PNI transitioning to high after two courses of treatment was not noted in any patient in the progressive disease group (p = 0.0075). CONCLUSIONS: PNI is a score composed of a patient's albumin level and lymphocyte count that can be easily assessed in daily clinical practice. Evaluating it is easy for each treatment; thus, when there is a focus on its transition, PNI could be a very powerful biomarker for predicting treatment sensitivity.

Impact of Tumoral ß2-Adrenergic Receptor Expression on Chemotherapeutic Response and Prognosis in Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer.

BACKGROUND: The ß2-adrenergic receptor (ß2-AR) is a therapeutic target for circulatory agonists and exhibits oncogenic activity in several cancers. However, its role in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) treated using chemotherapy remains unclear. We investigated the potential of ß2-AR as a novel chemosensitivity marker and therapeutic target in inoperable CRC. METHODS: ß2-AR expression was evaluated immunohistochemically in 80 advanced or recurrent CRC cases for which untreated resected specimens were available before systemic chemotherapy implementation. We assessed the relationship among ß2-AR protein expression, clinicopathological factors, therapeutic response, and prognosis. Furthermore, we evaluated the significance of ß2-AR as an in vitro and in vivo therapeutic target using CRC cell lines and a CRC xenograft model treated with the ß-blocker, propranolol, and other anticancer agents. RESULTS: High tumoral ß2-AR expression was associated with shorter progression-free survival and chemotherapeutic resistance in patients treated with oxaliplatin-based regimens and bevacizumab-based regimens. We found no synergistic effect between propranolol and oxaliplatin. However, combined administration of propranolol and bevacizumab induced significant tumor shrinkage in the CRC xenograft model. CONCLUSIONS: ß2-AR is a possible biomarker for chemosensitivity and prognosis in advanced CRC. Repositioning existing ß-blockers could be beneficial for treating CRC resistant to existing treatment regimens.

Identification of Biomarkers for Assessing Treatment Efficacy of Chemotherapy plus Nivolumab as the First Line in Patients with Unresectable Advanced or Recurrent Gastric Cancer: A Multicenter Study.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to identify biomarkers for predicting treatment outcomes and efficacy of chemotherapy plus nivolumab, as well as predict immune-related adverse events (irAEs) characteristics of immune checkpoint inhibitors. METHODS: This multicenter study included 104 patients who received chemotherapy plus nivolumab as the primary treatment for unresectable advanced recurrent gastric cancer. Blood test results were collected before the start and after two courses of treatment. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, prognostic nutritional index, and lactate dehydrogenase/albumin ratio (LAR) were examined after treatment in each case to determine changes compared to values before the start of treatment. RESULTS: A total of 57 (54.8%) patients experienced a complete or partial response. The LAR of the stable disease/progressive disease group significantly increased (p = 0.018). An examination of the presence of grade ≥3 irAEs and changes in related factors showed that the LAR of all patients increased. CONCLUSION: The LAR was correlated with the best therapeutic response; therefore, it may be a potential biomarker of treatment outcomes and efficacy.

Conversion Surgery After Chemotherapy Plus Nivolumab as the First-Line Treatment for Unresectable Advanced or Recurrent Gastric Cancer and a Biomarker Study Using the Gustave Roussy Immune Score: A Multicenter Study.

BACKGROUND: There are few reports on conversion surgery (CS) after chemotherapy plus nivolumab as a first-line treatment in patients with unresectable advanced or recurrent gastric cancer (GC). This multicenter study was conducted to analyze real-world data on CS after chemotherapy plus nivolumab as a first-line treatment and to identify predictive biomarkers. METHODS: This multicenter study included 104 patients who received chemotherapy plus nivolumab as primary treatment for unresectable advanced recurrent GC from 12 institutes. We investigated and analyzed patient characteristics and blood test data in the presence or absence of CS, the relationship between the Gustave Roussy Immune Score (GRIm-s) and CS, and the characteristics of CS cases. RESULTS: CS was performed in 12 patients (11.5%). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG-PS) was significantly better in patients who underwent CS (p < 0.0001). There were no CS cases with high-risk GRIm-s (0%), however there were 22 non-CS cases (23.9%). No high-risk GRIm-s cases were converted to CS. Minimally invasive surgery was performed in 50.0% of the cases, with R0 resection in all cases and only one case of urinary retention (Grade II) as a postoperative complication, indicating a good postoperative short-term outcome. There were two cases of postoperative recurrence (16.7%), both of which were grade 1b. CONCLUSIONS: The short-term postoperative results of CS after chemotherapy plus nivolumab as the first-line treatment for GC were acceptable in this study. There were no high-risk GRIm-s cases among those who underwent CS, suggesting that the GRIm-s may be a predictor of CS.

