Exploring the antiviral activities of the FDA-approved drug sulfadoxine and its derivatives against Chikungunya virus.

BACKGROUND: Currently, there is no antiviral licensed to treat chikungunya fever, a disease caused by the infection with Alphavirus chikungunya (CHIKV). Treatment is based on analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve symptoms. Our study aimed to evaluate the antiviral activity of sulfadoxine (SFX), an FDA-approved drug, and its derivatives complexed with silver(I) (AgSFX), salicylaldehyde Schiff base (SFX-SL), and with both Ag and SL (AgSFX-SL) against CHIKV. METHODS: The anti-CHIKV activity of SFX and its derivatives was investigated using BHK-21 cells infected with CHIKV-nanoluc, a marker virus-carrying nanoluciferase reporter. Dose-response and time of drug-addition assays were performed in order to assess the antiviral effects of the compounds, as well as in silico data and ATR-FTIR analysis for insights on their mechanisms of action. RESULTS: The SFX inhibited 34% of CHIKV replication, while AgSFX, SFX-SL, and AgSFX-SL enhanced anti-CHIKV activity to 84%, 89%, and 95%, respectively. AgSFX, SFX-SL, and AgSFX-SL significantly decreased viral entry and post-entry to host cells, and the latter also protected cells against infection. Additionally, molecular docking calculations and ATR-FTIR analysis demonstrated interactions of SFX-SL, AgSFX, and AgSFX-SL with CHIKV. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our findings suggest that the addition of metal ions and/or Schiff base to SFX improved its antiviral activity against CHIKV.

Degradation of Dyes Catalyzed by Aminophenyl-Substituted Mn-Porphyrin Immobilized on Chloropropyl Silica Gel and Evaluation of Phytotoxicity.

A heterogenized Mn(III) porphyrin-based catalyst was prepared for dye degradation. The new Mn(III) complex of 5,15-bis(4-aminophenyl)-10,20-diphenylporphyrin was immobilized, via covalent bond, in chloropropyl silica gel, generating the material (Sil-Cl@MnP) with a loading of 23 µmol manganese porphyrin (MnP) per gram of Sil-Cl. This material was used as a catalyst in degradation reactions of model dyes, a cationic dye [methylene blue (MB)] and an anionic dye (reactive red 120, RR120), using PhI(OAc)2 and H2O2 as oxidants. The oxidation reactions were carried out after the dye reached adsorption/desorption equilibrium with the catalytic material, with a much higher percentage of adsorption being observed for the cationic MB dye (20%) than for the anionic RR120 dye (3%), which may be associated with electrostatic attraction or repulsion effects, respectively, with the negatively charged surface of the silica (zeta potential measurement for Sil-Cl@MnP, ζ = -19.2 mV). In general, there was a higher degradation percentage for MB than for RR120, probably because the size and charge of RR120 would hinder its approach to the MnP active species on the silica surface. With respect to the oxidant, the PhI(OAc)2-based systems showed a higher degradation percentage than those of H2O2. It was observed that the increase in the oxidant concentration promoted a significant increase in the degradation of MB, with a degradation of approximately 65%. The efficiency of the catalyst was also evaluated after successive additions of the oxidant every 2 h, and it can be seen that the catalyst had no loss of efficiency, with a degradation percentage greater than 80% being observed after 8 h of reaction. The phytotoxicity of the products formed in the system was evaluated in a 1:23.5:188 molar ratio Sil-Cl@MnP: MB:PhI(OAc)2 was used. In these studies, phytotoxicity was found for the germination of lettuce seeds when the original solution was used without dilution; however, when diluted (10% V/V), the results were close to the positive and negative controls. Thus, the material obtained proved to be a potential candidate for application in the degradation reactions of environmental pollutants.

In Silico characterization of satellitomes and cross-amplification of putative satDNAs in two species of the Hypostomus ancistroides complex (Siluriformes, Loricariidae).

