[Analysis and reflection on current situation of Chinese patent medicine for children in China].

This study took Chinese patent medicine for children included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition and the first supplement), Medicine Catalogue for National Basic Medical Insurance, Work Injury Insurance, and Maternity Insurance(2022 edition), and National Essential Medicines List(2018 edition) as the research objects, so as to sort out the distribution situation, characteristics, and the problems of Chinese patent medicine for children(including child-specific medicines, common medicines for children and adults, and discretionary medicines for children). According to statistics and summary, Chinese patent medicine for children is mainly administered orally, and the dosage forms are mostly traditional dosage forms, such as tablets, granules, capsules, and oral liquids, with mostly bitter or sweet taste. Diseases are mainly classified into pulmonary diseases and spleen and stomach diseases, and varieties of medication without Children's medication safety information or "still unclear" account for a relatively large proportion of the medicines. There are relatively few varieties of Chinese patent medicines for children, poor compliance of child-specific medication, lack of refinement of Chinese patent medicines for children dosage, and lack of information about safe use of medication. It is recommended to update and improve the instruction manuals in a timely manner, develop new varieties of Chinese patent medicine for children, and actively carry out post-marketing evaluation and clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine for children, so as to provide a reference for the supplement and improvement of the instructions, the comprehensive improvement, the formulation of the catalogue, and the research and development of new Chinese patent medicine for children and ensure the use of medicines for children.

Research on sustainable collaborative scheduling problem of multi-stage mixed flow shop for crankshaft components.

The crankshaft manufacturing process primarily comprises machining, single jacket, and double jacket stages. These stages collectively produce substantial carbon emissions, which significantly impact the environment. Low-carbon energy development and humanity's future are closely related. To promote the sustainable development of crankshaft manufacturing enterprises and improve the production efficiency of crankshafts, research on sustainable collaborative scheduling problems in multi-stage mixed flow shop for crankshaft components is conducted. In addition, the transportation process of related workpieces in the crankshaft manufacturing process, which generally have a large mass, also produces substantial carbon emissions. This paper constructs a multi-objective integer optimization model based on the manufacturing process characteristics of crankshaft components, with minimizing the maximum manufacturing time and carbon emissions as optimization objectives. Considering the complexity of the problem, a comprehensive algorithm integrating moth-flame optimization and NSGA-III is used to solve the mathematical model. Through case experiments, the integrated algorithm is compared and analysed with four classic multi-objective optimization algorithms: NSGA-III, NSGA-II, MOEA/D, and MOPSO. The experiments demonstrate that the algorithm presented in this paper offers significantly enhanced optimization efficiency in solving the problem under study compared to other algorithms. Moreover, this paper compares multi-stage collaborative scheduling and non-collaborative scheduling in the crankshaft manufacturing process, ultimately demonstrating that collaborative scheduling is more conducive to the sustainable development of manufacturing enterprises. The results indicate that the annual carbon emissions can reduce about 3.6 ton.

The phosphodiesterase DibA interacts with the c-di-GMP receptor LapD and specifically regulates biofilm in Pseudomonas putida.

The ubiquitous bacterial second messenger c-di-GMP is synthesized by diguanylate cyclase and degraded by c-di-GMP-specific phosphodiesterase. The genome of Pseudomonas putida contains dozens of genes encoding diguanylate cyclase/phosphodiesterase, but the phenotypical-genotypical correlation and functional mechanism of these genes are largely unknown. Herein, we characterize the function and mechanism of a P. putida phosphodiesterase named DibA. DibA consists of a PAS domain, a GGDEF domain, and an EAL domain. The EAL domain is active and confers DibA phosphodiesterase activity. The GGDEF domain is inactive, but it promotes the phosphodiesterase activity of the EAL domain via binding GTP. Regarding phenotypic regulation, DibA modulates the cell surface adhesin LapA level in a c-di-GMP receptor LapD-dependent manner, thereby inhibiting biofilm formation. Moreover, DibA interacts and colocalizes with LapD in the cell membrane, and the interaction between DibA and LapD promotes the PDE activity of DibA. Besides, except for interacting with DibA and LapD itself, LapD is found to interact with 11 different potential diguanylate cyclases/phosphodiesterases in P. putida, including the conserved phosphodiesterase BifA. Overall, our findings demonstrate the functional mechanism by which DibA regulates biofilm formation and expand the understanding of the LapD-mediated c-di-GMP signaling network in P. putida.