ASO Author Reflections: The Gustave Roussy Immune Score May Be a Useful Biomarker for Conversion Surgery After Chemotherapy Plus Nivolumab as the First-Line Treatment for Gastric Cancer.

PAST: There are no reports of promising biomarkers that predict which cases can be transferred to conversion surgery (CS) after chemotherapy plus nivolumab as first-line treatment for unresectable advanced or recurrent gastric cancer (GC). The purpose of this multicenter retrospective study was to conduct an analysis of real-world data on CS after chemotherapy plus nivolumab as a first-line treatment and to identify predictive biomarkers. PRESENT: We showed the CS transition rate was 11.5%. All CS cases had R0 resection, and the postoperative short-term outcome was acceptable. There were no high-risk Gustave Roussy Immune Score (GRIm-s) cases among those who underwent CS. FUTURE: Although this study was a multicenter study, the number of patients was small. A randomized controlled trial should be conducted for a more detailed study of the significance of CS.

A Mature Tertiary Lymphoid Structure with a Ki-67-Positive Proliferating Germinal Center Is Associated with a Good Prognosis and High Intratumoral Immune Cell Infiltration in Advanced Colorectal Cancer.

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are complex lymphocyte clusters that arise in non-lymphoid tissues due to inflammation or cancer. A mature TLS with proliferating germinal centers is associated with a favorable prognosis in various cancers. However, the effect of TLS maturity on advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unexplored. We analyzed the significance of TLS maturity and tumor Ki-67 expression in surgically resected tumors from 78 patients with pathological T4 CRC. Mature TLS was defined as the organized infiltration of T and B cells with Ki-67-positive proliferating germinal centers. We analyzed the relationship between TLS maturity and intratumoral immune cell infiltration. Mature TLS with germinal center Ki-67 expression was associated with microsatellite instability and improved survival; however, high tumor Ki-67 expression was associated with poor survival in the same cohort. Multivariate analysis identified the absence of mature TLS as an independent predictor of poor post-recurrence overall survival. Intratumoral infiltration of T lymphocytes and macrophages was significantly elevated in tumors with mature TLS compared to those lacking it. High Ki-67 levels and absent mature TLS were identified as poor prognostic factors in advanced CRC. Mature TLS could serve as a promising marker for patients at high-risk of CRC.

The Gustave Roussy Immune score is a powerful biomarker for predicting therapeutic resistance to chemotherapy in gastric cancer patients.

PURPOSE: It is highly important to be able to predict the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy on patients with unresectable advanced or recurrent gastric cancer (GC). The Gustave Roussy Immune Score (GRIm-s) is a predictor of therapeutic sensitivity to chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in other cancers. The present study aimed to analyze the association of the GRIm-s with the therapeutic sensitivity of first-line chemotherapy in GC patients. METHODS: We included 156 patients receiving primary chemotherapy treatment for unresectable or advanced recurrent GC between January 2012 and December 2021 at our institution. We evaluated the correlation between the GRIm-s and therapeutic sensitivities to chemotherapy. The GRIm-s was assessed before the start of first-line chemotherapy. RESULTS: Among the 156 patients, 138 (88.5%) and 18 (11.5%) were classified in the low- and high-risk groups, respectively. The GRIm-s high-risk group was significantly older (p = 0.013), had more advanced unresectable cancer (p = 0.0098), and was significantly less likely to progress to second-line chemotherapy (p = 0.014). The overall survival rate (OS) (p = 0.039) and the progression free survival rate (PFS) (p = 0.017) were significantly worse in the GRIm-s high-risk group. The high GRIm-s was an independent prognostic factor for poor survival in multivariate analysis (p = 0.0094). CONCLUSIONS: Focusing on the GRIm-s before first-line chemotherapy initiation for unresectable advanced or postoperative recurrent GC was useful in predicting the therapeutic resistance to chemotherapy, transition to second-line chemotherapy, and poor prognosis.