Introduction The mapping of the satellite DNA on chromosomes is vital to understanding the distribution and evolution of repetitions in the genome since these chromosomal studies have shown the origin, evolutionary mode, and function of repetitive sequences. This study aimed to prospect the satellitome and determine its location in the genome of two cryptic species of Hypostomus, H. aff. ancistroides and H. ancistroides, with and without XX/XY sexual chromosome system. Methods Mitotic chromosomes and DNA extraction were obtained according to protocols. After the whole genome sequencing, the satDNAs were retrieved, amplified, and hybridized in chromosome preparations for male and female individuals. Results We found 30 satellite families (47 variants, two superfamilies) in H. ancistroides and 38 satellite families (45 variants, four superfamilies) in H. aff. ancistroides. The sequences varied from 14bp to 2662bp in H. ancistroides and from 14bp to 2918bp in H. aff. ancistroides. We did not observe any tandem repeats that were exclusive to each of the libraries, however, many sequences showed very different abundances and copy numbers between the libraries. Four satDNAs did not hybridize on the chromosomes of either species. Conversely, one satDNA hybridized in both species, HxySat1-80. However, the phenotypes found varied among species, populations, and in the same individual. There was no sign of HanSat3-464 and HanSat11-335 in any individuals of H. aff. ancistroides, but markings were in chromosomes of H. ancistroides. HxySat12-1127 and HxySat8-52, on the other hand, were only hybridized in H. aff. ancistroides, while H. ancistroides had a negative sign. No hybridization of satDNAs was found in the X and Y sex chromosomes, as they were mostly composed of euchromatin. Conclusion We distinguish H. aff. ancistroides as genetically different from H. ancistroides, recognizing that such characteristics go far beyond morphological, karyotypic, and molecular data. Our data support the differential abundance and location of satellite DNAs and confirm that many organisms, including fish, have repetitive sequences that validate the library hypothesis. All found and validated satDNAs and the characterization of the satelitomes of the two species represent important contributions to cytogenomic studies of the genus Hypostomus.

Big jaw, small genome: first description of the mitochondrial genome of Odontomachus (Formicidae, Ponerinae): evolutionary implications for Ponerinae ants.

Mitochondrial DNA is a valuable tool for population genetics and evolutionary studies in a wide range of organisms. With advancements in sequencing techniques, it's now possible to gain deeper insights into this molecule. By understanding how many genes there are, how they're organized within the molecule, identifying the presence of spacers, and analyzing the composition of the D-Loop, we can better grasp the rearrangements that play a crucial role in the evolutionary dynamics of mitochondrial DNA. Additionally, phylogenetic analyses benefit significantly from having access to a larger pool of mtDNA genes. This wealth of genetic information allows for the establishment of evolutionary relationships with greater accuracy than ever before, providing a more robust framework than analyses based on a limited number of genes. Studies on mitogenomes belonging to the family Formicidae have proven promising, enabling the identification of gene rearrangements and enhancing our understanding of the internal relationships within the group. Despite this, the number of mitogenomes available for the subfamily Ponerinae is still limited, and here we present for the first time the complete mitogenome of Odontomachus. Our data reveal a gene duplication event in Formicidae, the first involving trnV, and new gene arrangements involving the trnM-trnI-trnQ and trnW-trnC-trnY clusters, suggesting a possible synapomorphy for the genus. Our phylogenetic analysis using the PCGs available for Formicidae supports the monophyly of the subfamily Ponerinae and sheds light on the relationship between Odontomachus and Pachycondyla.

Actívatexto: Feasibility and Acceptability of a Mobile Intervention That Promotes Smoking Cessation and Physical Activity among Latinos.