Cyclic di-GMP inhibits nitrate assimilation by impairing the antitermination function of NasT in Pseudomonas putida.

The ubiquitous bacterial second messenger cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) coordinates diverse cellular processes through its downstream receptors. However, whether c-di-GMP participates in regulating nitrate assimilation is unclear. Here, we found that NasT, an antiterminator involved in nitrate assimilation in Pseudomonas putida, specifically bound c-di-GMP. NasT was essential for expressing the nirBD operon encoding nitrite reductase during nitrate assimilation. High-level c-di-GMP inhibited the binding of NasT to the leading RNA of nirBD operon (NalA), thus attenuating the antitermination function of NasT, resulting in decreased nirBD expression and nitrite reductase activity, which in turn led to increased nitrite accumulation in cells and its export. Molecular docking and point mutation assays revealed five residues in NasT (R70, Q72, D123, K127 and R140) involved in c-di-GMP-binding, of which R140 was essential for both c-di-GMP-binding and NalA-binding. Three diguanylate cyclases (c-di-GMP synthetases) were found to interact with NasT and inhibited nirBD expression, including WspR, PP_2557, and PP_4405. Besides, the c-di-GMP-binding ability of NasT was conserved in the other three representative Pseudomonas species, including P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens and P. syringae. Our findings provide new insights into nitrate assimilation regulation by revealing the mechanism by which c-di-GMP inhibits nitrate assimilation via NasT.

Graphdiyne-polymer composites for a hybrid bound-state pulsed fiber laser.

In this paper, the graphdiyne (GDY)-polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) films are prepared by a spin-coating method. The PMMA films have the function of isolating GDY from air and protecting the GDY from mechanical damage. The nonlinear optical properties of GDY-PMMA films are probed experimentally. The nonlinear optical responses of GDY-PMMA films with a modulation depth of ∼4.94% and saturated magnetization of ∼0.3M W/c m 2 are proved. When the GDY-PMMA films are applied to an erbium-doped hybrid passively mode-locked fiber laser (saturable absorber), the bound-state solitons, which are also called soliton molecules, can be obtained. The soliton molecule has a time separation of 13.31 ps, and the spectral modulation period of 0.58 nm. Along with the pump power increase, the separation of bound-state pulses becomes larger. When the pump power is fixed, stable bound solitons can be observed without any degeneration for more than 4.5 h. It is demonstrated that GDY-PMMA films have excellent nonlinear optical performance in a near-infrared regime, which we believe can be a novel type of photonics instrument and has a number of properties that are potentially promising in the ultrafast properties of laser.

Inpainting with Separable Mask Update Convolution Network.

Image inpainting is an active area of research in image processing that focuses on reconstructing damaged or missing parts of an image. The advent of deep learning has greatly advanced the field of image restoration in recent years. While there are many existing methods that can produce high-quality restoration results, they often struggle when dealing with images that have large missing areas, resulting in blurry and artifact-filled outcomes. This is primarily because of the presence of invalid information in the inpainting region, which interferes with the inpainting process. To tackle this challenge, the paper proposes a novel approach called separable mask update convolution. This technique automatically learns and updates the mask, which represents the missing area, to better control the influence of invalid information within the mask area on the restoration results. Furthermore, this convolution method reduces the number of network parameters and the size of the model. The paper also introduces a regional normalization technique that collaborates with separable mask update convolution layers for improved feature extraction, thereby enhancing the quality of the restored image. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method performs well in restoring images with large missing areas and outperforms state-of-the-art image inpainting methods significantly in terms of image quality.

Nutrient-cycling functional gene diversity mirrors phosphorus transformation during chicken manure composting.