Importance of duodenal stump reinforcement to prevent stump leakage after gastrectomy: a large-scale multicenter retrospective study (KSCC DELICATE study).

BACKGROUND: The significance of reinforcement of the duodenal stump with seromuscular sutures and the effectiveness of reinforced staplers in preventing duodenal stump leakage remain unclear. We aimed to explore the importance of duodenal stump reinforcement and determine the optimal reinforcement method for preventing duodenal stump leakage. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2021, with data analyzed between December 1, 2022 and September 30, 2023. This multicenter study across 57 institutes in Japan included 16,475 patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical gastrectomies. Elective open or minimally invasive (laparoscopic or robotic) gastrectomy was performed in patients with gastric cancer. RESULTS: Duodenal stump leakage occurred in 153 (0.93%) of 16,475 patients. The proportions of males, patients aged ≥ 75 years, and ≥ pN1 were higher in patients with duodenal stump leakage than in those without duodenal stump leakage. The incidence of duodenal stump leakage was significantly lower in the group treated with reinforcement by seromuscular sutures or using reinforced stapler than in the group without reinforcement (0.72% vs. 1.19%, p = 0.002). Duodenal stump leakage incidence was also significantly lower in high-volume institutions than in low-volume institutions (0.70% vs. 1.65%, p = 0.047). The rate of duodenal stump leakage-related mortality was 7.8% (12/153). In the multivariate analysis, preoperative asthma and duodenal invasion were identified as independent preoperative risk factors for duodenal stump leakage-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The duodenal stump should be reinforced to prevent duodenal stump leakage after radical gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer.

Poorly cohesive gastric cancer with increased epithelial­mesenchymal transition is associated with a poor prognosis.

The present study examined the surgical outcome and prognosis of patients with poorly cohesive carcinoma (PCC), and characterized the molecular pathological factors, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and interstitial signals of the disease. A total of 281 patients who underwent gastric cancer (GC) surgery between April 2015 and August 2020 were included. Furthermore, tissue samples from another 197 patients with GC who underwent surgery between 1999 and 2003 were assessed using a tissue microarray. Preoperatively treated cases and endoscopic submucosal dissection cases were excluded, and multiple blocks containing the invasion region were collected for tissue microarray. For tissue microarray analysis, the clinicopathological factors of protein wnt3a (wnt3a), leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5, transforming growth factor-ß-induced, phosphorylated serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR and E-cadherin expression were collected as EMT markers. The results of the surgical case evaluation and tissue microarray indicated that PCC was more common in younger patients and women, as the ratio of women to men was higher in the PCC group compared with that in the non-PCC group. However, none of the results revealed that the prognosis was worse in all patients with PCC compared with the non-PCC group. Furthermore, in the tissue microarray study, PCC samples exhibited significantly decreased expression of the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin, suggesting enhanced EMT, which activates wnt3a signaling. PCC with increased EMT was significantly associated with a poor prognosis.