The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a mobile intervention that promotes smoking cessation and physical activity among Latinos living in the United States. Twenty Latino adults who smoked and did not meet recommended levels of physical activity were recruited using community-based recruitment strategies. Participants received Actívatexto, a theory-based, culturally accommodated, 12-week text messaging intervention (available in English and Spanish) that promotes smoking cessation and physical activity. Actívatexto integrates four components: (i) a text messaging program, (ii) a wearable device, (iii) an online dashboard where the research team manages participants' incoming and outgoing data from both the text messaging program and wearable device, and (iv) nicotine replacement therapies (NRT). We assessed self-reported 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence at month 3, weekly minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), pharmacotherapy adherence, and satisfaction. At baseline, participants' mean age was 47.3 years old (SD 16.0), 55% of participants were female, and 60% indicated that Spanish was their language of preference. Seventy-five percent of participants smoked 1-10 cigarettes daily and 35% smoked their first cigarette within 5 minutes after waking up. At month 3, 14 participants (70%) self-reported 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence (90% follow-up rate). Fitbit-assessed mean minutes of MVPA per week increased from 113 (SD 127; range: 0-399) at week 1 to 177 (SD 163; range: 0-513) at month 3 (P = 0.15). Sixteen participants (88.9%, 16/18) reported NRT use in the past 90 days. Most participants reported being extremely satisfied or satisfied with the intervention (88.9%, 16/18). SIGNIFICANCE: Actívatexto resulted in a noteworthy cessation rate at month 3 (70%), increased mean weekly minutes of MVPA, produced high use of NRT, and was well received by participants. Additional testing in a randomized clinical trial is warranted to assess the efficacy of the intervention.

Five million years of Antarctic Circumpolar Current strength variability.

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) represents the world's largest ocean-current system and affects global ocean circulation, climate and Antarctic ice-sheet stability1-3. Today, ACC dynamics are controlled by atmospheric forcing, oceanic density gradients and eddy activity4. Whereas palaeoceanographic reconstructions exhibit regional heterogeneity in ACC position and strength over Pleistocene glacial-interglacial cycles5-8, the long-term evolution of the ACC is poorly known. Here we document changes in ACC strength from sediment cores in the Pacific Southern Ocean. We find no linear long-term trend in ACC flow since 5.3 million years ago (Ma), in contrast to global cooling9 and increasing global ice volume10. Instead, we observe a reversal on a million-year timescale, from increasing ACC strength during Pliocene global cooling to a subsequent decrease with further Early Pleistocene cooling. This shift in the ACC regime coincided with a Southern Ocean reconfiguration that altered the sensitivity of the ACC to atmospheric and oceanic forcings11-13. We find ACC strength changes to be closely linked to 400,000-year eccentricity cycles, probably originating from modulation of precessional changes in the South Pacific jet stream linked to tropical Pacific temperature variability14. A persistent link between weaker ACC flow, equatorward-shifted opal deposition and reduced atmospheric CO2 during glacial periods first emerged during the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT). The strongest ACC flow occurred during warmer-than-present intervals of the Plio-Pleistocene, providing evidence of potentially increasing ACC flow with future climate warming.

Ethanol binge drinking exposure during adolescence displays long-lasting motor dysfunction related to cerebellar neurostructural damage even after long-term withdrawal in female Wistar rats.

Ethanol is one of the psychoactive substances most used by young individuals, usually in an intermittent and episodic manner, also called binge drinking. In the adolescent period, brain structures undergo neuromaturation, which increases the vulnerability to psychotropic substances. Our previous studies have revealed that ethanol binge drinking during adolescence elicits neurobehavioral alterations associated with brain damage. Thus, we explored the persistence of motor function impairment and cerebellum damage in the context of ethanol withdrawal periods (emerging adulthood and adult life) in adolescent female rats. Female Wistar rats (35 days old) received orally 4 cycles of ethanol (3.0 g/kg/day) or distilled water in 3 days on-4 days off paradigm (35th until 58th day of life). Motor behavioral tests (open field, grip strength, beam walking, and rotarod tests) and histological assays (Purkinje's cell density and NeuN-positive cells) were assessed on the 1-, 30-, and 60-days of binge alcohol exposure withdrawal. Our findings demonstrate that the adolescent binge drinking exposure paradigm induced cerebellar cell loss in all stages evaluated, measured through the reduction of Purkinje's cell density and granular layer neurons. The cerebellar tissue alterations were accompanied by behavioral impairments. In the early withdrawal, the reduction of spontaneous movement, incoordination, and unbalance was seen. However, the grip strength reduction was found at long-term withdrawal (60 days of abstinence). The cerebellum morphological changes and the motor alterations persisted until adulthood. These data suggest that binge drinking exposure during adolescence causes motor function impairment associated with cerebellum damage, even following a prolonged withdrawal, in adult life.

