Diel niche partitioning of a plant-hummingbird network in the Atlantic forest of Brazil.

Niche partitioning is an important mechanism that allows species to coexist. Within mutualistic interaction networks, diel niche partitioning, i.e., partitioning of resources throughout the day, has been neglected. We explored diel niche partitioning of a plant-hummingbird network in the Brazilian Atlantic forest for nine months. To evaluate diel patterns of hummingbird visits and nectar production, we used time-lapse cameras on focal flowers and repeated nectar volume and concentration measures, respectively. Additionally, we measured flower abundance around focal flowers and flower morphological traits. We did not observe diel partitioning for either hummingbirds or plants. Instead, hummingbirds appeared to specialize in different plant species, consistent with trophic niche partitioning, potentially resulting from competition. In contrast, plant species that co-flowered and shared hummingbird visits produced nectar during similar times, consistent with facilitation. Our focus on the fine-scale temporal pattern revealed that plants and hummingbirds appear to have different strategies for promoting co-existence.

An Exceptional Case of Light Chain Only Variant of Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposits Secondary to Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

We present the case of an 86-year-old Caucasian male with an 11-year history of low-grade chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) presenting with nephrotic syndrome (NS). Renal biopsy findings showed a diffuse mesangial and endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN) lesion with fine granular deposits, consistent with a rare morphologic variant of proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits (PGNMID)-lambda light chain (LC) only. Monthly combination therapy of rituximab (500 mg/m2 on day 1), fludarabine (30 mg/m2 on days 1-3), and cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m2 on days 1-3) was administered. Five courses of this regimen resulted in hematological remission, as well as a partial renal response with a reduction in the spot urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) of 815.3 mg/g (reduction > 50% proteinuria without improvement in kidney function). This condition is a rare morphological variant of PGNMID, poorly described in CLL patients. We review the literature and suggest that this case provides sheds light on the unknown pathophysiological mechanisms of monoclonal immunoglobulins (MIg)-mediated glomerular damage in CLL patients, and may be helpful for the investigation of a more effective treatment.

Alcohol Diffusion in Alkali-Metal-Doped Polymeric Membranes for Using in Alkaline Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells.

The alcohol permeability of anion exchange membranes is a crucial property when they are used as a solid electrolyte in alkaline direct alcohol fuel cells and electrolyzers. The membrane is the core component to impede the fuel crossover and allows the ionic transport, and it strongly affects the fuel cell performance. The aim of this work is to compare different anion exchange membranes to be used as an electrolyte in alkaline direct alcohol fuels cells. The alcohol permeability of four commercial anion exchange membranes with different structure were analyzed in several hydro-organic media. The membranes were doped using different types of alkaline doping agents (LiOH, NaOH, and KOH) and different conditions to analyze the effect of the treatment on the membrane behavior. Methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol were analyzed. The study was focused on the diffusive contribution to the alcohol crossover that affects the fuel cell performance. To this purpose, alcohol permeability was determined for various membrane systems. The results show that membrane alcohol permeability is affected by the doping conditions, depending on the effect on the type of membrane and alcohol nature. In general, heterogeneous membranes presented a positive correlation between alcohol permeability and doping capacity, with a lower effect for larger-size alcohols. A definite trend was not observed for homogeneous membranes.

In vitro mineral apposition analysis of two Colombian plant extracts on Amelogenesis imperfecta teeth.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if native Colombian Piper marginatum Jacq. and Ilex guayusa Loes plant extracts have a remineralizing effect on teeth with Amelogenesis imperfecta in comparison with the commercial products Clinpro-3M and Recaldent™. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An in vitro study was carried out with 128 human teeth slices (64 healthy and 64 with Amelogenesis imperfecta) on which an initial Raman spectroscopy was performed followed by Raman spectroscopies at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h to determine possible remineralization by observing mineral increase or decrease as a result of P. marginatum Jacq. and I. guayusa Loes extract application in comparison to control substance (Clinpro and Recaldent™) application. Obtained data were analyzed using a bivariate method with a t unidirectional test. Significant differences among groups were determined by an ANOVA with Dunnett post hoc tests. RESULTS: Native I. guayusa Loes and P. marginatum Jacq. Colombian plants extracts exhibited phosphate and orthophosphate mineral apposition, where P. marginatum Jacq. presented better results. CONCLUSIONS: Native Colombian I. guayusa Loes and P. marginatum Jacq plant extract might in the future be useful for dental tissue remineralization, as they induced phosphate and orthophosphate mineral apposition, main components of tooth enamel. These types of natural compounds can become an alternative to fluorine, whose ingestion is harmful to the human body.

