Analysis of the Specificity of Auto-Reactive Antibodies to Individual Fragments of the Extracellular Domain of Desmoglein 3 in Patients with Pemphigus Vulgaris.

A method for the analysis of the epitope specificity of auto-reactive antibodies to desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) using competitive ELISA has been developed. It is based on a two-stage solid-phase ELISA with initial "depletion" of auto-reactive antibodies against the studied epitope and subsequent quantitative assessment of antibodies against full-length extracellular domain Dsg3. The proposed approach for assessing the specificity of the autoimmune response in patients with pemphigus vulgaris can provide in the future the possibility to personalize the therapy using plasmapheresis by preliminary selection of the antigenic composition of the extracorporeal immunosorbent.

The Effect of Janus Kinase Inhibitors and Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors on Skin and Plasma Cytokine Levels in Patients with Psoriasis.

In patients with moderate-to-severe and severe psoriasis and high efficacy of therapy (PASI≥75) with signaling pathway inhibitors (apremilast, tofacitinib), cytokine spectra in the skin and blood plasma were studied using xMAP technology at baseline and on weeks 14 and 26 of treatment. Comparison of cytokine levels in psoriatic lesional skin and plasma samples of patients treated with apremilast or tofacitinib revealed statistical difference only for IFNγ level (р<0.05) at week 26.

Experimental Modeling of Leprosy in BALB/c, BALB/c Nude, CBA, and C57BL/6ТNF-/- Mice.

Leprosy was modeled in an experiment on BALB/c, BALB/cNude, CBA, and C57BL/6ТNF-/- mice using three Mycobacterium leprae strains obtained from patients with a diagnosis of A30 according to ICD-10 from different regions of the Russian Federation. Proliferation of M. leprae of the used strains showed a temporal-quantitative dependence on the used mouse line. CBA and BALB/cNude mice were optimal for strain R and BALB/c and BALB/cNude lines were optimal for strain I. BALB/cNude mice infected with strain I had low lifespan. M. leprae strain M showed low proliferation activity in BALB/cNude and C57BL/6ТNF-/- mice.

[Biochemical atypia in the modern russian strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.] / Ð‘Ð¸Ð¾Ñ Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ атипизм Ð¾Ñ‚ÐµÑ‡ÐµÑÑ‚Ð²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ ÑˆÑ‚Ð°Ð¼Ð¼Ð¾Ð² Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

A total 267 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae obtained in 2016 from 16 regions of the Russian Federation in six federal districts: Southern, Central, Northwestern, Volga, Ural and Siberian were investigated. All microorganisms were identified by biochemical profile on the Vitek 2 Compact analyzer. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-ToF MS) was used as an alternative method of identification. Biochemical typing revealed an atypical indistinctive enzymatic profile of N. gonorrhoeae(loss of D-glucose fermentation abilityand reducing of specific enzymes: ProA, TyrA, APPA in 49.1% of studies (131 strains), resulting in 39 strains (14.6%) were assigned to other types of microorganisms. Additional biochemical typing reduced the percentage of error by almost five times (from 14,6 to 3), but 100% confirmation of N. gonorrhoeae was not received.However, verification by mass spectrometer study showed 100% affiliation of the microorganism to N. gonorrhoeae. Biochemical atypia of N. gonorrhoeae represented by the loss of a number of taxonomically significant characters determines the need for an integrated approach to its identification which includes proteomic (massspectrometry) and/or genomic (PCR) studiesalong with biochemical typing.

The impact of adipogenic diet on rats' tissue trace elements content.

The purpose: The influence of high-fat diet (HFD) on trace elements status, adipokine level, and markers of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in weanling Wistar rats was investigated. Methods: A total of 20 male 1-months-old Wistar rats divided into two equal groups were used in the present study. The first group of animals obtained a standard diet (STD), whereas animals from the second group (NAFLD) were maintained on high-fat diet containing 10 and 31.6% of total calories from fat, respectively, during 1 month. Fat diet (HFD). Trace element status (using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), serum levels of insulin, adiponectin, and leptin (using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glucose (spectrophotometrically), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and B (ApoB) (using immunoturbidimetric method) were assessed. Results: It was shown that 1-month HFD feeding resulted in significant increase of EDAT, RPAT, total adipose tissue mass, and adipocyte area. HFD-fed animals were also characterized by a significant increase in circulating leptin levels and leptin-to-adiponectin ratio as compared to the control ones. No significant HFD-related difference in serum lipid spectrum, adiponectin, apolipoproteins, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR were revealed. Liver Cu, I, Mn, Se, Zn; EDAT Cr, V, Co, Cu, Fe,I, and RPAT Co, Cu, I, Cr, V, Fe, and Zn were significantly decreased in HFD-fed rats in comparison with the control group levels. Hair Co, Mn, Si, and V levels significantly exceeded the respective control values, whereas Se and I content were decreased in studied animals. At the same time, only serum Cu was significantly decreased in HFD-fed rats. Conclusion: The interplay between the impaired trace elements metabolism of HFD-fed weanling Wistar rats and disorder of adipokine balance was demonstrated. It is supposed that the altered trace elements status is primary and precedes other metabolic obesity-related disturbances.