Risks and Outcomes of Early Dose Reduction in Adjuvant CAPOX Therapy for Colorectal Cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Adjuvant capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX) therapy is standard strategy for colorectal cancer with risk of recurrence. Early dose reduction (EDR) of CAPOX therapy is commonly used in real-world practice. However, there is limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of CAPOX for patients who had EDR. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the risks of EDR and its effect on long-term outcomes and body composition factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients who received CAPOX therapy after radical surgery for colorectal cancer between June 2013 and December 2021 were included. EDR was defined as dose reduction within four courses of CAPOX therapy. Body composition factors were measured for 1 year following surgery to determine the EDR effects. RESULTS: Eighty-four patients were included; 35 (42%) of them had EDR. The multivariate analysis revealed that underweight [odds ratio (OR)=4.95, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.13-21.7, p=0.03] was a risk factor for EDR. Relapse-free survival (RFS) was significantly better in the non-EDR group (p=0.01). The 5-year RFS rates for the non-EDR and EDR groups were 88.7% and 65.4%, respectively. The multivariate analysis revealed that age >65 years [hazard ratio (HR)=3.97; 95% CI=1.16-13.62, p=0.03] and EDR (HR=7.62; 95% CI=1.71-33.91, p=0.005) were associated with poorer RFS. The 1-year body composition analysis revealed decreases in all factors in the EDR group. CONCLUSION: Preoperative underweight status was associated with EDR, which resulted in decreased RFS and body composition factors when compared with the non-EDR group. Therefore, avoiding EDR and early nutritional intervention after EDR may improve outcomes.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus successfully treated with multidisciplinary therapy for metachronous metastatic and local recurrences after DCF chemotherapy: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (DCF) chemotherapy is reportedly an effective treatment strategy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA). However, studies regarding its use in Japanese patients remain scarce. CASE PRESENTATION: Here, we present the case of an 82-year-old woman with SCCA, cStage IIIB. Chemoradiotherapy was initiated after colostomy of the anorectal mass; however, para-aortic lymph node recurrence was observed 3 months after treatment completion. Five courses of DCF chemotherapy were subsequently administered, resulting in a complete response (CR). Two years and 1 month later, the aortic lymph node was enlarged again, and the patient achieved CR again after radiotherapy. Nine months later, local recurrence was detected in the anal canal, and laparoscopic perineal rectal amputation was performed. The patient remains progression-free 5 years and 10 months after the initial treatment and 1 year and 7 months after the final treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that complementary treatment after DCF chemotherapy may be efficacious in Japanese patients with SCCA and help achieve CR. Despite occasional local recurrences, this approach may help achieve long-term progression-free survival.

Effectiveness of Combination Chemotherapy With Docetaxel, Nedaplatin, and 5-Fluorouracil for Advanced and Recurrent Esophageal Cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Chemotherapy and immunotherapy have been recently developed as potentially useful first-line treatments for unresectable, advanced, or recurrent esophageal cancer. We performed a retrospective study of the therapeutic effectiveness of triplet chemotherapy with docetaxel, nedaplatin, and 5-fluorouracil therapy for advanced, recurrent, and unresectable advanced esophageal cancer at our hospital and compared the regimen's results with those of current and possible future treatment options. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study cohort comprised 101 patients who received docetaxel, nedaplatin, and 5-fluorouracil for advanced or recurrent esophageal cancer at Gunma University from May 2008 to December 2017. We retrospectively evaluated the results of this combination chemotherapy and postulated future treatment strategies. RESULTS: The overall response and disease control rates, the latter including stable disease, for docetaxel, nedaplatin, and 5-fluorouracil were 33.6% and 61.4%, respectively. The median overall survival and progression-free survival were 12.26 months and 5.1 months, respectively. In patients with recurrence, the median overall and progression-free survivals were 14.97 months (449 days) and 5.1 months (152 days), respectively. No study patients developed acute kidney injury and there were no treatment-related deaths. However, leukopenia and neutropenia were frequent hematologic toxicities. CONCLUSION: Treatment with docetaxel, nedaplatin, and 5-fluorouracil for advanced or recurrent esophageal cancer is particularly useful for recurrent cases and has the advantage of not causing severe renal dysfunction.

Retrograde drainage for duodenal stump leakage using ileal decompression tube guided by double-balloon endoscopy: a novel case report.

BACKGROUND: Duodenal stump leakage is a serious post-gastrectomy complication, and there have been no reports on endoscopic drainage. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of duodenal stump leakage after laparoscopic gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction in a 68-year-old man. First-line conservative management was ineffective. Reoperation was performed because of severe abdominal pain and increased ascites. After reoperation, duodenal stump leakage recurred with bleeding from the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. Coil embolization and pigtail catheter insertion were performed. Furthermore, we retrogradely inserted an ileal tube for tube decompression near the duodenal stump using double-balloon endoscopy for effective drainage. After tube insertion, duodenal stump leakage decreased; on the 47th primary postoperative day, the patient was discharged. The primary postoperative course was uneventful after 1 year and 9 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first successful case of duodenal stump leakage treated with retrograde decompression tube insertion near the duodenal stump using double-balloon endoscopy.