Study of UV-C treatments on postharvest life of blueberries 'O'Neal' and correlation between structure and quality parameters.

The effect of different doses of UV-C light (5.3, 8.3 and 11.4 kJ/m2) on native mycobiota and Botrytis cinerea incidence, micro and ultrastructure, biomechanical properties and weight loss of blueberry fruit cv. O'Neal during 20 days of storage at 8 ± 1 °C was evaluated. Decay incidence was significantly reduced by all UV-C light doses for both, native mycobiota and inoculated B. cinerea. The highest UV-C dose studied (11.4 kJ/m2) was the most effective indelaying the onset of fungal and B. cinerea infection (6 and 4 days, respectively). UV-C irradiation caused some distinctive changes in fruit structure characterized by redistribution, alteration and partial removal of epicuticular waxes, reinforcement of epicarp cell walls, and modifications in the cuticle. Biomechanical parameters were not affected by UV-C treatments excepting at day 15 where irradiated samples showed higher values of rupture force (FR) and deformation (D). Structure changes partially explained the significant increase in weight loss, FR and D values in irradiated fruit after 15 days of storage. UV-C irradiation could be an alternative for delaying and reducing fungal infection. However, postharvest shelf-life of irradiated blueberries could be limited by the negative effect on weight loss.

May-Thurner syndrome and deep vein thrombosis: A series of 8 patients.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the prevalence of May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) among patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of left lower limb (LLL), and outcomes after long-term follow-up. METHOD: Retrospective observational study that included patients older than 18 diagnosed with acute DVT and MTS. RESULTS: Among 760 patients diagnosed with DVT in the LLL, 8 patients were diagnosed with MTS (1.05%), with a mean age of 39 years. All patients received long-term anticoagulation, with a mean of 31.9 (±25.2) months. Invasive treatment with pharmaco-mechanical thrombectomy was performed in 5 patients (62.5%). During follow-up (mean of 32.4 months), 25% of patients suffered DVT recurrence. Only 1 case presented major bleeding, and no deaths were registered. CONCLUSIONS: May-Thurner syndrome constitutes a permanent and underdiagnosed risk factor for the development of DVT of LLL. Our findings suggest that long-term anticoagulation therapy might be considered in selected cases.

Temporal stability in species richness but reordering in species abundances within avian assemblages of a tropical Andes conservation hot spot.

As the pace of environmental change increases, there is an urgent need for quantitative data revealing the temporal dynamics of local communities in tropical areas. Here, we quantify the stability of avian assemblages in the highly threatened, but poorly studied, Andean biodiversity hot spot. We evaluated the temporal variation in species richness and community composition of local bird assemblages in three habitat types (native forest, introduced forest, native shrub) using a unique, relatively long-term data series from Cajas National Park and Mazán Reserve in the southern Andes of Ecuador. We sampled birds with mist nets using a standardized protocol over 11 years, from 2006 to 2016. Species richness remained stable over time across habitats, but community composition changed in the native forest. In particular, we observed taxonomic reordering in the native forest, in which the evenness in the distribution of abundances of taxa decreased over time. This finding is consistent with other studies where species richness remained constant over time while community composition changed. Our study highlights the value of long-term studies in the tropical Andes as we show that species composition of birds in a montane forest is changing, consistent with global trends in biodiversity change.