[Zinc homeostasis and indicators of muscle activity in experimental graduated exercise on the background of zinc asparaginate].

The influence of a regular (for 7 and 14 days) 10-minute dosed exercise in isolation and on the background of intragastric administration of 5 and 15 mg/kg of zinc (II) asparaginate on the distribution of this metal in the organs and tissues of experimental animals and the indicators of muscle activity such as the level of lactate, creatinine and creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2.) serum were studied. It has been shown that exercise stress for 14 days causes a more pronounced change in homeostasis Zn, compared with 7 day, it is reflected in increased levels in the kidney, serum, liver, skeletal muscle and fur animals. It has been shown that graduated exercise for 14 days causes a more pronounced change in Zn homeostasis, compared with 7 day that expressed in increased its levels in the kidney, serum, liver, skeletal muscle and fur animals. Introduction zinc (II) asparaginate accompanied by an increase of its content in the liver, kidneys, hair and serum, but not skeletal and cardiac muscle. The combination of physical activity and the introduction of zinc positive effect on homeostasis of Zn, and the terms of muscle activity. The protective effect of zinc asparaginate with graduated exercise in the experiment was concluded.

[Use of perftoran in complex treatment of acute pancreatitis].

Efficiency of using perftoran in acute pancreatitis was determined by studying the dynamics of the level of lactic acid, ascorbic acid, one of the terminal metabolites of lipid peroxidation--TBA-active products in blood serum. Using perftoran was shown to considerably reduce manifestations of hypoxia and the degree of free radical processes that is evidence of antiischemic effect of perftoran in treatment of acute pancreatitis.

[Pharmacological correction of testicular effects of polychlorinated biphenyls in an experiment].

Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls causes a considerable reduction in body weight, accessory genital organs, the serum concentrations of testosterone, the ejaculate concentrations of spermatozoa and their mobility. The revealed shifts may make a considerable contribution to the pathogenesis of male infertility under the action of persistent organic pollutants. The use of oxymethyluracil during the experimental intoxication with Sovolom lowers the reprotoxic effects of biphenyls.

[Effect of persistent pollutants on the rat liver antioxidant status].

The hepatic antioxidant status was studied in the rats poisoned by a Sovol mixture of polychlorobiphenyls in different doses. Exposure to the toxic agent in a dose of 600 mg/kg leads to the accumulation of peroxidation products, the drop of reduced gluthatione, NADPH and the suppressed activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase. The findings suggest that severe oxidant stress develops in liver tissue, which may be one of the leading mechanisms responsible for the toxicity of biphenyls.

[Lipidspectrum dynamics in patients with myocardial infarction undergoing hypoxic therapy in a pressure chamber].

The aim of the study was to evaluate effect of adaptation to periodic hypoxia in pressure chamber (PHPC) on the serum lipid profile in 45 patients with myocardial infarction (MI) in the period of scarring compared with physical exercises (15 patients). Adaptive therapy was shown to cause significant decrease of total cholesterol, LDLP, triglicerides, and atherogenic index. A course of PHPC resulted in a significant 6.6% fall of serum apoA1 (major component of HDLP). Examination of the serum lipid profile in control patients with MI demonstrated a 4% decrease of the ApoA1/ApoB ratio compared with its value in the PHPC group despite positive dynamics of the parameters of cholesterol metabolism being measured. Taken together, these data suggest the lack of positive changes at the level of major pathways of cholesterol metabolism.

[The body's responses to extreme exercise: biochemical aspects]. / Biokhimicheskie aspekty reaktsii organizma na ékstremal'nuiu fizicheskuiu nagruzku.

Experiments on animals and clinical studies in athletes have shown a negative impact of extreme exercises on the physicochemical characteristics of biomembranes. The resultant decrease in the activity of different isoforms of the multienzymatic system of hepatic cytochrome P450 may underlie, firstly, the formation of a vicious circle of increases in the microviscosity of biomembranes and membrane-dependent processes and, secondly, the lowered resistance of athletes to chemical environmental factors, which should be borne in mind during the professional activity of high-class athletes.

