EFFECT OF RADIATION ON AGING PROCESSES AND TELOMERE LENGTH. / VPLYV RADIATsIÏ NA PROTsESY STARINNIa TA DOVZhYNU TELOMER.

Telomeres are the ending areas of chromosomes - protective «caps¼ that ensure the stability of chromosomes. Telomere shortening is one of the most important biological signs of aging and is involved in cellular aging and the «mitotic clock¼ mechanism. One of the known mechanisms of the impact of radiation on the aging process is damage to telomeres by free radicals. Oxidative stress has a toxic effect on telomere length. The increase in free radicals occurs under the action of both ionizing and nonionizing radiation, although antioxidant mechanisms are often able to neutralize harmful free radicals. Low doses of nonionizing and ionizing radiation even cause the activation of antioxidant systems, however, when the body is exposed to radiation at a high dose or for a long time, or if pathological processes with oxidative stress occur in the body, damage to cells becomes more noticeable, and aging processes accelerate. Maintaining telomere length and a normal rate of aging is important for health. In this review, we want to discuss the role of ionizing and nonionizing radiation in cellular aging, in particular, in the shortening of telomere length.

RADON HORMESIS IN EPILEPTIC PATHOGENESIS AND PREDICTORS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS.

Numerous experimental and clinical studies have shown that oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in the development of epilepsy. The epileptic seizures themselves are caused by OS and, under conditions of a hypermetabolic state, cause an intensive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain. The reason for this is called a change in the energy balance in the brain. According to the literature, ROS and other markers of oxidative stress were observed in the brain after seizures. Based on the above data, the aim of our study was to study a short-term 5-day (5 min) inhalation of radonized water from Tskhaltubo using an epileptic model of the Krushinsky-Molotkin line in rats and to identify changes in markers of oxidative stress in rats. Predictors of oxidative stress were studied, PAT, D-ROM (reactive oxygen metabolite index), OBRI (oxidative stress balance risk index) and OSI (oxidative stress index) were evaluated to assess the antioxidant capacity of plasma. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that: inhalation of Tskhaltubinsk water develops the effect of hormesis, which causes positive changes in all of the above markers of oxidative stress in the brain. Based on the data presented, inhalation of Tskhaltubo water can be considered as one of the methods for removing and treating convulsive phenomena, which is confirmed by experimental studies.

STUDY OF THE HYGIENIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ORAL CAVITY UNDER THE COMPLEX EFFECT OF PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY AND TSKALTUBO SPRING WATER RADON HORMESIS.

The goal is to study the method of photodynamic therapy, which has become widespread in recent decades. This method of treatment has gained popularity in the treatment of both oncological and non-oncological inflammatory diseases in dentistry and other medical fields. We can conclude that the complex action of Rada Dent and Tskaltubo water (inhalation of Tskaltubo water and its use as rinses) leads to a gradual reduction and eventual eradication of the inflammatory process in the case of periodontitis. This can be explained by the unique properties that are characteristic of "Rada Dent" and Tskaltubo water. As we have seen, the above biochemical indicators are the determinants of periodontitis in patients with periodontitis, they are markers of the degree of periodontitis and we have clearly seen the complex action. High efficiency of "Rada Dent" and radon in the water of Tskaltubo - normalization of the action of oral enzymes, slowing down the inflammatory processes in the oral cavity and finally eradication. It is these unique properties that have become triggering the treatment and inhibit the initial stage of periodontitis.

IMPACT OF HOUSEHOLD MICROWAVE OVEN NON-IONIZING RADIATION ON BLOOD PLASMA CORTISOL LEVELS IN RATS AND THEIR BEHAVIOR.

In medical literature is known that the electromagnetic waves own a harmful effect on human organism. Is convinced shows that surround household microwave oven exist certain quantity of non-ionizing radiation leak. The aim of the present work is study the effect of non-ionizing radiation, emitted by household microwave oven, on the body weight, emotional and locomotor activity and cortisol blood plasma level in rats. 6 weeks Wistar rats cage were placed near microwaves oven, from closed door escape 727,24±84,55 Mw/m² Power Density microwaves. The oven was switch over two times a day for 3-3 minutes during 10 days. Experimental and control group rats are weighed before and after experiment. To assess the emotional state and locomotor activity open field test was performed and for determine stress level the concentration of plasma cortisol was measured. It was found that after 10 days, in microwave radiation exposure group rat body weight gain increase more than in control group. In open field test, microwave radiation exposure group rats spent more time in center square than control group rats, line crossings, center square entries, stretch attend postures are also more in microwave radiation exposure group rats than in control. Cortisol level in plasma were increased in microwave radiation exposure group rats than in control group. Complete analysis of our results have convinced shown the necessary to study of household microwave oven non-ionizing radiation.

