New perspectives on macular hole surgery at three years of follow-up / Novas perspectivas em cirurgia de buraco macular com de 3 anos de seguimento

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the functional and anatomical success rates as well as the safety of sutureless combined surgery involving vitreous base removal and internal limiting membrane peeling after Brilliant Blue G (0.5 mg/mL) staining for the management of idiopathic macular holes after three years. Methods: Forty-six eyes of 46 patients with an idiopathic macular hole were enrolled in this retrospective study. The inclusion criteria were macular holes with a minimum linear diameter below 1,500 mm, 0.05 or better decimal best-corrected visual acuity and duration of symptoms less than two years. The exclusion criteria included pregnancy, optic nerve atrophy, advanced glaucoma, and other chronic ocular diseases. The surgical procedure included internal limiting membrane peeling after Brilliant Blue G (0.5 mg/mL) staining, along with C3F8 tamponade and face-down positioning for three days postoperatively. Ophthalmologic examinations and optical coherence tomography were performed at 1 and 7 days and 1, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months postoperatively. If no anatomic closure of the macular holes occurred within the first month, the area of the internal limiting membrane peeling was enlarged in a second procedure. Multiple logistic regression and chi-squared tests were used for data analyses, and p-values of <0.05 were considered significant. Results: Out of 46 eyes with a preoperative idiopathic macular hole, anatomic closure was achieved in 42 (91.3%) after one procedure and in 45 (97.8%) after an additional surgery. The median postoperative best-corrected visual acuity improvement was 0.378 (range: 0.050-0.900) decimal. None of the patients experienced macular hole reopening, surgery-related complications, or ocular complications related to the dye. Conclusion: Combined surgery including vitreous base removal and internal limiting membrane peeling after staining with Brilliant Blue G (0.5 mg/mL) for the management of idiopathic macular holes resulted in adequate staining, best-corrected visual acuity improvement, and macular hole closure with no signs of ocular toxicity at the three-year follow-up examination.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar, após 3 anos de seguimento, as taxas de sucesso funcional e anatômico e a segurança da cirurgia combinada sem sutura, incluindo remoção da base vítrea e da membrana limitante interna após coloração com azul brilhante (0,5 mg/ml) para o manejo de buracos maculares idiopáticos. Métodos: Quarenta e seis olhos de 46 pacientes com buraco macular idiopático foram incluídos neste estudo retrospectivo. Os critérios de inclusão foram: buraco macular com diâmetro linear mínimo menor que 1500 micrômetros, acuidade visual com melhor correção de 0,05 decimal ou melhor e tempo de sintomas menor que 2 anos. Os critérios de exclusão foram gravidez, atrofia do nervo óptico, glaucoma avançado ou outra doença ocular crônica. A técnica cirúrgica incluiu a remoção da membrana limitante interna após coloração com Azul Brilhante 0,5 mg/ml, tamponamento com C3F8 posicionamento em prona ção durante 3 dias de pós-operatório. O seguimento foi realizado por exame oftalmológico e Tomografia de Coerência Óptica no 1 e 7 dias, 1, 6, 12, 24 e 36 meses de pós-operatório. Se o fechamento anatômico do buraco macular não fosse atingido na visita de um mês, realizava-se um segundo procedimento no qual a área do peeling da membrana limitante interna era ampliada. Para análise estatística, foram utilizados testes de regressão logística múltipla e Qui-quadrado. Valores de p menores que 0.05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados: Dos 46 olhos com buraco macular idiopático, 42 (91,3%) obtiveram fechamento do buraco macular após um procedimento cirúrgico e 45 (97,8%) após uma cirurgia adicional. A média de melhora da acuidade visual com melhor correção no pós-operatório foi de 0.378 (0.050-0.900) decimal. Não foram observados: reabertura do buraco macular, complicações relacionadas ao procedimento cirúrgico ou complicações relacionadas ao corante. Conclusão: A cirurgia combinada sem sutura que incluiu remoção da base vítrea e remoção membrana limitante interna após coloração com Azul Brilhante (0,5 mg/ml) para o tratamento de buracos maculares idiopáticos foi realizada com adequada capacidade de coloração, melhora da acuidade visual e fechamento do buraco macular sem sinais de toxicidade ocular no seguimento de 3 anos.

New perspectives on macular hole surgery at three years of follow-up.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the functional and anatomical success rates as well as the safety of sutureless combined surgery involving vitreous base removal and internal limiting membrane peeling after Brilliant Blue G (0.5 mg/mL) staining for the management of idiopathic macular holes after three years. METHODS: Forty-six eyes of 46 patients with an idiopathic macular hole were enrolled in this retrospective study. The inclusion criteria were macular holes with a minimum linear diameter below 1,500 mm, 0.05 or better decimal best-corrected visual acuity and duration of symptoms less than two years. The exclusion criteria included pregnancy, optic nerve atrophy, advanced glaucoma, and other chronic ocular diseases. The surgical procedure included internal limiting membrane peeling after Brilliant Blue G (0.5 mg/mL) staining, along with C3F8 tamponade and face-down positioning for three days postoperatively. Ophthalmologic examinations and optical coherence tomography were performed at 1 and 7 days and 1, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months postoperatively. If no anatomic closure of the macular holes occurred within the first month, the area of the internal limiting membrane peeling was enlarged in a second procedure. Multiple logistic regression and chi-squared tests were used for data analyses, and p-values of <0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: Out of 46 eyes with a preoperative idiopathic macular hole, anatomic closure was achieved in 42 (91.3%) after one procedure and in 45 (97.8%) after an additional surgery. The median postoperative best-corrected visual acuity improvement was 0.378 (range: 0.050-0.900) decimal. None of the patients experienced macular hole reopening, surgery-related complications, or ocular complications related to the dye. CONCLUSION: Combined surgery including vitreous base removal and internal limiting membrane peeling after staining with Brilliant Blue G (0.5 mg/mL) for the management of idiopathic macular holes resulted in adequate staining, best-corrected visual acuity improvement, and macular hole closure with no signs of ocular toxicity at the three-year follow-up examination.