[The hepatic xenobiotic biotransformation system in chronic ethanol intoxication]. / Sostoianie sistemy biotransformatsii ksenobiotikov v pecheni pri khronicheskoi intoksikatsii étanolom.

Animal experiments have indicated that chronic ethanol intoxication suppresses the activity of microsomal oxidation of enzymes and limits their induction with phenobarbital.

[Effects of hydrogen sulfide containing gas condensate on the hepatic microsomal monooxygenase system]. / Vozdeistvie serovodorodsoderzhashchego gazokondensata na sistemu mikrosomal'nykh monooksigenaz pecheni.

Chronic action of different xenobiotics which form a part of condensed hydrogen sulphide-containing gas causes substantial changes in the activity of xenobiotic metabolic enzymes, which is suggestive of the damaged hepatic microsomal monooxygenase system. As the rate of biotransformation becomes higher, there are increases in the activity of microsomal monooxygenases and in the generation of active oxygen forms and hydrogen peroxide, by impairing antiradical and antiperoxide mechanisms. The experimentally used concentration of substances as constituents of condensed gas corresponds to the maximum acceptable air concentration of in the working area of gas-refining plants, but the functional features of the body's detoxifying system--the hepatic monooxygenase system should be taken into account while developing preventive measures of occupational diseases.

[The role of the liver macrophage system in decreasing the immune complex level of the blood during adaptation to periodic hypoxia]. / Rol' makrofal'noi sistemy pecheni v snizhenii soderzhaniia immunnykh kompleksov v krovi pri adaptatsii k periodicheskoi gipoksii.

It has been established that adaptation to intermittent hypoxia in altitude chamber considerably increases the capacity of hepatic macrophagal systems (MFS) to uptake Indian ink particles from the blood as well as immunoglobulin labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate. There is simultaneous catabolism of labelled albumin in hepatic MFS. It has been suggested that the increased C3b-component of complement system in blood observed in adaptation to hypoxia plays a substantial role in the activation of hepatic MFS. The role of hepatic MFS activation in reducing the number of circulating immune complexes is emphasized as well as its role in therapeutic effect of adaptation in allergic diseases.

[Comparative evaluation of the protective effect of sodium valproate, phenazepam and ionol in stress-induced liver damage in rats]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka zashchitnogo éffekta val'proata natriia, fenazepama i ionola pri stressovom povrezhdenii pecheni u krys.

Ionol, a synthetic antioxidant, limits the stressor liver injury to a greater extent than sodium, valproate and phenazepam, activators of a GABA-ergic link of the stress-limiting organism systems. This injury is exhibited in the organospecific elevated levels of blood enzymes fructosediphosphate aldolase depression of N-demethylase activity of microsomal monooxygenases and a decrease in the amount of cytochromes P-450 and B5.

[Pathogenetic mechanisms of stress-induced aggravation of experimental influenza and its prevention]. / Patogeneticheskie mekhanizmy stressovogo usugubleniia éksperimental'noi grippoznoi infektsii i ego preduprezhdenie.

It was stated that in stress-induced aggravation of infection realized in transformation of nonlethal patterns of infection into a lethal one there occurred a manifest dysfunction of hypothalamo-hypophyseal-neurosecretory performance (HHNS) featured by a 2-fold decrease in the blood vasopressin and an essential elevation of the hypothalamic one. The phenomenon is being suggestive of a possible blockage in the hormonal discharge into circulation and the limitation of its participation in the development of defensive and compensatory reactions. Identical HHNS dysfunction was noted in the lethal pattern of the infection. The authors formulated the concept of the main pathogenetic points underlying the damage of vegetative regulation centres. Mechanisms of viral and tissue metabolic damage of CNS were revealed. The authors substantiated the advisability and prospective use+ of antioxidants as applied to the prevention of severe course of influenza and its complications in extremely aggravated patterns.

[Determination of liver cholesterol-7 alpha-monooxygenase activity in an in vivo experiment]. / Opredelenie aktivnosti kholesterol-7 al'fa-monooksigenazy pecheni v éksperimente in vivo.

The method of determination of cholesterol-7 alpha-monooxygenase activity in vivo which has a number of advantages over the existing ones is offered. [3H]cholesterin was injected into rats intravenously in the form of albumin-stabilized emulsion. In 2--4 h and then every day 3H2O radioactivity of one of the cholesterin enzymatic hydroxylation products in microsomal liver apparatus was estimated in animals' urine. The dynamics of 3H2O secretion during 7 days and dependence of the urine radioactivity upon the given radionuclide dose are shown.