The effects of heating on the physicochemical properties of tricalcium silicate root canal sealers.

This study evaluated the effect of heating on the physicochemical properties and surface changes of tricalcium silicate sealers. Three tricalcium silicate root canal sealers (Bio-C Sealer, BioRoot-RCS, EndoSequence BC Sealer), and one epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus; control) were tested. The effect of heating on setting time (ST) and flowability were assessed according to ANSI/ADA 57 and ISO 6876 standards. Solubility and dimensional change (DC) of the set sealers were evaluated at 24 hours and after 30 days; the pH of the water used in the DC testing was also measured. Tests were repeated with heated sealers in an oven at 100 °C for 1 min. SEM and EDS analysis were performed. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests (α=5%). Heating decreased the ST for AH Plus and EndoSequence (p<0.05). Heating reduced flowability (p<0.05) and increased pH for AH Plus (p<0.05). The solubility of Bio-C (dried specimens) was not in accordance with the ANSI/ADA standard. The solubility of EndoSequence was significantly higher (p<0.05) when it was heated and dried after 30 days. DC of Bio-C (24 h and 30 days), BioRoot-RCS (30 days) and AH Plus (24 h and 30 days) were not in accordance with the standards. SEM and EDS analysis showed significant changes in sealer microstructure after heating. In conclusion, heating decreased the ST and increased the solubility of EndoSequence BC sealer. No significant changes in flowability, DC, and pH were identified for all three tricalcium silicate sealers after heat application. However, all sealers had significant surface changes.

The effects of heating on the physicochemical properties of tricalcium silicate root canal sealers

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of heating on the physicochemical properties and surface changes of tricalcium silicate sealers. Three tricalcium silicate root canal sealers (Bio-C Sealer, BioRoot-RCS, EndoSequence BC Sealer), and one epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus; control) were tested. The effect of heating on setting time (ST) and flowability were assessed according to ANSI/ADA 57 and ISO 6876 standards. Solubility and dimensional change (DC) of the set sealers were evaluated at 24 hours and after 30 days; the pH of the water used in the DC testing was also measured. Tests were repeated with heated sealers in an oven at 100 °C for 1 min. SEM and EDS analysis were performed. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests (α=5%). Heating decreased the ST for AH Plus and EndoSequence (p<0.05). Heating reduced flowability (p<0.05) and increased pH for AH Plus (p<0.05). The solubility of Bio-C (dried specimens) was not in accordance with the ANSI/ADA standard. The solubility of EndoSequence was significantly higher (p<0.05) when it was heated and dried after 30 days. DC of Bio-C (24 h and 30 days), BioRoot-RCS (30 days) and AH Plus (24 h and 30 days) were not in accordance with the standards. SEM and EDS analysis showed significant changes in sealer microstructure after heating. In conclusion, heating decreased the ST and increased the solubility of EndoSequence BC sealer. No significant changes in flowability, DC, and pH were identified for all three tricalcium silicate sealers after heat application. However, all sealers had significant surface changes.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o efeito do aquecimento nas propriedades físico-químicas e nas alterações superficiais de cimentos de silicato tricálcico. Três cimentos endodônticos de silicato tricálcico (Bio-C Sealer, BioRoot-RCS, EndoSequence BC Sealer) e um cimento à base de resina epóxi (AH Plus) foram testados para avaliar o efeito do aquecimento no tempo de presa (TP) e escoamento de acordo com as normas ANSI/ADA 57 e ISO 6876. A solubilidade e alteração dimensional (AD) dos cimentos foram avaliadas após 24 horas e 30 dias. O pH da água usada no teste de AD também foi medido. Os testes foram repetidos com cimentos aquecidos em um forno a 100 °C por 1 min. Análises em MEV e EDS foram realizadas. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes de ANOVA-1 via e post hoc de Tukey (α=5%). O aquecimento diminuiu o TP para AH Plus e EndoSequence (p<0,05). O aquecimento reduziu o escoamento (p<0,05) e aumentou o pH do AH Plus (p<0,05). A solubilidade do Bio-C (amostras desidratadas) não estava de acordo com o padrão ANSI/ADA. A solubilidade da EndoSequence foi significativamente maior (p<0,05) quando aquecida e desidratada após 30 dias. As AD de Bio-C (24 h e 30 dias), BioRoot-RCS (30 dias) e AH Plus (24 h e 30 dias) não estavam de acordo com as normas ADA e ISO. A análise em MEV e EDS mostrou alterações significativas na estrutura dos cimentos após aquecimento. Em conclusão, o aquecimento diminuiu o TP e aumentou a solubilidade do cimento EndoSequence BC. Não foram identificadas mudanças significativas no escoamento, AD e pH para os cimentos de silicato tricálcico após aquecimento. Porém, todos os cimentos tiveram alterações significativas na superfície.

