[Clinical and laboratory rationale for galvanophoresis of hydroxide copper-calcium by root canals treatment].

Double blind study presents clinical and laboratory estimation of root canal system (RC) cleaning by endodontic treatment of apical periodontitis by means of galvanophoresis of hydroxide copper-calcium (GP HCC). In 60 patients the amount and composition of RC fluid from incisors and canines by GP HCC were estimated within 2 weeks with three different galvano-pair and the efficiency of RC decontamination were compared by standard report irrigation and GP HCC. The intensity of electroosmotic allocation of RC liquid by GP HCC is gradually increased at 4-5 day, and then slowly reduced at 10-12 day. The RC liquid contained proteins and carbohydrates - typical rests of pulp and biofilm. GP HCC suppresses aerobic and anaerobic microflora in RC 65.5% more effectively than standard irrigation and may be seen as an alternative method of endodontic treatment of apical periodontitis.

[Epidemiological and economic effectiveness of immunization of adult and children against influenza and acute respiratory viral infections with the vaccine Grippol]. / Epidemiologicheskaia i ékonomicheskaia éffektivnost' immunizatsii vaktsinoi Grippol pri grippe i ORVI u vzroslykh i detei.

Materials on the characterization of the vaccine Grippol, indications for its use and the results of mass use are presented. Analysis of the morbidity level in influenza and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) among the vaccinated persons are indicative of considerably decreased level. The coefficient of the epidemiological effectiveness of Grippol in the immunization of children has proved to be 75-95%. The conclusion has been made that the vaccine Grippol is sufficiently effective and safe for use by Russian public health service.

[Use of conjugated allergen-polymer vaccines (pollen allergens of new generation) for allergen-specific immunotherapy]. / Primenenie dlia spetsificheskoi allergennoi immunoterapii kon''iugirovannykh allergenopolimernykh vaktsin (pyl'tsvykh allergotropinov novoi generatsii).

AIM: To assess effectiveness of new pollen allergotropins for allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The allergotropins were produced basing on conjugation of pollen allergoids (timothy, birch, mugwort pollen) and polyelectrolite (polyoxidonium) with immunomodulating properties. Pollen allergotropins (timpol, berpol) were designed to treat pollenosis caused by sensitization to timothy and birch pollen. Pollen allergotropins were studied in ASI given to 140 patients with pollenosis and 10 patients with bronchial asthma. RESULTS: In the group of pollenosis patients with hypersensitivity to birch pollen the response to berpol was excellent in 55% patients (the disease symptoms disappeared, antihistamine drugs intake was stopped), good--in 33%, satisfactory--in 12%. Timpol produced a marked response in all the patients treated for hypersensitivity to timothy pollen. CONCLUSION: Pollen allergotropins have a high therapeutic effect under low risk of provoking reactions of anaphylactic type in patients on ASI.

[The evaluation of the reactogenicity, harmlessness and prophylactic efficacy of Grippol trivalent polymer-subunit influenza vaccine administered to schoolchildren]. / Otsenka reaktogennosti, bezvrednosti i profilakticheskoi éffektivnosti grippoznoi trivalentnoi polimer-sub''edinichnoi vaktsiny "Grippol" pri vvedenii detiam shkol'nogo vozrasta.

Vaccine "Grippol"--has been developed at the State Research Center--Institute of Immunology. The preparation belongs to new generation vaccines and is a trivalent polymer-subunit vaccine containing the sterile conjugate of influenza virus surface proteins, types A and B, bound with copolymer polyoxidonium. The administration of "Grippol" to children of school age (6-18 years) demonstrated low reactogenicity of the vaccine, its safety and sufficient prophylactic effectiveness. During observations on total morbidity (with the exception of influenza and acute respiratory diseases) no side effects produced by "Grippol" were registered. At the same time the fact that the morbidity rate of upper respiratory tract disease in the group of children immunized with the vaccine decreased in comparison with the control group (by 2.4 times) cannot be disregarded.

