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Introduction: Adrenal lymphangioma is a rare benign tumor of lymphatic origin, usually incidentally detected from various imaging studies taken for an unrelated purpose. We present a case of a right adrenal lymphangioma treated successfully with surgical intervention. Case presentation: A 36-year-old previously healthy woman was referred to our urology department for a right adrenal mass, discovered during a routine health checkup. The tumor had no endocrinological activity, and the patient opted for surgical resection following a concern for malignancy. A laparoscopic right partial adrenalectomy was performed, and on histological examination, the tumor was diagnosed as right adrenal lymphangioma. Conclusion: Adrenal lymphangiomas lack disease specific radiological characteristics that allow for a definitive diagnosis from imaging alone. To rule out tumors of potentially malignant nature, surgical intervention should be considered.
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Introduction: Prostatic metastasis from testicular cancer is extremely rare, with only 10 reported cases, all of which were diagnosed as relapse. Herein, we report the case of a patient with concurrent testicular cancer and prostatic metastasis. Case presentation: A 57-year-old man presented at our emergency department with urinary retention. A painless mass was found in the right scrotum, and computed tomography showed lung, mediastinal, and liver metastases, and an enlarged prostate. Tumor markers were measured in 2057 U/L lactate dehydrogenase, 2460 mIU/mL human chorionic gonadotrophin, 1303 ng/mL alpha-fetoprotein, and 1.51 ng/mL prostate specific antigen. An orchiectomy and biopsy were performed; the pathological results showed immature teratomas, embryonal carcinomas, choriocarcinomas, and seminomas in the testis, and embryonal carcinomas in the prostate, liver, and mediastinum. The patient refused chemotherapy and died 3 months following diagnosis. Conclusion: Prostatic metastasis should be considered in cases of dysuria or prostate enlargement in testicular cancers.
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Introduction: The effectiveness of nivolumab plus ipilimumab for metastatic renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus remains unclear. Case presentation: A 75-year-old male was diagnosed with metastatic renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus and treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab. The renal mass and thrombus regressed and all pulmonary nodules except for one lesion diminished. To avoid thrombotic complications, radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy were performed. No viable malignant cells were revealed histopathologically. Although nivolumab was continued after the surgical interventions, the remaining lesion did not change. Considering the discontinuation of nivolumab, metastasectomy was performed, and no viable malignant cells were revealed histopathologically. There has been no recurrence after the discontinuation. Conclusion: Nivolumab plus ipilimumab could have effectiveness for metastatic renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus.
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This case is a 62-year-old man diagnosed with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. He was referred to our department due to the left renal mass pointed with ultra sound examination. Radiographical examination showed left-side 42 mm renal tumor with multiple lung tumors, suggesting renal cell carcinoma, cT1bN0M1 (pul). As an induction therapy, we selected Pembrolizumab plus Axitinib combination therapy. After 4 course of the therapy, the left kidney tumor shrank to 27 mm, and the lung metastasis disappeared with computed tomography imaging. For the next step, we performed laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. The pathological diagnosis was clear cell carcinoma, grade 2 with central necrosis. Since then, complete remission has been maintained without any treatment for 21 months.
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Two patients with late recurrence of renal cell carcinoma were observed long term without treatment. Case 1 is an 83-year-old woman who underwent right nephrectomy at 57 years of age following a renal tumor diagnosis. Histopathological results revealed clear cell renal cell carcinoma, G2, pT1aN0M0. Pancreatic metastasis developed at age 71, and pancreatic tail excision was performed. A metastatic lesion appeared again at the head of the pancreas at age 74. The patient has been followed by observation only for 9 years without any new lesions. Tumor doubling time calculated from abdominal ultrasonography was 13.3 months.Case 2 is a 91-year-old male. At 78 years of age, right nephrectomy and inferior vena cava tumor embolectomy were performed for renal tumor. Histopathological results revealed clear cell renal cell carcinoma, G2, pT3bN0M0. Left adrenal metastasis appeared at age 84, and the patient has been followed for 7 years without new lesions. Tumor doubling time calculated from abdominal computed tomography (CT) images was 14.1 months.In both patients, no symptoms due to tumor recurrence ever appeared, and their activities of daily living (ADL) were maintained fairly well. In the case of solitary late recurrence in elderly renal cancer patients, observation may be a treatment option that avoids adverse effects and complications caused by treatment. In addition, it appears possible to predict the need for subsequent treatment by calculating the doubling time using several sequential CT images obtained after recurrence. If a new recurrent metastatic lesion appears or if the doubling time during a 2-to 3-year follow-up period is relatively short, however, new treatment should be considered without delay.