Elucidating ecological mechanism underlying phosphorus transformation mediated by phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) during manure composting is an important but rarely investigated subject. The research objective is to disentangle ecological functions of the inoculation of PSB Pseudomonas sp. WWJ-22 during chicken manure composting based on gene quantification and amplicon sequencing. There are large dynamic changes in phosphorus fractions, gene abundances, and bacterial community structure. The PSB addition notably increased available phosphorus from 0.29-0.89 g kg-1 to 0.49-1.39 g kg-1 and significantly affected phosphorus fractionation. The PSB inoculation significantly affected composition of nutrient-cycling functional genes (NCFGs), and notably influenced bacterial community composition and function. Compost bacteria showed significant phylogenetic signals in response to phosphorus fractions, and stochastic processes dominated bacterial community assembly. Results emphasized that PSB addition increased functional redundancy, phylogenetic conservatism, and stochasticity-dominated assembly of bacterial community. Overall, findings highlight NCFG diversity can be a bio-indicator to mirror phosphorus transformation.

Relationship between ambulatory arterial stiffness index and the severity of angiographic atherosclerosis in patients with H-type hypertension and coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate coronary artery disease (CAD) and its correlation with the ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) in patients with H-type hypertension (essential hypertension combined with hyper-homocysteinemia) and coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: Patients with essential hypertension and CHD who were undergoing coronary angiography were enrolled. The general clinical data, biochemical indicators, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring results and coronary angiography results of the selected patients were collected, and the AASI and Gensini scores were calculated. According to homocysteine (Hcy) levels, the patients were divided into two groups: a study group and a control group. The differences in general clinical data, biochemical indexes, AASI scores and degree of coronary artery lesions between the two groups were compared. The correlation between the AASI and the Gensini score and the relationship between the AASI and the Gensini score of CAD and various factors were analyzed. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the Hcy level in the study group was significantly increased (8.16 ± 2.33 vs 19.20 ± 2.36, P = .001). The 24-h diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group (76.38 ± 9.33 vs 79.91 ± 9.25, P = .002), and the AASI was significantly higher than in the control group (0.62 ± 0.81 vs 0.420 ± 0.70, P = .001). The number of patients having coronary stenoses with a Gensini score of ≤ 38 was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (21.3% vs 49.4%, P < .001). The number of patients with a Gensini score of ≥ 51 in the study group was significantly higher than in the control group (22.0% vs 18.8%, P < .001). There was a significant positive correlation between the AASI and the Gensini score in the study group (R = 0.732, P < .001). Hypertension duration (ß = 0.168), diabetes history (ß = 0.236), 24-h SBP (ß = 0.122), 24-h DBP (ß = -0.131), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ß = 0.134) and Hcy (ß = 0.233) were the influencing factors for AASI (P < .05). Both Hcy * AASI (ß = 0.356) and Hcy × 24-h HR (ß = 0.331) had a synergistic effect on the Gensini score (P = .017), with Hcy * AASI having a more significant effect on the Gensini score (P < .001). CONCLUSION: The AASI was significantly increased in patients with H-type hypertension and CHD, which was associated with the severity of CAD. Therefore, Hcy levels and the AASI have a synergistic effect when evaluating the severity of CAD in patients with hypertensive CHD.

Clinical significance of prognostic nutritional index (PNI)-monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR)-platelet (PLT) score on postoperative outcomes in non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Prognositic nutritional index (PNI), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and platelet (PLT) are associated with tumor survival in many human malignancies. Whereas, no study combined PNI-MLR-PLT score and indicated its predictive significance on the prognosis of patients with non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). METHODS: In this study, we retrospectively collected the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic data from 164 cases of non-metastatic ccRCC and aimed to determine the clinical significance of PNI-MLR-PLT score on patients' outcomes after surgery. The optimal cut-off values of PNI (PNI > 47.40 vs PNI < 47.40), MLR (MLR > 0.31 vs MLR < 0.31) and PLT (PLT > 245 vs PLT < 245) were identified with relative operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The PNI-MLR-PLT score system was established by the value of three indexes, each indication was assigned a score of 0 or 1. Overall survival (OS) and metastasis-free survival (MFS) were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimate and Cox regression models. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 85.67 months. Eight (5.0%) patients died, 4 (2.0%) relapsed, and 7 (4.0%) developed metastasis after surgery. The 3-year OS and MFS rates were 98.2% and 97.6%, and the 5-year OS and MFS rates were both 90.2%. Our results suggested that PNI-MLR-PLT score negatively correlated with pathological T stage and tumor grade. Survival outcomes revealed that lower PNI-MLR-PLT score is associated with inferior OS (P < 0.001) and MFS (P < 0.001) after surgery. Subgroup analysis regarding pathological T stage, tumor grade and surgical modalities obtained consistent results. univariable and multivariable Cox analysis showed that high PNI-MLR-PLT score was the independent protective factor of tumor survival in non-metastatic ccRCC patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggested that PNI-MLR-PLT score could serve as a promising independent prognostic factor in patients with non-metastatic ccRCC.

