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INTRODUCTION: This meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of hypothyroidism among pregnant women in India. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Shodhganga (Indian thesis repository) for observational studies, providing prevalence of hypothyroidism among pregnant women in India. Systematic study selection and data extraction procedures were followed. Quality assessment of each study was done using JBI critical appraisal checklist. The random effects model was used for pooling the effect sizes. Publication bias was assessed using the funnel plot and rank correlation test. I 2 statistics was used to measure heterogeneity across the studies. Heterogeneity in the pooled estimates was further explored with subgroup analyses and meta-regression analysis. RESULTS: Sixty-one studies were found eligible and included in this review. The pooled estimate of the prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnant women was 11.07% (95% CI: 8.79-13.84, I 2 = 99%). Pooled prevalence estimates of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism are 9.51% (95% CI: 7.48-12.04, I 2 = 98%) and 2.74% (95% CI: 2.08-3.58, I 2 = 94%). CONCLUSION: We documented 11.07% pooled prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnant women in India.
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INTRODUCTION: The mental health of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women is a relatively understudied area. This review formally explores the prevalence of depression in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in India. METHODS: Databases like PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of Science and Scopus were systematically searched for cross-sectional or cohort studies, providing prevalence of depression in Indian perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Systematic study selection and data extraction procedures were followed. Quality assessment of individual study was done using AXIS tool. For pooling of effect sizes, the random effects model was used. Funnel plot and Egger's test were used to ascertain publication bias. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression analysis were used to explore heterogeneity in the summary estimates. RESULTS: After a thorough search, ten studies were found to be eligible and included in this review. Pooled estimate for prevalence of depression (random effects model) in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in India is 42.47 % (95 % CI: 28.73-57.49, I2 = 97.7 %). On visual inspection of the funnel plot and interpreting egger's test (bias: 3.49, SE bias: 3.68, p = 0.37), there was absence of publication bias. CONCLUSION: We documented 42.47 % pooled prevalence of depression in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in India.
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Depresión , Perimenopausia , Estudios Transversales , Depresión/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , India/epidemiología , Posmenopausia , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females worldwide, and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women. The incidence is on the rise in India, and breast cancer is the second most common malignancy in Indian women. OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk factors for breast cancer patients living in Bhopal. STUDY DESIGN AND METHOD: This case-control study was conducted in Bhopal urban agglomerate for a period of a year from October 2008 to August 2009. Demographic data and reproductive risk factor related information was collected using a structured questionnaire with analyses by Epi-info and SPSS 16. RESULTS: A history of oral contraceptive pill use (OR=2.77, 95% CI: 1.15-6.65), history of not having breastfeeding (OR=3.49, 95% CI:1.22-9.97), over weight (OR=0.11, 95%CI:0.02-0.49), obese women (OR=0.24, 95%CI: 0.06-0.88) and family history of breast cancer (OR=3.89, 95% CI: 1.01-14.92) were associated significantly with the occurrence of breast cancer on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study suggests that positive family history of breast cancer and history of using OCP may be the epigenetic factors promoting the occurrence of breast cancer while breastfeeding reduces the possibility of acquiring breast cancer.