Two-Team Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision and En Bloc Resection of the Lateral Pelvic Lymph Nodes, Main Iliac Vessels, and Pelvic Plexus for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer With Lateral Lymph Node Metastasis.

BACKGROUND: Here, we describe the precise surgical technique for a novel procedure involving 2-team transanal total mesorectal excision with en bloc lateral pelvic lymph node (LPLN) dissection combined with resection of the involved main internal iliac vessels and pelvic plexus. METHODS: From September 2020 to May 2023, 4 patients underwent the procedure at our hospital. RESULTS: The operation time and blood loss were 272 to 412 minutes and 10 to 124 mL, respectively. No patients required conversion to open surgery or exhibited Clavien-Dindo grade III or worse postoperative complications, although 2 developed grade II urinary dysfunction. All surgical margins were negative. CONCLUSIONS: Our novel 2-team method can facilitate safe and satisfactory surgery, even for highly advanced rectal cancer. The transanal approach offers excellent visibility and operability, even during LPLN and adjacent structure dissection. Furthermore, initial dissection of the distal branches of the iliac vessels prevents excessive lymphatic tissue congestion, facilitating easier, and clearer dissection.

Efficacy of thoracic endovascular aortic repair for aorto-esophageal fistula due to esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aorto-esophageal fistula (AEF) due to esophageal cancer (EC) is a life-threatening condition characterized by sudden hemorrhage, which often causes sudden death. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for AEF due to EC, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched the MEDLINE (PubMed) databases, the Cochrane Library databases, Ichushi-Web (the databases of the Japan Medical Abstract Society), and CiNii (Academic information search service of the National Institute of Information from Japan) from January 2000 to November 2023 for articles about TEVAR for an emergent aortic hemorrhage (salvage TEVAR [S-TEVAR]), and the prophylactic procedure (P-TEVAR). Six studies (140 cases) were eligible for meta-analysis. The 90-day mortality of S-TEVAR and P-TEVAR was 40% (95% CI 23-60, I2 = 36%) and 8% (95% CI 3-17, I2 = 0%), respectively. Post-S-TEVAR hemorrhagic and infectious complications were 17% (95% CI 3-57, I2 = 71%) and 20% (95% CI 5-57, I2 = 66%), respectively. Post-P-TEVAR hemorrhagic and infectious complications were 2% (95% CI 0-10, I2 = 0%) and 3% (95% CI 1-12, I2 = 0%), respectively. TEVAR for AEF due to EC may be a useful therapeutic option to manage or prevent hemorrhagic oncological emergencies.

Prognostic value of a modified­immune scoring system in patients with pathological T4 colorectal cancer.

Tumor-infiltrating immune cells, such as lymphocytes and macrophages, have been associated with tumor aggressiveness, prognosis and treatment response in colorectal cancer (CRC). An immune scoring system, Immunoscore (IS), based on tumor-infiltrating T cells in stage I-III CRC, was used to predict prognosis. An alternative immune scoring signature of immune activation (SIA) reflects the balance between anti- and pro-tumoral immune components. The present study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of modified IS (mIS) and modified SIA (mSIA) in locally advanced pathological T4 (pT4) CRC, including stage IV CRC. Immunohistochemical staining for immune cell markers, such as CD3 (pan-T cell marker), CD8 (anti-tumoral cytotoxic T cell marker) and CD163 (tumor-supportive macrophage marker), in specimens from patients with radically resected pT4 CRC at stages II-IV was performed. mIS levels in the T4 CRC cohort were not associated with prognosis. However, low mSIA levels were associated with low survival. Furthermore, low mSIA was an independent predictor of recurrence in patients with radically resected pT4 CRC. In patients with CRC who did not receive postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, low mSIA was a major poor prognostic factor; however, this was not observed in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Evaluation of the tumor-infiltrating immune cell population could serve as a valuable marker of recurrence and poor prognosis in patients with locally advanced CRC. mSIA assessment after radical CRC resection may be promising for identifying high-risk patients with pT4 CRC who require aggressive adjuvant chemotherapy.