Functional Imaging and Inhibitor Screening of Human Pancreatic Lipase by a Resorufin-Based Fluorescent Probe.

Human pancreatic lipase (hPL) is a crucial digestive enzyme responsible for the digestion of dietary lipids in humans, and inhibition of hPL is effective in reducing triglyceride intake, thereby preventing and treating obesity. In this study, a series of fatty acids with different carbon chain lengths were constructed to the fluorophore resorufin based on the substrate preference of hPL. Among them, RLE was found to have the best combination of stability, specificity, sensitivity and reactivity towards hPL. Under physiological conditions, RLE can be rapidly hydrolyzed by hPL and released to resorufin, which triggered approximately 100-fold fluorescence enhancement at 590 nm. RLE was successfully applied for sensing and imaging of endogenous PL in living systems with low cytotoxicity and high imaging resolution. Moreover, a visual high-throughput screening platform was established using RLE, and the inhibitory effects of hundreds of drugs and natural products toward hPL were evaluated. Collectively, this study reports a novel and highly specific enzyme-activatable fluorogenic substrate for hPL that could serve as a powerful tool for monitoring hPL activity in complex biological systems and showcases the potential to explore physiological functions and rapid screening of inhibitors.

Comprehensive analysis of MFN2 as a prognostic biomarker associated with immune cell infiltration in renal clear cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Treatment of advanced kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) remains challenging in clinic. The functional role and prognostic significance of MFN2 in KIRC are still unclear. METHODS: In this study, we first performed a bioinformatic analysis to determine the expression level and prognostic value of MFN2 in KIRC using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, and then validated the MFN2 mRNA expression in our cohort of clinical tissue samples and cell lines of KIRC via RT-qPCR. Cox regression model was used to identify the independent prognostic factors. A nomogram was constructed to predict the prognosis of KIRC patients. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to predict the involved functional pathways of MFN2 co-expressed genes. The association between MFN2 expression level and immune cell infiltration was assessed using the TIMER and the TIDISB databases. In addition, cell proliferation and migration abilities of two KIRC cell lines with MFN2 overexpression were evaluated by MTS and wound healing assays, respectively. RESULTS: Downregulation of MFN2 was observed in KIRC tissues and cell lines compared to the normal controls. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis indicated an inferior survival outcomes in KIRC patients with lower MFN2 expression, uncovering the tumor-suppressive role of MFN2 in KIRC. Cox regression results showed that higher MFN2 expression was one of the independent protective factors in KIRC. Besides, function predictive analysis revealed that MFN2 co-expressed genes were enriched in the biological processes of energy metabolism and autophagy. Moreover, MFN2 expression was observed to be significantly associated with immune cell infiltration and a variety of markers of tumor infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) including multiple immune checkpoints in KIRC tissues. Finally, MFN2 overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration abilities of two KIRC cell lines examined. CONCLUSION: Generally, our data suggested that MFN2 may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in KIRC.

Application of Hydromorphone and Ropivacaine in Ultrasound-Guided Brachial Plexus Block of Children.

PURPOSE: This research was designed to investigate the effects of hydromorphone combined with ropivacaine anesthesia on brachial plexus block of upper limbs in children. DESIGN: This was a randomized prospective study. METHODS: A total of 120 children with upper limb fractures were included in this study and treated wtih open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). The children were randomized into control group and research group. All of them were given a brachial plexus block and anesthetics (control group: 0.2% ropivacaine; research group: additional 5 µg/kg hydromorphone. FINDINGS: The time of onset and exercise recovery of the research group increased, and the use times of analgesic drugs decreased, which were significantly different from those of the control group (all P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Hydromorphone can enhance the effectiveness of ropivacaine in blocking the brachial plexus and reduce postoperative pain and the demand for analgesics. Strong postoperative sedation can improve sleep quality and nursing satisfaction.

Development and application of "Special defibrillator for teaching and training".

