RESUMEN
The complete features of the neurological complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) still need to be elucidated, including associated cranial nerve involvement. In the present study we describe cranial nerve lesions seen in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of six cases of confirmed COVID-19, involving the olfactory bulb, optic nerve, abducens nerve, and facial nerve. Cranial nerve involvement was associated with COVID-19, but whether by direct viral invasion or autoimmunity needs to be clarified. The development of neurological symptoms after initial respiratory symptoms and the absence of the virus in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) suggest the possibility of autoimmunity.
Asunto(s)
Nervio Abducens/diagnóstico por imagen , COVID-19/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de los Nervios Craneales/diagnóstico por imagen , Nervio Facial/diagnóstico por imagen , Bulbo Olfatorio/diagnóstico por imagen , Nervio Óptico/diagnóstico por imagen , Nervio Abducens/inmunología , Nervio Abducens/patología , Nervio Abducens/virología , Adulto , Anciano , Autoinmunidad , COVID-19/inmunología , COVID-19/patología , COVID-19/virología , Enfermedades de los Nervios Craneales/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Nervios Craneales/patología , Enfermedades de los Nervios Craneales/virología , Nervio Facial/inmunología , Nervio Facial/patología , Nervio Facial/virología , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Neuroimagen , Bulbo Olfatorio/inmunología , Bulbo Olfatorio/patología , Bulbo Olfatorio/virología , Nervio Óptico/inmunología , Nervio Óptico/patología , Nervio Óptico/virología , SARS-CoV-2/patogenicidadRESUMEN
The infection caused by the new coronavirus had its first case described in December 2019, in Wuhan, China, and reached a pandemic status in March 2020. Since then, knowledge about the different aspects of this infection has evolved, as well as increased reports concerning related neurological manifestations. Thus, the neurologist assumes a fundamental role in the care of these patients, who may have a clinical phenotype that goes beyond respiratory aspects. In the present study, we highlight the data available in the literature so far regarding the main neurological implications related to COVID-19 infection, in addition to calling attention for some aspects related to patients with previous neurological diseases who contract this infection.
A infecção causada pelo novo Coronavírus teve seu primeiro caso descrito em dezembro de 2019, em Wuhan, China e alcançou o status de pandemia em março de 2020. Desde então, o conhecimento sobre os diferentes aspectos da referida infecção evolui assim como aumentam relatos de manifestações neurológicas relacionadas. Assim, o neurologista assume papel fundamental na assistência desses pacientes, que podem ter um fenótipo clínico que ultrapassa os aspectos respiratórios. No presente estudo, destacamos os dados disponíveis na literatura até o presente momento no tocante às principais implicações neurológicas relacionadas à infecção pelo COVID-19, além de destacar alguns aspectos relativos aos pacientes com doenças neurológicas prévias que contraem a referida infecção.
