The ethanolic extract of Gomphrena celosioides is not carcinogenic and has antigenotoxic effects and chemopreventive Properties.

Gomphrena celosioides, popularly known as perpétua, perpétua brava, bachelor´s button and prostate globe amarahth, is used for the treatment of urinary tract disorders, kidney stones, for skin diseases, infectious diseases, gastrointestinal and respiratory conditions. Rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids, this plant has therefore a potential for use in cancer prevention. Given the above, the present research aimed to evaluate the carcinogenic effect of the ethanolic extract of G. celosioides (EEGc) in an alternative model of Drosophila melanogaster and the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects in Swiss mice. The larval survival test and the detection of epithelial tumor clones were performed in D. melanogaster. The tested EEGc concentrations were 0.96, 1.92, 3.85 and 7.70 mg/mL. In Swiss mice, the genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of doses of 100, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/Kg were evaluated. The results showed that EEGc at a concentration of 7.70 mg/mL reduced (p<0.05) larval survival. However, EEGc was not carcinogenic, and the lowest concentration (0.96 mg/mL) prevented (p<0.05) the basal occurrence of epithelial tumors. In mice, EEGc at the highest dose (2,000mg/Kg) increased the frequency of genomic lesions (p<0.05). Yet, none of the doses caused chromosomal lesions (p>0.05). When associated with cyclophosphamide, EEGc was antigenotoxic (p<0.05). The percentages of reduction of genomic damage ranged from 33.39 to 63.23% and of chromosomal damage from 20.00 to 77.19%. In view of the above, it is suggested that EEGc is not carcinogenic, has an antigenotoxic effect and chemopreventive properties.

Cell therapy with adipose tissue-derived human stem cells in the urinary bladder improves detrusor contractility and reduces voiding residue.

Detrusor hypocontractility (DH) is a disease without a gold standard treatment in traditional medicine. Therefore, there is a need to develop innovative therapies. The present report presents the case of a patient with DH who was transplanted with 2 x 106 adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells twice and achieved significant improvements in their quality of life. The results showed that cell therapy reduced the voiding residue from 1,800 mL to 800 mL, the maximum cystometric capacity from 800 to 550 mL, and bladder compliance from 77 to 36.6 mL/cmH2O. Cell therapy also increased the maximum flow from 3 to 11 mL/s, the detrusor pressure from 08 to 35 cmH2O, the urine volume from 267 to 524 mL and the bladder contractility index (BCI) value from 23 to 90. The International Continence on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form score decreased from 17 to 8. Given the above, it is inferred that the transplantation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells is an innovative and efficient therapeutic strategy for DH treatment and improves the quality of life of patients affected by this disease.

Iron triggers the early stages of cartilage degeneration in vitro: The role of articular chondrocytes.

Objective: Arthropathy is a major clinical problem in patients with hemochromatosis, the most common genetic disorder of iron overload. The pathological features of hemochromatosis arthropathy (HA) are heterogeneous and its specific nature remains unknown. One important drawback is the lack of proper in vitro models. The aim of the present study was to set up a model to investigate the biological response of cartilage to iron exposure. Design: Bovine articular cartilage explants were incubated with ferric citrate for up to 9 days. We evaluated chondrocyte viability, iron deposition, and biomarkers of cartilage degradation in the conditioned medium. Results: Iron accumulated within chondrocytes, which was associated with programmed cell death through chondroptosis. Iron treatment increased the release of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG), a component of the extracellular matrix, into the medium (p=0.0189). This was dependent on the presence of viable chondrocytes and was associated with increased activity of matrix-degrading metalloproteinases (MMP) (pro/active MMP-9, p=0.0317; pro MMP-2, p=0.0092; active MMP-2, p=0.0288). Co-treatment with the broad MMP/aggrecanase inhibitor prinomastat reduced iron-mediated sGAG release (0.02 â€‹µM, p=0.0425; 2 â€‹µM, p=0.0014), confirming that iron induces sGAG release via the activation of catabolic enzymes. Notably, iron-treated cartilage continued to release an increased amount of sGAG into the medium for 6 days after termination of the ferric citrate treatment (p=0.0259). Conclusions: Iron triggers the early stages of cartilage degeneration. Removal of iron exposure does not prevent further damage to the cartilage, thus providing a possible explanation why HA is not prevented after iron depletion by phlebotomy treatment.

Prevention of DNA damage and anticarcinogenic activity of Activia® in a preclinical model.

Colorectal cancer is a global public health issue. Studies have pointed to the protective effect of probiotics on colorectal carcinogenesis. Activia® is a lacto probiotic product that is widely consumed all over the world and its beneficial properties are related, mainly, to the lineage of traditional yoghurt bacteria combined with a specific bacillus, DanRegularis, which gives the product a proven capacity to intestinal regulation in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antigenotoxic, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic proprieties of the Activia product, in response to damage caused by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in Swiss mice. Activia does not have shown antigenotoxic activity. However, the percent of DNA damage reduction, evaluated by the antimutagenicity assay, ranged from 69.23 to 96.15% indicating effective chemopreventive action. Activia reduced up to 79.82% the induction of aberrant crypt foci by DMH. Facing the results, it is inferred that Activia facilitates the weight loss, prevents DNA damage and pre-cancerous lesions in the intestinal mucosa.

Decellularized human colorectal cancer matrices polarize macrophages towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype promoting cancer cell invasion via CCL18.

Macrophages are frequently identified in solid tumors, playing important roles in cancer progression. Their remarkable plasticity makes them very sensitive to environmental factors, including the extracellular matrix (ECM). In the present work, we investigated the impact of human colorectal tumor matrices on macrophage polarization and on macrophage-mediated cancer cell invasion. Accordingly, we developed an innovative 3D-organotypic model, based on the decellularization of normal and tumor tissues derived from colorectal cancer patients' surgical resections. Extensive characterization of these scaffolds revealed that DNA and other cell constituents were efficiently removed, while native tissue characteristics, namely major ECM components, architecture and mechanical properties, were preserved. Notably, normal and tumor decellularized matrices distinctly promoted macrophage polarization, with macrophages in tumor matrices differentiating towards an anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotype (higher IL-10, TGF-ß and CCL18 and lower CCR7 and TNF expression). Matrigel invasion assays revealed that tumor ECM-educated macrophages efficiently stimulated cancer cell invasion through a mechanism involving CCL18. Notably, the high expression of this chemokine at the invasive front of human colorectal tumors correlated with advanced tumor staging. Our approach evidences that normal and tumor decellularized matrices constitute excellent scaffolds when trying to recreate complex microenvironments to understand basic mechanisms of disease or therapeutic resistance.