BACKGROUND: To provide an economical and practical defibrillator for first aid teaching and training, to reduce the cost of teaching and training, increase teaching and training equipment, provide trainees with more hands-on training sessions, and improve first aid capabilities. METHODS: Developing a special teaching defibrillator with the same structure and operation configuration as the clinical medical emergency defibrillator. The appearance, structure and operating accessories of the two defibrillators are the same. The difference between the defibrillator and the clinical medical emergency defibrillator are as follows: the clinical medical emergency defibrillator can be energized, and there are expensive electronic accessories and defibrillation accessories for charging and discharging in the machine. When discharging, the electrode plate has current discharged into the human body; the power plug of the "special defibrillator for teaching and training" is a fake plug. When the power is plugged in, no current enters the body and the machine. There are no expensive electronic accessories and defibrillation accessories for charging and discharging, and no current is discharged during discharge. Then compare the teaching effect of the special defibrillator for teaching and training and the clinical medical emergency defibrillator (including operation score and attitude after training). RESULTS: The scores of defibrillator operation in the experimental group of junior college students (87.77 ± 4.11 vs. 83.30 ± 4.56, P < 0.001) and the experimental group of undergraduate students (90.40 ± 3.67 vs. 89.12 ± 3.68, P = 0.011) were higher than those in the corresponding control group; The attitude of junior college students in the experimental group and undergraduate students in the experimental group after training was more positive than that of the corresponding control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The special defibrillator for teaching and training can save the purchase cost of teaching equipment, increase teaching and training resources, and improve the trainee's defibrillation ability, defibrillation confidence and defibrillation security.

Photoinitiated Multicomponent Anti-Markovnikov Alkoxylation over Graphene Oxide.

The development of graphene oxide-based heterogeneous materials with an economical and environmentally-friendly manner has the potential to facilitate many important organic transformations but proves to have few relevant reported reactions. Herein, we explore the synergistic role of catalytic systems driven by graphene oxide and visible light that form nucleophilic alkoxyl radical intermediates, which enable an anti-Markovnikov addition exclusively to the terminal alkenes, and then the produced benzyl radicals are subsequently added with N-methylquinoxalones. This photoinduced cascade radical difunctionalization of olefins offers a concise and applicable protocol for constructing alkoxyl-substituted N-methylquinoxalones.

Second Messenger c-di-GMP Modulates Exopolysaccharide Pea-Dependent Phenotypes via Regulation of eppA Expression in Pseudomonas putida.

The exopolysaccharide (EPS) Pea is essential for wrinkly colony morphology, pellicle formation, and robust biofilm production in Pseudomonas putida. The second messenger cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP) induces wrinkly colony morphology in P. putida through an unknown mechanism(s). Herein, we found that c-di-GMP modulates wrinkly colony morphology via the regulation of expression of eppA (PP_5586), a small individually transcribed gene of 177 bp, and this gene was adjacent to the upstream region of the pea cluster. Phenotype observation revealed that eppA was essential for Pea-dependent phenotypes. The deletion of eppA led to a smooth colony morphology and impaired biofilm, which was analogous to the phenotypes with loss of the entire pea operon. eppA expression was positively regulated by c-di-GMP via the transcriptional effector FleQ, and eppA was essential for the c-di-GMP-induced wrinkly colony morphology. Structure prediction results implied that EppA had two transmembrane regions, and Western blotting revealed that EppA was located on the cell membrane. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that EppA had no significant effect on the transcriptomic profile of P. putida. A bacterial two-hybrid (BTH) assay suggested that there was no direct interaction between EppA and the proteins in the pea cluster and adjacent operons. Overall, these findings reveal that EppA is essential for Pea-dependent phenotypes and that c-di-GMP modulates Pea-dependent phenotypes via regulation of eppA expression in P. putida. IMPORTANCE Microbe-secreted EPSs are high-molecular-weight polysaccharides that have the potential to be used as industrially important biomaterials. The EPS Pea in P. putida is essential for wrinkly colony morphology and pellicle formation. Here, we identified a function-unknown protein, EppA, which was also essential for Pea-dependent wrinkly colony morphology and pellicle formation, and EppA was probably involved in Pea secretion. Meanwhile, our results indicated that the second messenger c-di-GMP positively regulated the expression of EppA, resulting in Pea-dependent wrinkly colony morphology. Our results reveal the relationship of c-di-GMP, EppA, and Pea-dependent phenotypes and provide a possible pathway to construct genetically engineered strains for high Pea production.

