An American Perspective on the Legacy of Anatoly I. Grigoriev in Space Medicine.

INTRODUCTION: Academician Anatoly Ivanovich Grigoriev was a physician, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Presidium, and a celebrated leader of science in the Soviet Union and Russia-but in the United States, he will be remembered as a friend and mentor. His contributions to space and medicine of extreme environments had a profound impact on human space exploration. He fostered collaboration in many areas of space-human factors, especially in the areas of renal function, endocrinology, and fluids and electrolytes. The joint efforts between NASA and the Soviet/Russian Space Program constitute the foundation for mutual respect and scientific endeavors that continue to transcend the world's political events.DISCUSSION: This article briefly summarizes Grigoriev's contributions in our long and historical collaboration in human spaceflight. Multiple sources were used, with much drawn from firsthand knowledge through our personal interfaces and working collaboration.Nicogossian AE, Doarn CR. An American perspective on the legacy of Anatoly I. Grigoriev in space medicine. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2023; 94(9):723-727.

Armenia 1988 earthquake and telemedicine: lessons learned and forgotten.

PURPOSE: To showcase the observations and lessons learned from the first large-scale international telemedicine program addressing the medical and health consequences of disasters. BACKGROUND: Almost 24 years ago a major earthquake devastated the northwestern region of Soviet Armenia. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration deployed a telemedicine spacebridge, which operated uninterrupted for 3 months, extending its services to the remote region of Ufa to help the burn victims, mostly children, from a railroad explosion accident. Expert consultations were provided by four major medical center from the United States and several military and civilian medical services of the Soviet Union. LESSONS LEARNED: Disasters continue to contribute to increased morbidity and mortality with significant economic impacts worldwide. Psychological, physical, and social sequelae persist years after the events. Many pre-existing socioeconomic conditions are aggravated following disasters. Telemedicine is a useful medical and public health technology that continues to be underutilized due to the lack of inclusion in the preparedness planning, training, availability of networks, and connectivity costs. POLICY IMPLICATIONS: Natural and human-made disasters require both near-term and long-term interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality among the surviving victims. Telemedicine, information technology, and modern portable communication devices should be incorporated in disaster preparedness and recovery training and operations.

Evolution of telemedicine in Russia: the influence of the space program on modern telemedicine programs.

Telemedicine education and application throughout Russia has its roots in Russia's space program. The concepts of telemedicine have evolved during the course of 40 years of space exploration. This paper reviews the evolution of telemedicine and the achievements of the Soviet/Russian Space Program.