[Evaluation of the effectiveness of influenza trivalent polymer subunit vaccine "Grippol"]. / Otsenka éffektivnosti grippoznoi trivalentnoi polimer-sub"edinichnoi vaktsiny "grippol".

Influenza polymer-subunit vaccine "Grippol", made up of the sterile conjugate of surface proteins of influenza viruses, groups A and B, with polyoxidonium (copolymer), was obtained at the State Scientific Centre of Research Institute of Immunology. As the result of our investigations, the coefficient of prophylactic effectiveness of vaccine "Grippol" was found to be 71%; in the presence of the 50% immune stratum in the group the coefficient of antiepidemic protection was found to be 66.4%. At the same time, cases of influenza and acute respiratory diseases were shown to take a milder form in persons immunized with vaccine "Grippol" than in the group of nonimmunized subjects. The results of this investigation did not show any side effects caused by the vaccine.

[Use of immunomodulator polyoxydony in treatment and prevention of septic conditions in surgical patients]. / Immunomoduliator "polioksidonii" v profilaktike i lechenii gnoinoi khirurgicheskoi infektsii.

52 patients (group 1) with a high risk of postoperative infective and septic complications and 58 surgical patients (group 2) with the developed infective septic complications are analysed. In 32 patients of group 1 and in 37 patients of group 2 immunomodulator Polyoxydony was used. The use of Polyoxydony in patients of both groups contributed to favourable dynamics of immune status, decrease of the rate of complications and postoperative mortality. Polyoxydony is effective medicine in prevention and treatment of postoperative infective and septic complications.

[Study of immunobiological properties of specific immunomodulators of the adjuvant type in experimental tuberculosis]. / Izuchenie immunobiologicheskikh svoistv spetsificheskikh immunomoduliatorov ad'iuvantnogo tipa pri éksperimental'nom tuberkuleze.

CBA mice served as experimental tuberculosis model to study protective, immunomodulating and toxico-allergic properties of two drugs including cytoplasma and cell walls of BCG mycobacteria as well as of synthetic adjuvant polyoxidonium. Doses and schemes are presented developed for experimental tuberculosis treatment with cytoplasm and not causing toxico-allergic reactions in mice. The specific immunomodulator of cytoplasm, polyoxidonium, proved effective therapeutic modality in experimental mouse tuberculosis.

[The current problems of relaparotomy]. / Aktual'nye voprosy relaparotomii.

Relaparotomy was performed in 252 of 23,232 (1.08%) patients operated upon. The most frequent cause of relaparotomy is purulent complications. These patients have immunodeficient states due to different causes (duration of the disease, old age, diabetes mellitus, toxemia, anemia, extension of the injuries, irrational administration of antibiotics). Due to it, anaerobic neclostridial infection is widely used. Its participation in the purulent process in the abdominal cavity achieves 80-90%. For prevention and treatment of purulent complications of great importance is the modern and adequate struggle against intoxication and hypoxia, correction of immunodepression, purposeful antimicrobial therapy. Problems in determination of indications for relaparotomy are emphasized and the necessity to perform it in earlier terms.

[Level of antibodies to different determinants of Streptococcus group A polysaccharide and autoantibodies to basal layer of the skin epithelium in rheumatism]. / Uroven' antitel k razlichnym determinantam polisakharida streptokokka gruppy A i autoantitela k bazal'nomu sloiu épiteliia kozhi pri revmatizme.

Direct dependence was established between the presence of autoantibodies reacting with the basal layer of the skin epithelium (BLSE) and the high level of antibodies to the streptococcal group A polysaccharide (APS). By the primary active rheumatic fever (PARF) autoantibodies to the BLSE are revealed. By the recurrent active rheumatic fever (RARF) and in the control sera, autoantibodies reacting with the BLES, apparently, are directed to the rhamnose determinants of APS. These data confirm: different level of antibodies to the GS and to the rhamnose determinants of APS by PARF, RARF and in the control sera; the experiments of the autoantibody inhibition, reacting with the BLSE by the APS or the polysaccharide of streptococci A-variant, containing only the rhamnose determinants.