"An integrated system, three separated responsibilities", a new fever clinic management model, in prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia.

BACKGROUND: Since December 2019, there have been many new cases of coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, Hubei Province, which has gradually spread throughout the country. AIM: To explore our hospital's innovative management system to ensure the efficient operation of fever clinics during the epidemic, since controlling the spread of disease is an important way to prevent and control the epidemic. METHODS: In total, 200 outpatients with fever at our hospital between November 2019 and July 2020 were selected and allocated into two groups. RESULTS: The fever clinic in our hospital operated smoothly, and infection with the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has not been reported in our hospital. Additionally, we did not have any cases of missed diagnosis. The awareness regarding COVID-19 infection sources, transmission routes, early symptoms, and preventive measures was significantly higher in our fever clinic than in those of the pre-management group. CONCLUSION: "An integrated system, three separate responsibilities" ensured the efficient functioning of our fever outpatient clinic and early screening of COVID-19 cases, which effectively curbed the transmission of COVID-19 and hence prevented COVID-19 pneumonia epidemic in our hospital, ultimately achieving the maximum effect of epidemic prevention and control.

Coal and gangue identification method based on the intensity image of lidar and DenseNet.

Coal and gangue (rock) identification is the essential process in a coal preparation plant. In an actual coal preparation plant, the existing classification methods have many disadvantages in safety and identification rate. We utilized the echo intensity image (EII) of lidar for coal and gangue identification for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and achieved outstanding recognition results with a convolutional neural network. First, we acquire the information of the 3D point cloud, including the distance and the echo intensity, and decompose them into two channels. Then, we utilize the distance channel to remove the background noises and separate the object and the echo intensity channel to construct the 2D EII. Finally, we prune the dense convolutional network (DenseNet-121) to DenseNet-40 for the real-time identification and compare its F1 score with the other two traditional recognition algorithms. The experiment shows that the F1 score of the DenseNet-40 is up to 0.96, which indicates the DenseNet-40 is provably higher than other traditional algorithms in accuracy. Through trial and error, we find that the echo intensity of lidar can clearly show the texture information of coal and gangue. After combining with the DenseNet-40, it has more benefits than the existing classification methods in accuracy, efficiency, and robustness.

Comparison of the Initiation Time of Enteral Nutrition for Critically Ill Patients: At Admission vs. 24 to 48 Hours after Admission.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the better time of initiation of enteral nutrition for critically ill patients, such as at admission or 24 to 48 hours after admission. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, parallel-controlled, single-blind, interventional clinical trial. A total of 100 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of our hospital between January 2017 and December 2018 were recruited in this study. These patients had been divided into the control group or intervention group by a computer-generated random number table, and each group had 50 patients. For the control group, a gastric tube was inserted to start enteral nutrition at 24 to 48 hours after admission. For the intervention group, a nasojejunal tube was placed to start enteral nutrition at admission. The main endpoints included serum albumin and prealbumin at admission and on days 3, 7, and 14 after admission, length of ICU stay, ventilator time, and complications such as diarrhea, gastric retention, esophageal reflux, and pulmonary infection. RESULTS: The results showed that serum albumin and prealbumin were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The length of ICU stay (P < 0.05) and ventilator time (P < 0.05) were both significantly shorter in the intervention group than in the control group. The incidences of gastric retention, esophageal reflux, and pulmonary infection were significantly lower in the intervention group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In the absence of contraindications, enteral nutrition can be initiated immediately after admission to the ICU (within 6 hours), and feeding nasojejunal tube is recommended. It can improve the nutritional status and prognosis of critical patients, improve the feeding effect, shorten the length of stay in the ICU and the use of the ventilator, and reduce the incidence of complications.

The two-component system TarR-TarS is regulated by c-di-GMP/FleQ and FliA and modulates antibiotic susceptibility in Pseudomonas putida.