La tasa acelerada del incremento en el cambio ambiental crea la necesidad urgente de datos cuantitativos que expongan la dinámica temporal de comunidades locales en áreas tropicales. En este manuscrito, cuantificamos la estabilidad de ensambles de aves un área altamente amenazada pero poco estudiada, el hot­spot de biodiversidad Andino. Evaluamos la variación temporal en riqueza y composición del ensamble de aves local en tres tipos de hábitat (bosque nativo, bosque introducido, matorrales nativos) usando una serie de datos de largo plazo relativo, obtenidos en el Parque Nacional Cajas y la reserva Mazan, en los Andes del sur del Ecuador. Las aves se estudiaron con redes de neblina por medio de protocolos estandarizados por 11 años, desde 1996 al 2016. La riqueza de especies permaneció estable en el tiempo en todos los hábitats, pero la composición de especies cambió en el bosque nativo. En particular, observamos un reorden taxonómico en el bosque nativo, en el cual existió una diminución en la equitatividad de las distribuciones de las especies en el tiempo. Este resultado es consistente con otros estudios que encuentran que la riqueza de especies permanece constante en el tiempo mientras que la composición de la comunidad cambia. Nuestro trabajo resalta el valor de los estudios de largo tiempo en los Andes tropicales al demostrar que la composición de aves está cambiando, y concuerda con los patrones globales de cambio de la biodiversidad.

Cambios fisiológicos y morfológicos tempranos en el riñón remanente de donantes vivos / Early physiological and morphological changes in the remnant kidney of living donors

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de describir los cambios funcionales y morfológicos tempranos en el riñón remanente de donantes vivos, se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en el Hospital Cayetano Heredia, en el que se incluyeron 55 individuos. De las historias clínicas, se obtuvieron los datos clínicos y demográficos, así como la depuración de creatinina, la proteinuria, la presión arterial y las dimensiones renales a los 1, 2, 3, 6 y 12 meses después de la donación del riñón. La edad media fue de 40,88 (±9,84) años; el 80% eran mujeres y el índice de masa corporal medio fue de 25,68 (±3,5) kg/m2. Se utilizaron modelos lineales y cuadráticos para estudiar las variables fisiológicas y morfológicas. Durante el tiempo de seguimiento, la tasa de filtración glomerular, la proteinuria, la presión arterial diastólica y la longitud de los riñones mostraron cambios significativos (p < 0,05).

ABSTRACT In order to describe the early functional and morphological changes in the remnant kidney of living donors, a retrospective study was carried out at the Cayetano Heredia Hospital. Data from 55 individuals was included. Clinical and demographic data were obtained from the clinical records, as well as data for creatinine clearance, proteinuria, blood pressure and renal dimensions at 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months after kidney donation. The mean age was 40.88 (±9.84) years; 80% were women and the mean body mass index was 25.68 (±3.5) kg/m2. Linear and quadratic models were used to study physiological and morphological variables. During the follow-up time, glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, diastolic blood pressure, and kidney length showed significant changes (p < 0.05).

Early physiological and morphological changes in the remnant kidney of living donors. / Cambios fisiológicos y morfológicos tempranos en el riñón remanente de donantes vivos.

In order to describe the early functional and morphological changes in the remnant kidney of living donors, a retrospective study was carried out at the Cayetano Heredia Hospital. Data from 55 individuals was included. Clinical and demographic data were obtained from the clinical records, as well as data for creatinine clearance, proteinuria, blood pressure and renal dimensions at 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months after kidney donation. The mean age was 40.88 (±9.84) years; 80% were women and the mean body mass index was 25.68 (±3.5) kg/m2. Linear and quadratic models were used to study physiological and morphological variables. During the follow-up time, glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, diastolic blood pressure, and kidney length showed significant changes (p < 0.05).

Con el objetivo de describir los cambios funcionales y morfológicos tempranos en el riñón remanente de donantes vivos, se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en el Hospital Cayetano Heredia, en el que se incluyeron 55 individuos. De las historias clínicas, se obtuvieron los datos clínicos y demográficos, así como la depuración de creatinina, la proteinuria, la presión arterial y las dimensiones renales a los 1, 2, 3, 6 y 12 meses después de la donación del riñón. La edad media fue de 40,88 (±9,84) años; el 80% eran mujeres y el índice de masa corporal medio fue de 25,68 (±3,5) kg/m2. Se utilizaron modelos lineales y cuadráticos para estudiar las variables fisiológicas y morfológicas. Durante el tiempo de seguimiento, la tasa de filtración glomerular, la proteinuria, la presión arterial diastólica y la longitud de los riñones mostraron cambios significativos (p < 0,05).