INHALATION THERAPY BY RADON FROM TSKHALTUBO REGION IN CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES IN PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTITIS.

The study of clinical and biochemical processes in the oral cavity determined changes in the entire biochemical spectrum of the oral cavity in 132 patients aged 20-40 years with various forms of periodontitis. Similar follow-ups were divided into three groups in the main group with mild to moderate severity of periodontitis with a 10-day intake of radon, 43 patients were united into the control group with no pathological changes in periodontal tissue however. Inhalation and rinsing with radon-containing water causes a decrease in LDH levels in the oral cavity. In patients with mild severity it decreased by 1.29 times, and with moderate severity - by 1.16 times in the main group. The difference is statistically significant (p<0.01). which leads to a decrease in oxidative processes in the oral fluid and the restoration of the fermentation spectrum. As it is known, lactate hydrogenase is an indicator of anaerobic processes and, amylase change and the oral cavity PH, as well as the development of different forms of severity of periodontitis. In our case, the treatment with Tskaltubo water as an antioxidant medicine levels all these processes. Only in case of rinses with water of Tskaltubo, these changes are less pronounced, and in case of both inhalation and rinses they are more pronounced.

[COMPLEX STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF TSKHALTUBO RADON WATER INHALATION].

The effect of EMF of high frequencies (mobile phones and computers) and the action of radon therapeutic procedures (phenomenological and influencing therapeutic factors) is not still generally known. In addition, we are constantly under the influence of different EMF frequencies, the study of which also deserves attention. The aim of the work is detailed analysis of alpha radiation Tskhaltubo water effect. The subject of the study was 25 patients. The group took the inhalation procedure of air radon baths which was 36-370C, and radon concentration 37.0 Bq/m3. The conducted quantities and qualitative analyses show, that radon inhalation takes an active part in metabolism of biological active components: catecholamine's, amines and free amino acids. Biochemical experiments showed the normalization tendency of composition of these necessary blood-components after 10th day radon-therapeutic inhalation procedure.

COMPLEX STUDY OF MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF RADON IN MINERAL WATER OF TSKALTUBO AND ORAL CAVITY MINERALIZATION RECOVERY IN PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTITIS.

Supersaturation of hydroxyapatite is very important in order to preserve the homeostasis of mineral metabolism in the oral cavity. This indicates to the ability of saliva to preserve the homeostasis of the tooth tissues. So it is very important to use inhalations and rinses with Tskhaltubo mineral water. It is the alpha radiation of radon contained in the water of Tskhaltubo that plays a very important role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and the preservation of homeostasis of the oral cavity. A lot of works have been published lately proving that these doses are characterized by the so-called "hormesis", so the object of our interest is to determine the mechanism of radon hormesis and its effects on preserving the homeostasis of mineral metabolism in the oral cavity. Inhalation with mineral water of Tskhaltubo and its use for rinsing in case of parodontitis leads to decrease and ultimately elimination of the developed inflammatory processes. Tests were conducted on 150 volunteers, 120 of which were sick and 30 were practically healthy (control). As a result of the research it was established that inhalations with mineral water of Tskhaltubo and its use for rinsing in case of parodontitis leads to decrease and ultimately elimination of the developed inflammatory processes of the oral cavity. The unique properties of the mineral water of Tskhaltubo are an important component of the treatment of parodontitis at the initial stage of the disease.

CHANGES IN TOOTH HARD TISSUE MINERALI-ZATION AND BLOOD RHEOLOGY IN HEALTHY ADOLESCENTS AND THOSE WITH THYROID DYSFUNCTION.