In silico approaches for predicting natural compounds with therapeutic potential and vaccine candidates against Streptococcus equi.

Equine strangles is a prevalent disease that affects the upper respiratory in horses and is caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus equi. In addition to strangles, other clinical conditions are caused by the two S. equi subspecies, equi and zooepidemicus, which present relevant zoonotic potential. Treatment of infections caused by S. equi has become challenging due to the worldwide spreading of infected horses and the unavailability of effective therapeutics and vaccines. Penicillin treatment is often recommended, but multidrug resistance issues arised. We explored the whole genome sequence of 18 S. equi isolates to identify candidate proteins to be targeted by natural drug-like compounds or explored as immunogens. We considered only proteins shared among the sequenced strains of subspecies equi and zooepidemicus, absent in the equine host and predicted to be essential and involved in virulence. Of these, 4 proteins with cytoplasmic subcellular location were selected for molecular docking with a library of 5008 compounds, while 6 proteins were proposed as prominent immunogens against S. equi due to their probabilities of behaving as adhesins. The molecular docking analyses revealed the best ten ligands for each of the 4 drug target candidates, and they were ranked according to their binding affinities and the number of hydrogen bonds for complex stability. Finally, the natural 5-ring compound C25H20F3N5O3 excelled in molecular dynamics simulations for the increased stability in the interaction with UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine reductase (MurB). This research paves the way to developing new therapeutics to minimize the impacts caused by S. equi infections.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Description of eight new mitochondrial genomes for the genus Neoarius and phylogenetic considerations for the family Ariidae (Siluriformes).

The genus Neoarius, known as marine catfish, is a group of the family Ariidae, composed of 10 species found in Oceania. None of the species in this genus have their mitochondrial genome described, which is highly valuable in phylogenetic and molecular evolution studies. For the present work, eight species from the Neoarius genus were selected: Neoarius utarus, Neoarius midgleyi, Neoarius graeffei, Neoarius leptaspis, Neoarius berenyi, Neoarius paucus, Neoarius pectoralis, and Neoarius aff. graeffei. DNA sequences of the eight species were obtained through the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database, and the mitochondrial genomes were assembled using the NOVOplasty tool on the Galaxy platform, subsequently annotated with the MitoAnnotator tool. We then utilized the protein-coding genes from the mitogenomes to estimate the phylogenetic relationships within the group, including seven additional mitogenomes available in the NCBI. In all species, the mitochondrial genomes presented 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 1 D-loop.

Evaluation of the effects of SPONDIAS MOMBIN extract as an alternative antimicrobial drug

The extract of Spondias mombin has constituents which may improve psychiatric disorders, in addition to having antiviral, antifungal, and antimicrobial activity. But despite having several benefits, it is necessary to assess whether the extract may interfere with cell metabolism so furthermore its microbicide potential can be explored. Fifteen Wistar rats were used, divided into four groups (control group; control with extract; hyperlipidemic diet; hyperlipidemic diet and extract). For 12 weeks, the animals were weighed and their blood glucose was assessed. Afterwards, they were euthanized, and the biological material was collected. The evaluation confirmed the efficacy of the extract of S. mombin against cell metabolism of rats, without negatively altering cell viability; the group of rats with an hyperlipidemic diet showed an increase in body weight; however, in the individual assessment of the organs, there were no significant changes. The glycemic index, liver parameters, lipids, and mineral ions did not show changes. Furthermore, the antimicrobial potential of S. mombin extract was observed against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Staphylococcus aureus BLACC. The results suggest that S. mombin extract did not interfere with cell viability, did not show cytotoxicity to cells that were exposed to it, nor did it interfere with the metabolism, organs, and biochemical indices of rats with a standard or hyperlipidemic diet. Considering such characteristics and the potential activities observed in this present study, additional evaluation should be conducted to further assess the role of S. mombin extract as a source of new alternative antimicrobial drug as well as its possible beneficial activity to the cardiovascular system.