Nuestras Historias- Designing a novel digital story intervention through participatory methods to improve maternal and child health in the Peruvian Amazon.

BACKGROUND: In rural areas of the Loreto region within the Peruvian Amazon, maternal mortality rate is above the national average and the majority of women deliver at home without care from a trained health care provider. METHODS: To develop community-tailored videos that could be used for future interventions, we conducted Photovoice and digital storytelling workshops with community health workers (CHW) and mothers from 13 rural communities in the Parinari district. Through Photovoice we recognized local barriers to healthy pregnancies. Participants (n = 28) were trained in basic photography skills and ethics. They captured photos representing perceived pregnancy-related road-blocks and supports, and these photos identified central themes. Participants recorded personal stories and "storyboarded" to develop digital stories around these themes, and a Digital Story Curriculum called Nuestras Historias (Our Stories), was created. An acceptability survey of the digital stories was then conducted including 47 men (M) and 60 women (F). RESULTS: According to the PhotoVoice workshops, pregnancy-related problems included: lack of partner support, domestic violence, early pregnancies, difficulty attending prenatal appointments, and complications during pregnancy and delivery. Over 30 stories on these themes were recorded. Seven were selected based on clarity, thematic relevance, and narrative quality and were edited by a professional filmmaker. The acceptability survey showed that local participants found the digital stories novel (M = 89.4%, F = 83.3%), relatable (M = 89.4%, F = 93.2%), educational (M = 91.5%, F = 93.3%) and shareable (M = 100%, F = 100%). Over 90% of respondents rated the digital stories as "Excellent" or "Good", found the videos "Useful" and considered them "Relevant" to their communities. CONCLUSIONS: The digital stories address community-specific problems through narrative persuasion using local voices and photography. This combination had a high acceptability among the target population and can serve as a model for developing educational strategies in a community-tailored manner. This package of seven videos will be further evaluated through a cluster randomized trial.

[Use and perceptions of information and communication technologies in patients with hypertension, dyslipidemia or diabetes in a national hospital in Lima, Peru]. / Uso y percepciones de las tecnologías de información y comunicación en pacientes con hipertensión arterial, dislipidemia o diabetes de un hospital nacional de Lima, Perú.

This study aimed to determine the use and perceptions towards information and communication technologies (ICT) in 206 patients with arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes, recruited from the outpatient clinic in a national hospital in Lima, Peru. 54.4% were older adults and 70.4% were women. The use of daily phone calls was 44.7%. Most had never used a computer (78.2%), email (84%) or the Internet (84%). Many have never sent (80.6%) or received (69.9%) a text message. 70% had at some time forgotten to take their medicine. 72.8% would like to be reminded to take their medication and 67.9% had a family member who could help them with access to ICT. Despite the low use of ICT in this population, there is willingness and expectation from the patients to participate in programs that implement them.

Uso y percepciones de las tecnologías de información y comunicación en pacientes con hipertensión arterial, dislipidemia o diabetes de un hospital nacional de Lima, Perú / Use and perceptions of information and communication technologies in patients with hypertension, dyslipidemia or diabetes in a national hospital in Lima, Perú

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el uso y percepciones hacia las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC), en 206 pacientes portadores de hipertensión arterial, dislipidemia y diabetes, reclutados de la consulta externa en un hospital nacional de Lima, Perú. El 54,4% fueron adultos mayores y 70,4% mujeres. El uso diario de llamadas por celular fue 44,7%; la mayoría nunca había usado una computadora (78,2%), correo electrónico (84%) o Internet (84%). Muchos nunca han enviado (80,6%) o recibido (69,9%) un mensaje de texto. El 70% ha olvidado alguna vez tomar su medicina. Al 72,8% le gustaría que le recuerden tomar sus medicinas y 67,9% tiene algún familiar que podría ayudarlos a acceder a las TIC. Pese al bajo uso de las TIC en esta población, existe predisposición y expectativa por los pacientes a participar en programas que las implementen.