Thyroid dysfunction causes spreading and development of caries in the teeth and changes in periodontal tissues. In addition, it causes changes in peripheral blood flow and mineralization, local transcapillary metabolism causes changes in blood rheology. There are only few works in this direction and, therefore, the purpose of our research was to find out how the mineralization and the rheological properties of blood are changed in lesion of periodontal tissue on a background of thyroid dysfunction. Accordingly, the stomatological study was conducted in 75 adolescents aged 12-18 years by the standard method, recommended by the World Health Organization. According to the study, 45 patients out of them suffered from thyroid dysfunction, in particular from hypothyroidism. The comparator group consisted of 30 children of the same age without endocrine abnormalities. By the gained results it is noted that in spite of different type lesions due to dental caries, the caries incidence and intensiveness is higher in children with hypothyroidism as compared to healthy children. Decrease in saliva excretion rate and increase in oral fluid viscosity was found in children with thyroid and endocrine diseases as compared to healthy children. In children with endocrine disorders concurrent increase in calcium content (1,43±0,08 mmol/l) and decrease in inorganic phosphate concentrations (4,54±0,15 mmol/l) is reliably established. In children with thyroid disfunction and while periodontal tissue pathology, rheological features are disordered more dramatically than in healthy children. Therefore, it can be said that the changes in the adolescents' thyroid function is one of the reasons for formation of periodontal tissue diseases.Therefore, at detecting even the first signs of the periodontal tissue diseases, it is desirable in adolescents to assess the thyroid functional condition, since it will be the precondition for effective treatment and management of dental disease, in particular, dental caries and lesions of periodontal tissue.

[THE LEVEL OF BENZ(A)PIREN IN TOBACCO SMOKE].

The medical problems of the environmental pollution with products of tobacco smoke are relatively known. The question of separate components of tobacco smoke, factors such a puff-volume, rate, distance, frequency, length of butt in the environment air is not well understand and should further be investigated. It is shown the dependence of the process on the following factors: physic-chemical parameters of atmospheric environment, brand of tobacco product, activity of smoking process. We aimed to determine the dependence of benz(a)pirene in the air samples of tobacco smoke in the distance of 2,0; 4,0 and 6,0m. from lighting cigarette after puff-by puff. Cigarettes were machine-smoked and the total particulate matter was collected (1,0m3) in room, having no air filtration and substances were analysed and identified by gashromatography. The condacted quantitative and qualitative analyses show, that distance of exposition from burning cigarette can change the volume of benz(a)pirene. In the result of pyrolitic and photochemical reactions in tobacco smoke at certain air space temperature new structures can be formed with high toxity and cancerogenity. The dominant transformation process is reaction with photochemically-produced radicals, which produced benz(a)piren as a minor product. Additional factors effecting indoor concentrations include location and ventilation condition time. Ultrafine particle and benz(a)piren deposition and smoking behavior were observed. The mainstream smoke was also monitored continuously in real time (3, 5 and 10 minute) on a puff-by-puff. Our data show that smoking pastime can change the structure and volume of component of tobacco smoke. The level of benz(a)piren in air samples was evaluated as the main background index of cigarette smoke toxity in relatively small room, having no air filtration system. This question still needs to be explained. It would be interesting to investigate of tobacco smoke components in lung tissue after the smoking process. The studies are necessary in different derection.

[The effects of grape seed and coriander oil on biochemical parameters of oral fluid in patients with periodontitis].

Biochemical changes that are taking place in patients with periodontitis 1 and 2 the quality of the individuals place in a laqtatdegidrogenazis, alkaline phosphatase activity increase and reduced activity amilazais. Therefore we can conclude that, there is an increase in superoxide substances, which causes an increase in the oral cavity patobakteriebis and quality of periodontitis. The grape seed and coriander oil is of vegetable origin and antioxidant drugs. Their action causes a statistically significant increase in the amilazis, alkaline phosphatase and laqtatdegidrogenazis reduction, while the latter leads pH - rate of return to oral fluid. It should be noted that the positive effect of coriander oil, but less effective.

[Influence of radiation on survivability, behavior and neurochemical correlates of rats].

The aim of the work was to study the dependence of individual radiosensitivity of white and black rats on radiation. The rats under study were derived from a cross between black and white rats and called Ratus Ratus-Georgia. Comparative radiosensitivity of white (Wistar) and black rats was studied at a total exposure with sublethal and lethal doses (5, 7 and 9 Gy). Cumulative survival functions of rats, a spectrum of changes in some ethological parameters and content of serotonin and catecholamines in their brain structures were given as criteria of radiosensitivity. Survival rate of black and white rats is connected with changes in the composition and distribution of biogenic amines in the various brain structures, as well as with a decrease of locomotor and orienting-exploratory activity, on the one hand, and with increase of emotionality, stereotyped activity, passive defensive behavior of the rats, on another. Regression coefficients of dependence of survival functions on irradiation doses of black rats were rather higher than those of white rats after irradiation with doses in 5, 7 and 9 Gy. A change in the intensity of mortality with changes in radiation dose per unit depends on the synthesis of serotonin and on the number of sulfhydryl groups, deficiency of which is one of the important factors for white rats. Results of the study allow us to suppose that changes in the radiation sensitivity of rats after irradiation with sublethal and lethal doses are caused by consequences of radiation damage and by activation of the serotonergic system at the process of restitution after radiation injury. On the other hand, a higher radiation sensitivity of white rats in comparison with that of black rats is caused by low content of serotonin, thiols, melanin and other biologically active substances which are endogenous radioprotectors defining individual radioresistance.