[The enhancement of the immunogenicity of streptococcal group-A M protein by conjugation with a synthetic polyelectrolyte]. / Povyshenie immunogennosti M-belka streptokokkov gruppy A pri kon''iugatsii s sinteticheskim poliélektrolitom.

Immunization with the polypeptide fragment of group A streptococcal protein M conjugated with the copolymer of acrylic acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone in complete Freund's adjuvant has been found to lead to a sharp increase in the level of antibodies to the type-specific determinants of protein M, detected in the enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The possibility of the application of such sera to preliminary typing of streptococci in EIA with the use of whole microbial cells as antigens has been shown. The data on high activity of the sera thus obtained in the bactericidal test with streptococci of the homologous type are presented. Recommendations on the use of sera obtained by the above method for highly precise typing of the virulent cultures of group A streptococci in the bactericidal test are given.

[Antibodies to the rhamnose determinants of the polysaccharide of streptococci group A in the sera of rheumatism patients and donors]. / Antitela k ramnoznym determinantam polisakharida streptokokkov gruppy A v syvorotkakh bol'nykh revmatizmom i donorov.

In the sera of patients with recurrent rheumocarditis, and especially in cases of primary rheumatism, the level of antibodies to group A streptococcal polysaccharide (A-PS) has been found, according to the results of the enzyme immunoassay, to be considerably higher than in the sera of healthy donors. The level of antibodies to rhamnose determinants (RD) of A-PS has been determined by the inhibition of the immunoenzyme reaction with A-PS under the influence of a variant of group A streptococcus and rhamnose disaccharides with the bonds alpha 1-2 and alpha 1-3. In patients with recurrent rheumocarditis the level of antibodies to A-PS has been shown to be considerably higher than in healthy donors having these antibodies. In acute primary rheumatism a high level of antibodies to A-PS has been detected only in a few cases, and at the same time the prevalence of antibodies to the specific RD of A-PS, bound with beta-N-acetylglucosamine, is observed. In the sera of patients with recurrent rheumocarditis and donors having a high content of antibodies to the rhamnose site of A-PS antibodies, seemingly active against at least two RD, have been detected. In acute primary rheumatism an insignificant amount of antibodies to the rhamnose site of A-PS may probably cause the autoimmune process accompanying rheumatism. This suggestion is substantiated by the previously established capacity of these antibodies for inducing the suppression of cytotoxic cell reactions to microbial antigens.

Immunogenicity of a polypeptide fragment of the streptococcal group A M protein conjugated with an acrylic acid N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer.

Immunization of animals with a polypeptide fragment of the streptococcal group A M protein (pep M) conjugated with a synthetic copolymer caused a significant increase in the titres of bactericidal type-specific antibodies. In some cases bactericidal antibodies to streptococci of other types were also induced.

[The possibilities for enhancing the immunogenicity of adenovirus hexon]. / Vozmozhnosti povysheniia immunogennosti geksona adenovirusov.

Synthetic polyelectrolytes and muramyldipeptide derivatives are tested as immunostimulators. It is established that the level of antibody-forming cells and specific (virus-neutralizing and precipitating) antibodies considerably rises during the immunization of human adenovirus I hexon in the combination with N-acetylglucosaminyl-muramyldipeptide and conjugation with a copolymer including acrylic acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone. A more expressed intensification of the antibody-formation is observed with the use of polyelectrolytes.

[Actual problems of the treatment of lactation mastitis]. / Aktual'nye voprosy lecheniia laktatsionnogo mastita.

The article describes the experience with the treatment of 886 patients with lactation mastitis. For limited purulent foci preference is given to the dissection or wide opening of the abscess with wound dialysis and putting primary sutures. In patients with mastitis and symptoms of anaerobic damage wide openings (beyond the limits of the tissue involved) with necrectomy and following aeration of the wound are recommended; after complete cleansing the wound secondary sutures are possible or plastic closure of the wound. Complex conservative treatment after operation must be combined with the application of trichopol and its derivatives, oxygentherapy.