This study aimed to determine the use and perceptions towards information and communication technologies (ICT) in 206 patients with arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes, recruited from the outpatient clinic in a national hospital in Lima, Peru. 54.4% were older adults and 70.4% were women. The use of daily phone calls was 44.7%. Most had never used a computer (78.2%), email (84%) or the Internet (84%). Many have never sent (80.6%) or received (69.9%) a text message. 70% had at some time forgotten to take their medicine. 72.8% would like to be reminded to take their medication and 67.9% had a family member who could help them with access to ICT. Despite the low use of ICT in this population, there is willingness and expectation from the patients to participate in programs that implement them.

Bulimia nerviosa y factores de riesgo asociados en adolescentes escolarizados de 14 a 18 años en Barranquilla (Colombia) / Bulimia and associated risk factors in school adolescents of 14 - 18 years of Barranquilla (Colombia)

Objetivo: establecer la prevalencia de riesgo de bulimia y de factores de riesgo asociados en adolecentes escolarizados de 14 a 18 años de Barranquilla. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal partir de una muestra representativa de escolares de cuatro establecimientos educativos de Barranquilla. Participaron 149 sujetos de 14 a 18 años. Se aplicó instrumento para determinar imagen corporal y bulimia (Body Shape Questionarie), el Bulimia Test of Edinburgh, Test de Rosemberg y DASS21, se estimó IMC y se empleó un cuestionario para determinantes personales. Resultados: La prevalencia de riesgo de bulimia fue del 44,3 %. El perfil identifica pre-ferencialmente a 51,3 % mujeres, una de cada cuatro con sobrepeso, y de ellos, el 53 % tenía 16 años o más. Las características relevantes: 18,2 % consumía diuréticos y laxantes para bajar de peso; el 40,9 % tenía problemas económicos; el 56 % manifestó ansiedad; el 53 % depresión y el 53 % insatisfacción con su imagen corporal. Se observó tendencia a la asociación con: sobrepeso, saltar comidas con frecuencia, consumir tres comidas y picar, consumir tres comidas, emplear diuréticos o laxantes para bajar de peso, ansiedad, depresión, estrés e insatisfacción corporal; se obtuvieron razones de disparidad significantes y probabilidad del chi-cuadrado menor de 0.05. Conclusión: El riesgo de bulimia se presentó preferencialmente en el grupo de > 16 años, en mujeres y en el estrato medio. Se aprecia una asociación estadística con sobrepeso saltar comidas con frecuencia, consumir tres comidas y picar, consumir tres comidas, emplear diuréticos o laxantes para bajar de peso, ansiedad, depresión, estrés e insatisfacción corporal.

Objective: To establish the prevalence of bulimia risk and associated risk factors in school adolescents of 14-18 years of Barranquilla. Materials and methods: cross-sectional study, from a representative sample of school four educational establishments Barranquilla. 149 healthy subjects 14-18years. Instrument was applied to determine body image and bulimia (Body Shape Questionarie), the Bulimia Test of Edinburgh, Rosemberg and DASS21 test, BMI was estimated and used a questionnaire to personal determinants. Results: The prevalence of risk of bulimia was 44,3 %. The profile identifies women preferentially to 51,3 %, one in four overweight and of these, 53 % had 16 years or more. The relevant characteristics: 18,2 % used diuretics and laxatives to lose weight, 40,9 % had financial problems, 56 % reported anxiety, 53 % depression and 53 % dissatisfaction with body image. Trend was observed association with: overweight, often skip meals, eat three meals and snacks, eating three meals, using diuretics or laxatives for weight loss, anxiety, depression, stress and body dissatisfaction disparity ratios were significant and chi-square probability of less than 0.05. Conclusion: The risk of bulimia was presented preferentially in the group > 16 years, in women and in the middle tier. Statistical associations were observed between overweight often skip meals, eat three meals and snacks, eating three meals, using diuretics or laxatives for weight loss, anxiety, depression, stress and body dissatisfaction.

