RESUMEN
The Ussing chamber is a tool for analyzing drug absorption. We investigated whether the Ussing chamber can be used to analyze the process from digestion to absorption of protein in the gastrointestinal tract. Mixtures containing infant formula, whole cow's milk, processed soy milk, enteral nutrition, or human breast milk, were placed in the apical membrane side equipped with Caco-2 cells. After the addition of first pepsin then pancreatin, samples from the apical and basal membranes were collected. Infant formula showed the highest digestibility and absorption rate. This may be attributed to the presence of whey protein, which is rapidly digested and absorbed. The digestion and absorption of human breast milk showed different results in each donor, suggesting that digestion and absorption may vary among individuals. We concluded that the Ussing chamber can continuously analyze the process from digestion to absorption of proteins in the gastrointestinal tract.
Asunto(s)
Digestión , Tracto Gastrointestinal , Fórmulas Infantiles , Absorción Intestinal , Proteínas de la Leche , Leche Humana , Leche , Proteína de Suero de Leche , Digestión/fisiología , Humanos , Células CACO-2 , Tracto Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Leche Humana/química , Leche Humana/metabolismo , Fórmulas Infantiles/química , Animales , Proteínas de la Leche/metabolismo , Leche/química , Proteínas en la Dieta/metabolismo , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacocinética , Nutrición Enteral/métodos , Leche de Soja/química , Lactante , Pepsina A/metabolismoRESUMEN
The study was conducted to investigate the impact of an Interpreter Service on intensity of Emergency Department (ED) services, utilization, and charges. This study describes the effects of language barriers on health care service delivery for the index ED visit and a subsequent 90-day period. In all 26,573 ED records from July to November, 1999, resulted in a data set of 500 patients with similar demographic characteristics, chief complaint, acuity, and admission rate. Noninterpreted patients (NIPs) who did not speak English had the shortest ED stay (LOS) and the fewest tests, IVs and medications; English-speaking patients had the most ED services, LOS, and charges. Subsequent clinic utilization was lowest for NIPs. Among discharged patients, return ED visit and ED visit charges were lowest for interpreted patients (IPs). Use of trained interpreters was associated with increased intensity of ED services, reduced ED return rate, increased clinic utilization, and lower 30-day charges, without any simultaneous increase in LOS or cost of visit.