Air pollution from forest burning as environmental risk for millions of inhabitants of the Brazilian Amazon: an exposure indicator for human health / Poluição do ar por queimadas florestais como risco ambiental para milhões de habitantes da Amazônia brasileira: um indicador de exposição para a saúde humana / Contaminación del aire por incendios forestales como riesgo ambiental para millones de habitantes de la Amazonía brasileña: un indicador de exposición para la salud humana

Abstract: In this study, we propose an indicator of air pollution exposure to identify potential hazardous areas for human health in the Amazon and Central-West Regions of Brazil from 2010 to 2019. This indicator aggregates both concentrations and time of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), according to the current limit recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). We used daily PM2.5 averages obtained from the Brazilian Health Integrated Environmental Information System (SISAM) to calculate the percentages of days with PM2.5 concentrations exceeding the limit of 15µg/m³ per year and per month. From 2010 to 2019, the months from August to October presented the largest areas and the highest percentages of days with unacceptable pollution concentration values, harmful to human health. These areas were concentrated in the Arc of Deforestation. Therefore, 60% of the residents of the Amazon and Central-West regions were subjected to inadequate air quality for approximately six months per year. The proposed indicator is reproducible and appropriate to monitor areas of exposure and risk for human health.

Resumo: Este estudo propõe um indicador de exposição à poluição do ar para identificar potenciais áreas de risco para a saúde humana na região amazônica e no Centro-oeste do Brasil de 2010 a 2019. Esse indicador agrega as concentrações e o tempo de exposição à partículas finas de poluição (PM2.5), de acordo com o limite atual recomendado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Foram utilizadas médias diárias de PM2.5 obtidas do Sistema de Informações Ambientais Integrado a Saúde (SISAM) para o cálculo dos percentuais de dias cujas concentrações ultrapassaram o limite de 15μg/m³ por ano e por mês. De 2010 a 2019, os meses de agosto a outubro apresentaram as maiores áreas e os maiores percentuais de dias com valores de concentração inaceitáveis para a saúde humana. Tais áreas estavam concentradas na região do arco do desmatamento. Além disso, 60% dos moradores da região amazônica e do Centro-oeste eram expostos a uma qualidade inadequada do ar por aproximadamente seis meses por ano. O indicador proposto é reprodutível e adequado para monitorizar as áreas de exposição e de risco para a saúde humana.

Resumen: Este estudio propone un indicador de exposición a la contaminación del aire para identificar posibles áreas de riesgo para la salud humana en la región amazónica y el Medio Oeste de Brasil de 2010 a 2019. Este indicador agrega las concentraciones y el tiempo de exposición a partículas finas de contaminación (PM2.5), de acuerdo con el límite actual recomendado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Se utilizaron los promedios diarios de PM2.5 obtenidos del Sistema Integrado de Información Ambiental en Salud (SISAM) para calcular el porcentaje de días cuyas concentraciones superaron el límite de 15μg/m³ por año y por mes. En la década de 2010 a 2019, los meses de agosto a octubre tuvieron las áreas más grandes y los porcentajes más altos de días con valores de concentración inaceptables para la salud humana. Tales áreas se concentraron en la región del arco de la deforestación. Además, el 60% de los residentes de la región amazónica y el Medio Oeste estuvieron sujetos a una calidad del aire inadecuada durante aproximadamente seis meses al año. El indicador propuesto es reproducible y adecuado para monitorizar las áreas de exposición y de riesgo para la salud humana.