Dental pain, socioeconomic status, and dental caries in young male adults from southern Brazil

Nesse estudo, objetivou-se estimar a prevalência de dor de dente e testar sua associação com cárie dentária e condições sócio-econômicas em jovens de 18 anos do sexo masculino de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Realizou-se estudo transversal em uma amostra aleatória (n = 414) de alistandos do Exército Brasileiro no ano de 2003. Dor de dente, relatada até 12 meses prévios à pesquisa, foi o desfecho investigado. Coletaram-se dados sócio-econômicos por meio de questionário. Cárie dentária foi aferida utilizando-se o índice CPOD. Utilizou-se análise de regressão logística múltipla não condicional, segundo um modelo hierárquico de determinação. A taxa de resposta foi de 95,6 por cento. Alta reprodutibilidade diagnóstica foi atingida (kappa > 0,83). A prevalência de dor de dente foi de 21,2 por cento (IC95 por cento: 17,3-25,1). Após o ajuste entre as variáveis, identificou-se que jovens com um ou mais dentes cariados não tratados apresentaram uma chance 3,2 vezes maior (IC95 por cento: 1,7-5,8) de relatar dor de dente em relação aos livres de cárie não tratada. Jovens de famílias com baixa renda apresentaram chance 1,8 vez maior (IC95 por cento: 1,0-3,3) de acusarem dor em relação aos de maior renda.

Dental pain, socioeconomic status, and dental caries in young male adults from southern Brazil.

The aim of this study was to assess dental pain prevalence and its association with dental caries and socioeconomic status in 18-year-old males from Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a random sample (n = 414) selected from the Brazilian Army conscription list in 2003. Dental pain during the 12 months prior to the interview was recorded as the outcome. Socioeconomic data were obtained through a questionnaire. Dental caries experience was registered according to the DMFT Index. Analyses included simple and multiple non-conditional logistic regression following a hierarchical approach. Response rate was 95.6%. High rates of inter-examiner agreement were achieved (kappa > 0.83). Dental pain prevalence was 21.2% (95%CI: 17.3-25.1). After adjustment, individuals with one or more untreated caries were 3.2 times more likely (95%CI: 1.7-5.8) to have dental pain compared to caries-free subjects. Conscripts with low family income were 1.8 times more likely (95%CI: 1.0-3.3) to have dental pain than those with higher income.

Dental pain prevalence and association with dental caries and socioeconomic status in schoolchildren, Southern Brazil, 2002.

The objective of this study was to assess the relation between dental pain, dental caries and socioeconomic status among 12- and 13-year-old schoolchildren enrolled in a public school in Florianópolis, SC, Brazil in 2002. This study was a cross-sectional study involving 181 schoolchildren. Dental pain experience was the dependend variable analyzed. Socioeconomic data of the children's families were obtained through a questionnaire. Dental caries experience was registered according to the DMFT index (WHO, 1997). The field workteam consisted of an examiner and a recorder. The statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test and the non-conditional multiple logistic regression. The response rate was 93.4%. The intraexaminer agreement measured on a tooth by tooth basis was high (kappa > 0.73). Dental pain prevalence was 33.7% (CI95% 26.0-42.0). The multiple regression analysis, adjusted by sex and other variables, showed that children with DMFT > 1 presented 2.9 (OR CI95% 1.4-6.1, p < 0.01) more chances of having dental pain when compared with those with DMFT < or = 1. Children whose mother's schooling level was equal or less than 4 years presented 2.5 (OR CI95% 1.2-5.6, p = 0.02) more chances of having dental pain when compared with others whose mothers had more than 5 years of schooling and, finally, children whose family income was up to U$ 67.00 showed 3.2 (OR CI95% 1.2-8.4, p = 0.02) more chances of having dental pain when compared with the ones whose families had higher income. High levels of caries attack, low mother schooling level and low family income were associated to dental pain.