Evaluación de los cambios en la presión intraocular luego de inyección intravítrea de antiangiogénicos / Evaluation of intraocular pressure changes after intravitreal injections of antiangiogenics

Objetivo: determinar la magnitud de la variación en los valores de la presión intraocular (PIO) luego de la inyección intravítrea de antiangiogénicos. Diseño: serie de casos, observacional, cohorte prospectivo. Participantes: 90 ojos intervenidos de inyección intravítrea de antiangiogénicos. Métodos: a todos los pacientes se les administró bevacizumab o ranibizumab vía intravítrea como tratamiento para su patología subyacente. Se les hicieron controles de presión intraocular a los días 1, 8, 15 y 30 posterior a la inyección. El análisis de la descripción de las variables se realizó a través de medidas de tendencia central y calculo de tablas de frecuencia y gráficas. Para los análisis estadísticos se usó el programa Epi-info 3.5.1 de 2008 y SPSS versión 18 tomando como un valor significativo de los fenómenos una p<0.05. Resultados: La media de edad de los pacientes intervenidos fue de 67.27 años. 71 pacientes (79%) no tenían diagnóstico previo de glaucoma. Los valores de presión intraocular tendieron a la disminución de manera significativa (p<0.05) en todos los controles observándose una regresión a valores cercanos a la presión intraocular previa a la inyección hacia el día 30 post intervención. El comportamiento no varió independiente del tipo de antiangiogénico utilizado, el número de dosis empleada o el hecho de tener o no glaucoma previo. Conclusiones: la inyección de antiangiogénicos intravítreos parece ser segura en cuanto a las modificaciones que induce de la presión intraocular a corto y mediano plazo.

Purpose: to determine the quantity of variation in the values of Intraocular Pressure (IOP) after intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents. Design: case series, observational, prospective cohort. Participants: 90 eyes that underwent intravitreal injection of an anti-VEGF agent. Methods: all patients underwent intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab or Ranibizumab as treatment of their subsequent pathology. IOP was then measured at days 1, 8, 15 and 30 after the injection. Descriptive analyses with Epi-info 3.5.1 (2008) and SPSS (18) software was done. Results: mean age of the patients was 67.27 years old. 71 patients (79%) did not have previous glaucoma diagnosis. Th e IOP values tended to decrease in a signifi cant manner (p<0.05) in all the IOP control measures and a regression near to the prior to therapy IOP value was seen at the 30th day post injection. This behavior did not vary according to the type of anti-VEGF used, or the number of doses previously received, neither the previous diagnosis of glaucoma. Conclusions: intravitreal anti-VEGF injections are apparently safe related to the changes in IOP values they induce in the short and medium term.

Participación estudiantil en proyectos de intervención rural en salud: la experiencia iris-x en Perú / Student participation in health rural intervention projects: iris-x experience in Peru

Las actividades que integran el trabajo de campo, la ayuda social y la investigación han sido iniciativas promovidas por varias sociedades estudiantiles de diferentes universidades relacionadas con las ciencias de la salud. El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir la participación estudiantil de una universidad peruana en un proyecto en salud de participación y colaboración en espacios rurales o urbano-marginales denominado Intervención Rural de Investigación y Saneamiento (IRIS). La décima versión (IRIS-X) tuvo lugar del 4 al 8 de enero de 2009 en el centro poblado de Huaripampa (Ancash, Perú). Se realizó campañas de salud, sesiones educativas y trabajos de investigación en este periodo. El IRIS-X permitió alos alumnos aplicar los conocimientos adquiridos durante la formación universitaria y llevar a cabo proyectos de investigación científica desde el pregrado, contribuyendo sanitariamente a la población más pobrfe y desatendida del país.

Activities that involve field work, social assistance and research are initiatives which have been promoted by severalstudent societies from different universities related to health sciences. The purpose of this article is to describe the involvement of students from a Peruvian university in a rural health intervention and in the collaboration in rural and sub urban spaces called Intervención Rural de Investigación y Saneamiento (IRIS). The tenth version (IRIS-X) was held from 4-8 January 2009 in the town Huaripampa (Ancash, Peru). Health campaigns, educational sessions and research projects were conducted during this period of time. IRIS-X allowed the students to apply the knowledge acquired during academic classes at the university and to develop scientific research projects from the undergraduate level, contributingto the poorest and most neglected communities in the country.