A Novel Method for Thoracoscopic Overlap Esophagogastric Reconstruction With Pleural Closure following Minimally Invasive Ivor-Lewis Esophagectomy for Esophagogastric Junction Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis following minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy is a technically demanding surgical technique that can result in serious intrathoracic infections when anastomotic leakage occurs. Herein, we report a novel side-overlap esophagogastric anastomosis with pleural closure for esophagogastric junction cancer. METHODS: The 3 key points of our novel technique were the following: (1) overlap esophagogastric anastomosis and closure of the entry hole were all performed using a linear stapler; (2) the pleura was closed to separate the anastomotic site from the thoracic cavity; and (3) the mediastinal drain was inserted transhiatally from the abdominal cavity. RESULTS: This modified anastomosis procedure was performed on 8 consecutive patients at our institution. The median overall/thoracoscopic operating time and estimated blood loss were 652.5/241.5 min and 89 mL, respectively. No mortality or serious postoperative complications occurred, and the median postoperative hospital stay was 22 days (range, 17 to 37 d). CONCLUSION: This novel thoracoscopic overlap esophagogastric reconstruction procedure with pleural closure is safe and feasible.

Usefulness of the preoperative inflammation-based prognostic score and the ratio of visceral fat area to psoas muscle area on predicting survival for surgically resected adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction.

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenic obesity is associated with gastrointestinal cancer prognosis through systemic inflammation. However, in patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG), the relationship between the inflammation-based prognostic score (IBPS), muscle loss, visceral fat mass, and prognosis has not been sufficiently evaluated. We investigated the prognostic value of the preoperative IBPS and the visceral fat area ratio to the psoas muscle area (V/P ratio) in patients with AEG undergoing surgery. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 92 patients with AEG who underwent surgery. The prognostic value of the preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, systemic inflammation response index, C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio, prognostic nutritional index, modified Glasgow Prognostic Score, and V/P ratio at the third lumbar vertebra was investigated using univariate and multivariate survival analyses. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis revealed that a high pathological stage (p = 0.0065), high PLR (p = 0.0421), and low V/P ratio (p = 0.0053) were independent prognostic factors for poor overall survival (OS). When restricted to patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2, a high V/P ratio was a poor prognostic factor (p = 0.0463) for OS. Conversely, when restricted to patients with BMI < 25 kg/m2, a low V/P ratio was a poor prognostic factor (p = 0.0021) for OS. CONCLUSIONS: Both PLR and V/P ratios may be useful prognostic biomarkers in surgical cases of AEG. V/P ratio and BMI may provide an accurate understanding of the muscle and fat mass's precise nature and may help predict AEG prognosis.

Importance of Progression-free Survival in Second-line Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced or Recurrent Gastric Cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Impact of second-line chemotherapy in unresectable advanced/recurrent gastric/esophagogastric junction cancer (AGC) remains unclear. This retrospective analysis aimed to identify factors affecting prognosis in chemotherapy for patients with AGC, including the importance of progression-free survival in second-line chemotherapy (PFS-2). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data from a total of 109 patients with AGC that received second-line treatment were analyzed with the aim of clarifying prognostic factors. Furthermore, the correlation between PFS-2 and clinical characteristics and the association between PFS-2 and inflammation-based and/or nutritional markers were investigated. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis identified the following prognostic factors: ECOG PS ≥1, presence of peritoneal dissemination, metastasis in two or more organs, and taxane use on second-line chemotherapy. Short PFS-2 was strongly associated with prognosis in the univariate analysis [hazard ratio (HR)=3.107, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.969-4.904, p<0.001]. The duration of PFS-2 was significantly correlated with ECOG PS (p=0.019), liver metastasis rates (p=0.035) and taxane use on second-line chemotherapy (p=0.001). In addition, weight loss rate during first-line treatment (p=0.042), white blood cell count (p=0.008), C-reactive protein (p=0.032), c-reactive protein to albumin ratio (p=0.039), prognostic index (p=0.028), and modified Glasgow prognostic score (p=0.027) were significantly associated with the duration of PFS-2. CONCLUSION: The duration of PFS-2 significantly correlated with ECOG PS, liver metastasis, and taxane use on second-line treatment, and strongly affected OS. It was suggested that the presence of malnutrition and inflammation at the start of second-line therapy had a negative impact on PFS-2 and OS.