Dental pain prevalence and association with dental caries and socioeconomic status in schoolchildren, Southern Brazil, 2002

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as relações entre dor de dente, cárie dentária e condições socio-econômicas em escolares de 12 e 13 anos de idade de uma escola estadual de Florianópolis, SC, Brasil em 2002. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal que envolveu 181 escolares. Episódio de dor de dente foi a variável dependente investigada. Através de um questionário, foram obtidas informações socioeconômicas das famílias. Cárie dentária foi aferida através do índice CPOD. A equipe consistiu de um examinador e um anotador. A análise estatística compreendeu o teste qui-quadrado e a análise de regressão logística múltipla não condicional. A taxa de resposta foi de 93,4%. A concordância intra-examinador para diagnóstico de cárie dentária, medida dente a dente, foi alta (kappa > 0,73). A prevalência de dor de dente foi de 33,7% (IC95% 26,0-42,0). A análise de regressão revelou, após o ajuste pelo sexo e demais variáveis, que crianças com índice CPOD > 1 apresentaram uma chance 2,9 (OR IC95% 1,4-6,1, p < 0,01) maior de ter dor de dente em relação àquelas com índice CPOD < 1. Crianças cujas mães tinham até 4 anos de estudo relataram 2,5 (OR IC95% 1,2-5,6, p = 0,02) mais a chance de dor de dente comparadas às demais que tinham mais de 5 anos de estudo e, finalmente, àquelas de famílias com renda menor que R$ 200,00 mensais apresentaram 3,2 (OR IC95% 1,2-8,4, p = 0,02) vezes mais a chance de apresentarem dor em relação às com renda maior. Alto ataque de cárie dentária, baixa escolaridade materna e baixa renda familiar estiveram associados, independentemente, à dor de dente na população estudada.

[Trends in dental caries rates in schoolchildren 12 and 13 years old in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 1971-2002, in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil]. / Tendência de cárie dentária em escolares de 12 e 13 anos de idade de uma mesma escola no período de 1971 a 2002, em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil.

The goal of this study was to identify dental caries prevalence and severity among all 12 and 13-year-old schoolchildren enrolled in a public school in 2002 and to establish comparisons with the results of studies conducted previously in the same school in 1971 and 1997. A cross-sectional study involving 181 children was performed. Clinical data were collected by one examiner under World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The examiner had been through calibration training. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University in Santa Catarina. The response rate was 93.8%. Intra-examiner agreement, on a tooth-by-tooth basis, was high (Kappa> or =0.73). The prevalence rates for dental caries were 98%, 93.7% or 80.0%, and 57.4% in 1971, 1997, and 2002, respectively. The mean DMF-T index was 9.2 in 1971, 6.2 or 3.0 in 1997, and 1.4 in 2002, taking both ages as a whole. The first value from 1997 was recorded under the Klein & Palmer diagnostic criterion and the second according to the WHO criterion. Between 1971 and 2002 there was a real reduction in caries prevalence and severity among the schoolchildren, even though different diagnostic criteria were used.

Tendência de cárie dentária em escolares de 12 e 13 anos de idade de uma mesma escola no período de 1971 a 2002, em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil / Trends in dental caries rates in schoolchildren 12 and 13 years old in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, 1971-2002

Estimar a prevalência e gravidade de cárie dentária em escolares de 12 e 13 anos de uma escola estadual de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil em 2002 e fazer comparações com os resultados de estudos anteriores, realizados em 1971 e 1997, no mesmo estabelecimento de ensino. Trata-se de um estudo transversal que envolveu 181 escolares. Os dados clínicos foram coletados segundo critérios propostos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) . O examinador passou por exercício prévio de calibração. A taxa de resposta foi de 93,8 por cento. A concordância intra-examinador, medida dente a dente, foi alta (Kappa > 0,73). As prevalências de cárie registradas foram de 98 por cento, 93,7 por cento ou 80,0 por cento e 57,4 por cento em 1971, 1997 e 2002, respectivamente. O índice CPO-D médio variou de 9,2 em 1971, 6,2 ou 3,0 em 1997, para 1,4 em 2002, tomando-se ambas as idades em conjunto. O primeiro valor de 1997 segue o critério de Klein & Palmer ² e o segundo, o critério da OMS . Entre 1971 e 2002, foi constatada redução real na prevalência e gravidade de cárie na população observada, apesar dos diferentes critérios utilizados para medi-las.