Biochemical Methods to Analyze the Subcellular Localization of NF-κB Proteins Using Cell Fractionation.

Cell fractionation is a method used to study different cellular events like protein translocation and sequestration by disrupting cells and fractionating their contents, thus allowing an enrichment of the protein of interest. Using different concentrations of sucrose or detergent buffer formulations in combination with centrifugations, the cell fractions are separated based on their density and size.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Expression, Phosphorylation, and Nuclear Translocation of NF-κB Proteins in Human Tissues.

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a technique aimed at detecting specific antigens on tissue sections by the use of targeting reagents labeled with reporter molecules. This technique allows a snapshot of the structure of tissue and determines the cellular and subcellular localization of a target antigen. This chapter describes how to identify and localize NF-κB proteins in human tissue using immunohistochemical staining on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and frozen tissue.

Methods for Modulating the Pathway of NF-κB Using Short Hairpin RNA (ShRNA).

Target gene silencing is a strategy that can be used to turn off pathways or genes which are difficult to turn off pharmacologically, both because of lack of targeting drugs, or because of the risk of wider off-target effects. Here we describe the design and use of short hairpin RNA (ShRNA) and lentiviral vectors as an efficient technique for silencing NF-kappaB (NF-κB) pathway in cultured cells. This method can be used also in hard to transfect primary cell cultures.