Two-component systems (TCSs) are predominant means by which bacteria sense and respond to environment signals. Genome of Pseudomonas putida contains dozens of putative TCS-encoding genes, but phenotypical-genotypical correlation and transcriptional regulation of these genes are largely unknown. Herein, we characterized function and transcriptional regulation of a conserved P. putida TCS, named TarR-TarS. TarS (PP_0769) encodes a potential histidine kinase, and tarR (PP_0768) encodes a potential response regulator. Protein-protein interaction assay and phosphorylation assay confirmed that TarR-TarS was a functional TCS. Growth assay under antibiotics revealed that TarR-TarS positively regulated bacterial resistance to multiple antibiotics. Pull-down assay revealed that TarR directly interacted with PP_0800 (a hypothetical protein) and GroEL (the chaperonin). GroEL played a positive role in antibiotic resistance, while PP_0800 seemed to have no effect on antibiotic resistance. The regulator FleQ indirectly activated tarR-tarS transcription. However, the second messenger c-di-GMP antagonized FleQ activation to inhibit tarR-tarS transcription. The sigma factor FliA directly activated tarR-tarS transcription via a consensus motif. These findings reveal function and transcriptional regulation of TarR-TarS, and enrich knowledge regarding the relationship between c-di-GMP and antibiotic susceptibility in P. putida.

[Effects of Astragalus sinicus combined with chemical fertilizer on nitrogen absorption and utilization of rice and nitrogen distribution and residue of Astragalus sinicus in rice-soil system.] / ç´«äº‘è‹±é æ–½åŒ–è‚¥å¯¹æ°´ç¨»æ°®ç´ å¸æ”¶åˆ©ç”¨å’Œç´«äº‘è‹±æ°®åœ¨æ°´ç¨»-åœŸå£¤ä½“ç³»åˆ†é ã€æ®‹ç•™çš„å½±å“.

Clarifying the pattern of nitrogen absorption and utilization of rice under the treatments of Astragalus sinicus combined with chemical fertilizer application and the pattern of absorption, utilization, distribution and residue of A. sinicus nitrogen in rice-soil system could provide basis to rational fertilization for rice planting area in southern Henan. In this study, undisturbed soil column simulation and isotope tracer technology of 15N were used to examine the differences of nitrogen uptake and utilization of rice, nitrogen nutrient balance of rice-soil system and nitrogen uptake, utilization, distribution and residue of A. sinicus nitrogen after mineralization and decomposition among seven treatments. The treatments involved 1) no fertilization (CK); 2) chemical fertilizer+22500 kg·hm-2 A. sinicus (FM1); 3) chemical fertilizer+30000 kg·hm-2 A. sinicus (FM2); 4) chemical fertilizer+37500 kg·hm-2 A. sinicus (FM3); 5) chemical fertilizer+22500 kg·hm-2 A. sinicus +lime (FM1+CaO); 6) chemical fertilizer+30000 kg·hm-2 A. sinicus lime (FM2+CaO); 7) chemical fertilizer+37500 kg·hm-2 A. sinicus +lime (FM3+CaO). Results showed that compared with CK, fertilization significantly increased nitrogen uptake of grain and rice stalks, apparent nitrogen loss, and nitrogen surplus. The grain nitrogen uptake, rice straw nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency of rice increased firstly and then decreased with the increasing A. sinicus application rates, while the apparent nitrogen loss and nitrogen surplus showed the opposite trend. The best performance was presented under the treatment of chemical fertilizer combined with 30000 kg·hm-2 of A. sinicus. Lime addition could increase grain nitrogen uptake, rice straw nitrogen uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency of rice, while reducing apparent nitrogen loss and nitrogen surplus, with the best performance of FM2+CaO. For all the treatments, the proportion of nitrogen absorbed by rice from A. sinicus was 6.3%-13.2%, while that from soil and chemical fertilizer was 86.8%-93.7%. The utilization ratio of A. sinicus nitrogen by rice was 23.8%-33.6%. The utilization ratio of A. sinicus nitrogen in different parts of rice was grain > stem and leaf > root. The residue rate of A. sinicus nitrogen in soil was 37.6%-62.4%. The loss rate of A. sinicus nitrogen was 7.8%-38.6%. Comprehensively considering nitrogen absorption and utilization of rice, nitrogen nutrient balance of rice-soil system, and the distribution situation of nitrogen from A. sinicus in rice, FM2+CaO was the optimum fertilization pattern in the study area.