Room temperature mid-infrared fiber lasing beyond 5 µm in chalcogenide glass small-core step index fiber.

This Letter, to the best of our knowledge, reports mid-infrared fiber lasing beyond 5 µm at room temperature for the first time, Ce3+-doped, chalcogenide glass, step index fiber employed in-band pumping with a 4.15 µm quantum cascade laser. The lasing fiber is was 64 mm long, with a calculated numerical aperture of 0.48 at the lasing wavelengths. The core glass was Ge15As21Ga1Se63 atomic % (at. %), doped with 500 parts-per-million-by-weight Ce, with a 9 µm core diameter. The cladding glass was Ge21Sb10Se69 at. % with a 190 µm outer diameter. As pump power increases continuous wave lasing corresponding to the 2F7/2→2F5/2, transition in the Ce3+ ion occurs at 5.14 µm, 5.17 µm, and 5.28 µm.

[Embryonic quality in the use of urofolitropin vs recombinant FSH for in vitro fertilization]. / Calidad embrionaria en la utilización de urofolitropina vs FSH recombinante para fertilización in vitro.

There were no differences in both groups as tho the age of the patients; received doses of both types of FSH, nor HMG; but there was as to the amount of captured ovocytes, amount, and quality, embrionary, in special 1+ 2+ in favor of the group that received urofolitropine, specially under 35 years of age. In this study there was better qualy and amount, embrionary, obtained with the use of urofolitropine, as compared with FSH recombinant for in vitro fertilization.

Recent advances in protein kinase inhibition: current molecular scaffolds used for inhibitor synthesis.

Early efforts to discover and develop protein kinase inhibitors have focused largely on a small group of oncology targets such as the EGFR and PKC enzymes. More recently, hundreds of protein kinases have been identified at the genetic level, many of which are now being assigned functions in a variety of signaling pathways. Additionally, mutagenesis and X-ray crystallographic studies have further defined common structural features associated with binding of the ATP cofactor within a conserved ATP binding cleft. These studies have also demonstrated significant differences in the ATP binding cleft between individual kinases, providing a molecular basis for understanding and exploiting inhibitor specificity. The current review will focus on recent developments in the field of ATP site-directed inhibitors with particular emphasis on the major scaffolds being derivatized to take advantage of variable regions of the active site.