Epidemiological characterization of notified human brucellosis cases in Southern Brazil.

Brucellosis is one of the most important and widespread bacterial zoonotic diseases worldwide, and it is transmitted to humans from various sources, including direct contact with infected animals and the ingestion of contaminated products, including unpasteurized milk. There are only a few epidemiological studies on said disease in humans in Western Santa Catarina, a region instantiated by agriculture. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the epidemiological aspects of human brucellosis reported in Western Santa Catarina from 2013 to 2018. The data were provided by the Epidemiological Surveillance Board (Diretoria de Vigilancia Epidemiologica). The frequency of the disease in humans and the epidemiological profile of confirmed human cases were evaluated. Cases that were screened positive and those that were confirmed and submitted to the therapeutic protocol were analyzed. During the study period, 3,671 people were tested, of which 12.34% were screened positive (453/ 3,671) and 3.40% were confirmed (125/3,671). The year with the highest number of people testing positive was 2015 (123 cases), and 2018 was the year with the highest number of confirmed cases (39 cases). Confirmed cases predominated in males (48.8%), self-declared white (22.4%), aged 20-59 years old (60%), with incomplete primary education (22.4%), of rural origin (59.2%), with occupational contact with cattle (64.8%), engaged in professions directly linked to agricultural and livestock activities (55.5%), and who reported consumption of unpasteurized dairy products (59.2%). No seasonal variation was observed in case numbers. The results demonstrated that brucellosis is an endemic disease in Western Santa Catarina.

Epidemiological characterization of notified human brucellosis cases in Southern Brazil

ABSTRACT Brucellosis is one of the most important and widespread bacterial zoonotic diseases worldwide, and it is transmitted to humans from various sources, including direct contact with infected animals and the ingestion of contaminated products, including unpasteurized milk. There are only a few epidemiological studies on said disease in humans in Western Santa Catarina, a region instantiated by agriculture. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the epidemiological aspects of human brucellosis reported in Western Santa Catarina from 2013 to 2018. The data were provided by the Epidemiological Surveillance Board (Diretoria de Vigilancia Epidemiologica). The frequency of the disease in humans and the epidemiological profile of confirmed human cases were evaluated. Cases that were screened positive and those that were confirmed and submitted to the therapeutic protocol were analyzed. During the study period, 3,671 people were tested, of which 12.34% were screened positive (453/ 3,671) and 3.40% were confirmed (125/3,671). The year with the highest number of people testing positive was 2015 (123 cases), and 2018 was the year with the highest number of confirmed cases (39 cases). Confirmed cases predominated in males (48.8%), self-declared white (22.4%), aged 20-59 years old (60%), with incomplete primary education (22.4%), of rural origin (59.2%), with occupational contact with cattle (64.8%), engaged in professions directly linked to agricultural and livestock activities (55.5%), and who reported consumption of unpasteurized dairy products (59.2%). No seasonal variation was observed in case numbers. The results demonstrated that brucellosis is an endemic disease in Western Santa Catarina.

Epidemiological characterization of reported cases of brucellosis in cattle in the western region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil / Caracterização epidemiológica dos casos notificados de brucelose em bovinos na região Oeste do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil

ABSTRACT: Brucellosis is one of the most important and widespread bacterial zoonoses in the world. There are few epidemiological studies on brucellosis in cattle in the productive region of western Santa Catarina. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the epidemiological aspects of bovine brucellosis reported in this region from 2013 to 2018. Cattle data were provided by the Integrated Company for Agricultural Development of Santa Catarina (Companhia Integrada de Desenvolvimento Agrícola de Santa Catarina - CIDASC). The prevalence of the disease was evaluated in cattle and herds by means of temporal trend analysis and spatial distribution. Bovines with tests showing positive for brucellosis were analyzed for location (municipality) and year of confirmation of diagnosis. In the study period (2013-2018), 686,086 tests were performed for brucellosis, with a prevalence rate of 1.11% (7,586/686,086). Among the 80,171 herds tested, 0.95% were found to be positive (764/80171). The odds ratio of brucellosis occurrence in cattle increased significantly in 2015 (OR = 1.55) and 2016 (OR = 1.97) and decreased in 2014 (OR = 0.47) and 2017 (OR = 0.97). The disease is present in cattle in 61.07% (80/131) of the municipalities where the tests were performed. Results showed that brucellosis is endemic in the region.