[The fatty acid composition of Ruta graveolens seed oil and its byological activity].

Using high-performance liquid chromatography methods are qualitatively and quantitatively identified most biological important high fatty acids, contained in Ruta graveolens seed oil grown on the experimental plot of Kutateladze Institute of Pharmakochemistry (Georgia) and compare its biological activity. Their relative concentration is expressed as percentages of the total fatty acid component. The sample contained the range of fatty acids from С12:0 to С22:0. The investigation showed different sensitivity of components. In order of elution the list of compound are reported. The oil contained 2,08±0,1 mg% lauric, 2,18±0,1 mg% miristic, 3,98±0,1 mg% palmitic, 30,90±1,2 mg% stearic, 41,92±1,8 mg% oleic, 10,14±0,4 mg% linolic, 6,50±0,3 mg% linolenic, 2,00±0,1 mg% arachinic and 2,10±0,1 mg% begenic acid. The chromatography signals with retention values 7,96 and 14,08 minuts are qualitatively not identified.

[The fatty acid composition of peach oil and its biological activity].

Using high-performance liquid chromatography methods (Cromatograph PTC-1, repractometer R-401, column Bondopaс C18) were quantitatively and qualitatively identified most biological important high fatty acids, contained in peach oil (Persica Vulgaris) from ost region of Georgia (Kacheti). Their relative concentrations are expressed as percentages of the total fatty acids components. The chromatography investigation shaved, that the oil contained 12,98±1,0mg% linoleic, 9,97±0,3 mg% palmitic, 4,82±0,2 mg% linolenic, 3,58±0,1 mg% begenic and 2,16±0,1 mg% arachinic acids. The predominant fatty acids of peach oil were linoleic, palmitic and oleinic acids. The investigation showed different sensitivity of components contained in peach oil.

[The most biological important constances of Rkatsiteli grape oil and its effect as a 5% and 10% food-additive].

In this paper, using high-performance liquid chromatography methods were quantitatively and qualitatively identified most biological important high fatty acids, contained in Rkatsiteli grape seed oil of 2010 years crop in Signakhi region of Georgia. The chromatography investigation showed, that the grape seed oil contained 61% linolic acid, 19% oleic, 8% palmitic, 4.5% stearic, 1.4% linolenic and 0.6% arachidonuic acids. In standard diet grape seed oil was added as a food additive (5.0 gr and 10.0 gr on 1.0 kg food). After 15 days fatty acids are carried out from mouse liver (120 inbred mouse), fractioned and using high-performance liquid chromatography the retention values of individual fatty asids are identiced. The investigation showed different sensitivity of components contained in grape seed oil.

[The fatty acid composition of Rkatsiteli grape seed oil and its effect as a food-additive].

In this paper high fatty acids in the Rkatsiteli grape seed oil were qualitatively and quantitatively identified. In the Rkatsiteli grape seed oil linolenic, oleic, palmitic, stearic, palmitooleinovaya, linoleic and arachidonic acids were identified. The impact of Rkatsiteli grape seed oil as a dietary supplement on the contents of fatty acid synthase and lipids in the livers of mice were determined. Investigations were carried out on 120 inbred mice: for 15 days to a standard diet grape seed oil was added as a food additive. The investigation showed that the optimal use of food additives in the form of oil from Rkatsiteli grape seed plays an important role in maintaining the physiological needs of the human organism.

[The pyretroind pesticides lambda-cigalothrines influence on composition of free aminoacids in tissue of fish in Alazani River].

The aim of the research was to study toxic effect of lambda-cigalothrin, on quantitative contents of free amino acid in muscle, liver and in brain of fishes in r. Alazani. It was found that under the action of lambda-cigalothrin total amount of free amino acid in fish's tissue was increasing, contents of glycine, asparagine and glutamine acids, alanine and cysteine also increased. Increasing of glutamine and asparagines acids content in muscle and liver of fish goes with the dissimilation of other amino acids through the process of their deaminization by glutamate dehydrogenation system. Increasing the alanine content is indicative of reinforcement of transamination processes. Decrease of phenylalanine, valine, glycine and the other amino acids content is explained by reinforcement of amino acids catabolism in condition of pesticide load, as it occurs in condition of fishes' intoxication by phenols.

[The influence of electromagnetic field on active avoidance reaction, biogenic amines and amino acids in brain of rats in spite of backround of food-stuff addition seratonus].