Habilidades para vida e as necessidades psicológicas básicas de atletas universitários / Life skills and basic psychological needs of university athletes

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as necessidades psicológicas básicas (NPB) e a percepção de desenvolvimento de habilidades para vida (HV) em atletas universitários. Participaram 136 atletas universitários (21,78±3,37 anos) participantes dos Jogos Universitários Brasileiros 2019. Os instrumentos utilizados foram a Escala de HV para o Esporte e a Escala de Satisfação das BPN para o Esporte. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se os testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnorv e o t independente (p<0,05). Os atletas universitários demonstraram satisfação com suas BPN e alta percepção de desenvolvimento de HV. Atletas universitários do sexo masculino e que recebem algum tipo de incentivo financeiro demonstraram se perceber mais autônomos. Já os mais velhos, de instituição privada, que recebem incentivo financeiro indicam maior desenvolvimento de HV no esporte. É fundamental que profissionais envolvidos no contexto universitário proporcionem experiências esportivas positivas, visando fomentar a satisfação das BPN e no desenvolvimento das HV.

The aim of this study was to compare the basic psychological needs (BPN) and the perception of life skills (LS) in university athletes. Participants (n=136) were 21.78±3.37 years and participated in the 2019 Brazilian University Games. The instruments used were the LS Scale for Sport and the BPN Satisfaction Scale for Sport. For data analysis, the Kolmogorov-Smirnorv test and the independent t-test (p<0.05) were used. University athletes demonstrated satisfaction with their BPN and high perception of LS development. Male university athletes receiving some type of financial incentive demonstrated they perceive themselves to be more autonomous. Older athletes from a private institution, who receive financial incentives indicate greater development of LS in sport. University professionals should provide positive sports experiences, aiming to promote BPN satisfaction and the development of LS.

Novo gancho muscular milimetrado para cirurgia de estrabismo / A new millimeter muscle hook for strabismus surgery

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar um novo tipo de gancho muscular (gancho milimetrado de Felício) e sua eficácia em cirurgias de estrabismo. Métodos: Buscando uma abordagem independente, com a mínima participação do auxiliar, o novo instrumento foi usado em cirurgias de retrocesso e ressecção, para comparar sua eficácia e segurança com a técnica tradicional. Participaram do estudo 14 pacientes divididos em dois grupos. Resultados: O grupo operado por meio da técnica tradicional teve média de idade foi de 14,7 anos, e o grupo que usou o novo gancho teve média de 17 anos. Ambos os grupos obtiveram redução semelhante do estrabismo inicial, sendo, em média, de 87,84% no grupo tradicional e de 93,04% com o novo gancho, porém sem relevância estatística (p=0,274). Conclusão: O gancho milimetrado de Felício mostrou-se opção útil ao cirurgião na realização da cirurgia de estrabismo com redução da importância do auxiliar, de forma segura e reprodutível.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate a new type of muscle hook (Felício's millimeter hook) and its effectiveness in strabismus surgeries. Methods: Seeking an independent approach, with minimal assistance from the assistant, the new instrument was used in retrocession and resection surgeries, to compare its efficacy and safety with the traditional technique. Results: 14 patients participated in the study, divided into two groups. The group who underwent surgery with the traditional technique had a mean age of 14.7 years and the group using the new hook, 17 years. Both groups obtained a similar reduction in initial strabismus, with an average of 87.84% in the traditional group and 93.04% with the new hook, but without statistically significant difference (p=0.274). Conclusion: Felicio's millimeter hook proved to be a useful option for the surgeon in performing strabismus surgery with a reduction in the importance of the assistant, in a safe and reproducible way.

Laser therapy in the treatment of chronic multi-site pain: a systematic review / O uso da terapia laser no tratamento da dor crônica difusa: uma revisão sistemática