RESUMO: A brucelose é uma das zoonoses bacterianas mais importantes e difundidas no mundo. São poucos os estudos epidemiológicos sobre a doença em bovinos na região produtiva do Oeste de Santa Catarina. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os aspectos epidemiológicos da brucelose bovina notificados nesta região entre os anos de 2013 a 2018. Os dados sobre os bovinos foram fornecidos pela Companhia Integrada de Desenvolvimento Agrícola de Santa Catarina (CIDASC). Foram avaliadas as prevalências da doença nos bovinos e rebanhos, por meio de análise de tendência temporal e distribuição espacial. Os bovinos, cujo exame confirmatório mostrou positividade para brucelose, foram analisados quanto à localização (município) e o ano de confirmação do diagnóstico. No período de estudo (2013-2018) foram realizados 686.086 testes para brucelose, encontrando-se prevalência de 1,11% (7.586/686.086) de animais positivos, enquanto a prevalência de rebanhos positivos, dentre os 80.171 testados, foi de 0,95% (764/80171). As razões de chances de ocorrência de brucelose nos bovinos aumentaram significativamente nos anos de 2015 (OR= 1,55) e 2016 (OR= 1,97) e diminuíram em 2014 (OR= 0,47) e 2017 (OR= 0,97). A doença está presente nos bovinos em 61,07% (80/131) dos municípios em que foram realizados os testes. Os resultados demonstram que a brucelose é endêmica na região.

Enzootic instability for bovine anaplasmosis on family farms located in southwestern Paraná, Brazil / Instabilidade enzoótica para anaplasmose bovina em propriedades de agricultura familiar do sudoeste paranaense, Brasil

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the occurence of animals seropositive for Anaplasma marginale in the municipality of Realeza, Paraná State, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 344 cows on 18 small farms in the municipality of Realeza-PR. The animals’serum samples were forwarded to the Federal University of Fronteira do Sul, in order to investigate the occurrence of anti-A. marginale IgG antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay commercial kit. IgG antibodies to A. marginale were detected in cattle from 77.7% of the farms. To the best author's knowledge, this is the first report of occurrence of A. marginale in cattle in southwestern Paraná. The serological assay showed that 24.4% of the animals were seropositive, thus characterizing the location investigated as an area of enzootic instability for the disease. The family farms located in the municipality of Realeza-PR showed enzootic instability for bovine anaplasmosis. It is necessary to conduct disease monitoring programs in association with preventive measures in order to ensure the sanitary quality of the herds and to reduce economic losses for the farmers. In addition, it is essential to implement educational extension actions that allow farmers to acquire knowledge, attitudes and perceptions regarding the risk factors that contribute towards herd A. marginale-infection.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de animais soropositivos para Anaplasma marginale, no município de Realeza, Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 344 fêmeas bovinas provenientes de 18 propriedades rurais do município de Realeza - PR. Amostras de soro dos animais foram encaminhadas à Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, para realização do Ensaio Imunoenzimático Indireto para pesquisa de anticorpos IgG anti- Anaplasma marginale por meio de kit comercial. Anticorpos IG anti-A. marginale foram detectados em 77,7% das propriedades. Trata-se do primeiro registro da ocorrência de A. marginale no Sudoeste paranaense. A sorologia evidenciou 24,4% de animais soropositivos, caracterizando o local pesquisado como área de instabilidade enzoótica para a doença. As propriedades de agricultura familiar, localizadas no município de Realeza-PR, apresentaram instabilidade enzoótica para anaplasmose bovina. É necessário que programas de monitoramento da enfermidade sejam realizados em conjunto com medidas de prevenção, visando garantir qualidade sanitária do rebanho e reduzir perdas econômicas dos produtores rurais. Além disso, é fundamental a realização de ações de extensão que viabilizem a aquisição de conhecimento, atitude e percepção dos criadores diante dos fatores de risco contribuintes para a infecção por A. marginale do rebanho.

Promoting health in families of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

This paper presents a study of families of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, emphasizing the identification of social supports and networks to strengthen interventions aimed at health promotion. The approach selected was a qualitative research, using a case study design. Four families of children with diabetes type 1 were studied, totalling seven participants. Data were collected between April and June 2007, through in-depth interviews and the construction of a genogram and an ecomap. The results presented the families' characterization and testimonies grouped in the following categories: social support, social networks and family roles. To promote care in practice, there is a need to identify the characteristics of each family and resources available that provide better living conditions. We concluded that identifying supports and social networks allows for more personalized care delivery to each family with a view to health promotion.