Amino acid preparation "Seratonus" not only regulates the action of stressors, but its intake in usual conditions strengthens an animals attitude toward danger, takes off development of excitement process, that is clearly shown by quantity and ratio of biogenic amines and amino acids. "Serotonus" develops optimal range of metabolism of above-mentioned substances that lead to right solve by animals of given tasks, in particular to improvement of active avoidance conditional reactions, that is clearly indicated by metabolism of amino acids as are phenylalanine and tryptophan, that is synthesizer of thirosine. While the latter takes part in synthesis of dopamine and noradrenalin and tryptophan regulates metabolism of serotonin. Hence these amines participate in improvement of memory processes.

[Aggressive behavior and radiosensitivity in rats'].

This paper aims to present the study of rats' individual radiosensitivity dependence on their individual aggressiveness. On total irradiation in sublethal doses (1.0, 1.5 and 3.5 Gy) and in doses close to LD50/30 (6, 7 and 8 Gy) there was investigated comparative radiosensitivity of non-aggressive and aggressive rats of Wistar line, as well as that of non-aggressive individuals during provoked aggressiveness by means of blocking serotonin synthesis with intraperitoneal (i/p) injection of 400 mg/kg of parachlorphenylalanine (pCPA). Muricidity served as a criterion for aggressiveness and as a criterion of radiosensitivity--cumulative function of survival, the changes of behavior in "Open feald", serotonine and catecholamine content in various brain structures and the dose dependence on the radiation modification of muricidity. It has been found that after 1 Gy total X-irradiation the rats do not lose aggressiveness. Nevertheless the ethalogical parameters change in considerable degree. In the doses of 1.5 and 3.5 Gy muricidity is eluminated in 15-18 and 5-9 days, correspondingly. I/p injection of pCPA after the elimination of aggressiveness provokes transient muricidity in the same terms and duration as it is in case of non-aggressive rats. The elimination of muricidity is associated with changes in content and distribution of biogenic amines in various structures of brain, as well as with reduction of locomotor and reference-research activity, on the one hand and with an increase of emotionality and stereotype activity, on the other hand. After X-irradiation in 6, 7 and 8 Gy the regression coefficients of the dependence of functions type of survival on irradiation dose in aggressive rats is significantly reliable both in comparison with non-aggressive rats and animals with provoked aggressiveness. The change of mortality-rate per unit of changing irradiation dose not depend on blocking of serotonin synthesis, which deficit is one of the distinct determinant of aggressiveness, on the one hand, and higher radiosensitivity, on the other hand. The obtained data allow to suppose that elimination of muricidity after the irradiation of rats in the sublethal doses is conditioned not only by the consequenses of radiation damage of neurobiological structures responsible for the organization of aggressive behavior but the activation of serotonergic system in the process of restitution after radiation trauma. On the other hand, higher radiosensitivity of aggressive rats compared with non-aggressive ones is connected with low serotonin content, thiols and some other biologically active substances which are endogenous radioprotectors determining individual radioresistance.

[Influence of para-chlorophenylanine on rat's aggressive behavior and neurochemical correlates].

Intraperitoneal injection of para-chlorophenylanine (pCPA) (400 mg/rg) causes changes in the quantitative distribution of biogenic amines (BA), in olfactory bulbs, amygdaloid complex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of the rats. Following 18 hours after injection of pCPA content of serotonine (5-HT) in olfactory bulbs drops and noradrenaline (NA) - 5-HT ratio increases. Abrupt decrease of 5-HT in all the studied structures and increase of NA - 5-HT ratio was also observed 36 hours after the pCPA injection. After 54 hours the drug effect decreased and by 72 hours the ratio was balanced. The biochemical changes taking place 36 hours after the intraperitoneal injection of pCPA in olfactory bulbs and hypothalamus probably cause concentration and ratio changes of BA, within the limits of which rats display their aggressive behavior and become "killers".

[Effect of high-frequency EMF on public health and its neuro-chemical investigations].

Influence of stressors, namely antennas of mobile phones, clearly has an effect on public health. Biochemical changes, which were manifested with changes in composition of amino-acids and biogenic amines in blood, have shown that dopamine system has vital role in prolactine secretion. Depression of dopamine is causing increase of prolactine secretion, which leads to hyperprolactinemy, while deaminization of amino-acids is causing disturbance of ammonia utilization. We can not stop fast grow of mobile telephony but public should have access to modern medico-biological investigations for the prevention of medical conditions associated with the influence of high-frequency EMF.