Small-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy for the Management of Symptomatic Posterior Vitreous Detachment after Phacoemulsification and Multifocal Intraocular Lens Implantation: A Pilot Study from the Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study Group.

Purpose. To determine the efficacy of 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) on visual acuity (VA) and quality after multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs). Methods. In this prospective case series, patients who developed symptomatic PVD and were not satisfied with visual quality due to floaters and halos after multifocal IOL implantation underwent PPV. Examinations included LogMAR uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), intraocular pressure, biomicroscopy, and indirect ophthalmoscopy at baseline and 1, 7, 30, and 180 days postoperatively. Ultrasonography and aberrometry were performed. The Visual Functioning Questionnaire 25 (VFQ-25) was administered preoperatively and at 30 days postoperatively. Both the postoperative UCVA and questionnaire results were compared to preoperative findings using the Wilcoxon test. Results. Sixteen eyes of 8 patients were included. VA significantly improved from 0.17 to 0.09 postoperatively (P = 0.017). All patients reported improvement of halos, glare, and floaters. VFQ-25 scores significantly improved in general vision (P = 0.023), near activities (P = 0.043), distance activities (P = 0.041), mental health (P = 0.011), role difficulties (P = 0.042), and driving (P = 0.016). Conclusion. PPV may increase UCVA and quality of vision in patients with bilateral multifocal IOLs and symptomatic PVD. Larger studies are advised.

Preoperative and intraoperative prognostic factors of epiretinal membranes using chromovitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the preoperative and intraoperative findings as prognostic indicators of functional and anatomic results of idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Vitrectomies included ERM and internal limiting membrane (ILM) removal with vital dyes. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography, and autofluorescence were performed at baseline and postoperatively. Intraoperative ILM status after ERM removal was also evaluated. RESULTS: Thirty-one eyes were monitored for a mean of 16.78 months. BCVA and central foveal thickness (CFT) improved significantly (P < .001) from baseline at 3 and 12 months. Preoperative hyperautofluorescence was associated with greater CFT reduction (P < .005). ILM status after ERM peeling did not influence visual recovery but was associated with anatomical results as measured by OCT. CONCLUSION: Preoperative poor initial BCVA and RPE defects by FAF may not be bad prognostic factors. Preoperative hyperautofluorescence was associated with greater CFT reduction. Intraoperative classification of ILM status after ERM and ILM staining/peeling was reported and may be useful for future studies, though it was not associated neither with preoperative nor postoperative BCVA.

Managing macular hole associated with acute inflammatory Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome.

We report a 24-year-old man with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome who developed a macular hole (MH) during the acute inflammatory stage. Spontaneous resolution was unlikely because of the MH dimensions and absence of vitreous adherence. The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and internal limiting membrane peeling during the acute stage followed by retinopexy with octafluoropropane injection and prone positioning for 5 days. The MH closed and the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved from 20/400 to 20/40. Prompt surgical intervention may be an alternative for treating MHs and obtaining visual recovery in special cases even in the acute inflammatory stage.

Lutein: a new dye for chromovitrectomy.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility, advantages, and safety of a novel lutein-based dye for improving identification and removal of the vitreous, internal limiting membrane, and epiretinal membrane during chromovitrectomy in humans. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 12 eyes that underwent pars plana vitrectomy using the dye in patients with macular hole, epiretinal membrane, or proliferative diabetic retinopathy/tractional diabetic macular edema. One surgeon performed standard chromovitrectomy and completed a postoperative questionnaire to compare the staining with that of the available dyes. The peeled membranes were evaluated histologically. Follow-up examinations were performed on postoperative Days 1, 7, 30, 90 and 180; best-corrected visual acuity, optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, autofluorescence, and visual fields were performed. RESULTS: The green dye was deposited on the posterior pole because of its higher density than balanced saline solution; vigorous dye flushing into the vitreous cavity was unnecessary. The dye stained the posterior hyaloid/vitreous base by deposition onto the vitreous; brilliant blue stained the internal limiting membrane. The epiretinal membrane was poorly stained. The best-corrected visual acuity improved in all eyes without clinical toxicity or toxicity on images/visual fields. Histology showed effective removal of the internal limiting membrane and epiretinal membrane in all eyes. CONCLUSION: The new dye improved intraoperative identification of the internal limiting membrane and the posterior hyaloid/vitreous base during chromovitrectomy.