Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Fluoride-doped Amorphous Calcium Phosphate: A Novel Remineralizing Gel.

Background: There is a need for innovative remineralizing gel formulations based on calcium and phosphates that can slowly release fluoride ions and enhance the formation of fluorapatite crystals that are more resistant to dissolution in an acidic environment. Aim: The aim of the work was to formulate a remineralizing agent that remineralizes enamel through the release of Ca2+, PO4³-, and F- ions for a prolonged period of time. Materials and methods: The gel was based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) as a bioinspired gelling agent and on Fluoride-doped Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (F-ACP) as a remineralizing agent. This gel was tested in vitro on the enamel of extracted premolars after demineralization with methacrylic acid gel. Results: When compared to the control group and demineralized enamel group, the enamel slabs remineralized with CMC/F-ACP showed a higher calcium phosphate ratio in Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and better surface morphology under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Conclusion: Remineralization tests performed on demineralized human permanent teeth proved that CMC/F-ACP gel has excellent efficacy, inducing a complete remineralization of the outermost layers of enamel as well as a full restoration of lost mineral content. How to cite this article: Nimbeni BS, Nimbeni SB, Divakar DD, et al. Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Fluoride-doped Amorphous Calcium Phosphate: A Novel Remineralizing Gel. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(5):734-739.

Role of Chitosan in Remineralization of Enamel and Dentin: A Systematic Review.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research was to analyze the role of chitosan in the remineralization of enamel and dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic search was done for articles published from January 2009 to January 2020. A manual search was done from bibliographies of selected articles for relevant articles that were unexplored. Only in vitro studies conducted on the application of chitosan for remineralization of enamel and dentin were included in the study. RESULTS: Of the 162 articles that were searched, only 15 in vitro studies were selected for the study. These studies met the inclusion criteria and were published from January 2009 to January 2020. CONCLUSION: The review provides insight into the mechanism of remineralization of enamel and dentin. The properties of chitosan make it an ideal biomaterial that can be employed in the formulation of a novel remineralizing gel. However, more in vivo studies, clinical trials, and research are essential to transform chitosan-based remineralizing gels from research to clinical use. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This review article opens a new window of opportunities for remineralizing enamel and dentin which have been long considered a challenging job. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Nimbeni SB, Nimbeni BS, Divakar DD. Role of Chitosan in Remineralization of Enamel and Dentin: A Systematic Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(4):562-568.

Management of an unusual case of iatrogenic parotid sialocele using an infant feeding tube: a novel approach.

Injuries to the parotid duct and parenchyma resulting in swelling in the cheek region commonly present in maxillofacial practice. Sialocele is a discrete collection of saliva in a subcutaneous cavity that can be iatrogenic, idiopathic or the result of post-traumatic injuries to the duct or parenchyma, presenting as a salivary pseudocyst or retention cyst. We present an unusual case of parotid sialocele following surgery for sialolithiasis which presented with progressive painless swelling in the preauricular region of 9 months duration. Treatment included surgical exploration under local anaesthesia and draining the cavity by keeping the opening patent using an infant feeding tube.

Bilateral eruption cysts associated with primary molars in both the jaws.

Disturbances of tooth development may result in anomalies which appear in the form of swelling of the overlying mucosa of the erupting deciduous or permanent teeth, mostly in children. Eruption cyst (EC), a benign cyst is one such lesion associated with erupting teeth. ECs usually present as solitary swellings on the alveolar ridge mucosa, whereas multiple ECs presenting simultaneously or in short intervals are unusual. Here, we present a rare case of four large bilateral ECs presenting with swellings and pain in the posterior region of each quadrant in the mouth. The treatment included surgical excision under general anaesthesia and exposure of the unerupted primary teeth.