Laser therapies are noninvasive techniques with painless, safe, and low-cost therapeutic procedures for chronic pain. No systematic review has evaluated the effects of laser in the treatment of multi-site chronic pain. Objective: To evaluate the effects of laser in the treatment of generalized multi-site chronic pain. Methods: This pioneering study presents a PRISMA systematic review protocol designed to up-to-date the current literature on Laser Therapy in patients with chronic multi-site pain from all founded etiologies. This protocol was registered on the PROSPERO website before data extraction (registration no. CRD42019152345). Results: About 1391 articles met the inclusion criteria and 15 studies were selected for the data extraction. We found 12 studies in patients with fibromyalgia, 01 study about myofascial pain syndrome, 01 study about rheumatoid arthritis and 01 study about diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy. Homogeneity was not found in the Laser protocols, clinical conditions studied, the evaluation methods, or in the controlled groups but together studies suggested that Laser could have benefits in the treatment of pain severity, quality of life, fatigue, stiffness, depression, and anxiety compared to placebo and other therapies for fibromyalgia and for pain at Rheumatoid Arthritis and Diabetic Polyneuropathy. Conclusion: Laser therapy plus the standardized exercise or amitriptilyne provided no extra advantage in the relief of symptoms at fibromyalgia. For TMD myofascial pain no benefits were founded. Studies showed numerous different points and locations of light application but none of the selected studies used spinal stimulation as the Laser application site.

As terapias a laser são técnicas não invasivas, indolores, seguras e de baixo custo e de utilidade no tratamento da dor crônica. Nenhuma revisão sistemática avaliou os efeitos do laser no tratamento da dor crônica em múltiplos locais simultâneos. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do laser no tratamento da dor crônica multifocal generalizada. Métodos: Revisão sistemática PRISMA sobre o uso do laser em pacientes com dor crônica multifocal de diversas etiologias. Este protocolo foi registrado no site PROSPERO antes da extração dos dados (registro nº. CRD42019152345). Resultados: 1.391 artigos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e 15 estudos foram selecionados para a extração de dados, sendo 12 estudos em pacientes com fibromialgia, 01 estudo sobre síndrome dolorosa miofascial, 01 estudo sobre artrite reumatoide e 01 estudo sobre polineuropatia sensório-motora diabética. Não foi encontrada homogeneidade nos protocolos do laser, nos métodos de avaliação ou nos grupos controlados, mas em conjunto os estudos sugeriram que o laser poderia ter benefícios no tratamento da intensidade da dor, qualidade de vida, fadiga, rigidez, depressão e ansiedade em comparação com placebo e outras terapias para fibromialgia e para dor na artrite reumatóide e polineuropatia diabética. A terapia a laser mais o exercício padronizado ou amitriptilina não proporcionou nenhuma vantagem extra no alívio dos sintomas da fibromialgia. Para dor miofascial DTM, nenhum benefício foi encontrado. Conclusão: Os estudos mostraram vários pontos e locais diferentes de aplicação de luz, mas nenhum dos estudos selecionados usou a estimulação espinhal como local de aplicação do laser.

Pandemic responses in vulnerable communities: a simulation-oriented approach / Respuestas a la pandemia en comunidades vulnerables: un abordaje de simulación / Respostas à pandemia em comunidades vulneráveis: uma abordagem de simulação

Abstract Populations living in favelas are facing even more vulnerabilities with the sudden escalation of the COVID-19 pandemic, as social distancing is challenging in such settings. Furthermore, these populations typically lack proper sanitation and hygiene conditions, which are requirements to adequately control the outbreak. This paper proposes the use of System Dynamics modeling to support the public policy-making process in order to avert negative effects of the pandemic in the Brazilian favelas based on measures elicited from the social movement named "Favelas Contra o Corona." The simulation model assessed the effectiveness of strategies and policy bundles encompassing temporary transfer of the favela population, supply of hygiene products, emergency sanitation structures, and expansion of Intensive Care Units. Results indicate that a suitable combination of strategies can bring significant effects to the number of avoidable deaths and the availability of Intensive Care Units for the population.

Resumen Las poblaciones que viven en barrios de bajos recursos enfrentan aún más vulnerabilidades con el surgimiento de la pandemia de COVID-19, ya que para ellos el aislamiento social es una tarea difícil. Además, carecen de condiciones adecuadas de saneamiento e higiene, que son requisitos para controlar la pandemia. Este estudio propone el uso de la Dinámica de Sistemas para apoyar las decisiones de políticas públicas que leen las medidas que se tomarán para aliviar los efectos negativos de la propagación del virus basado en medidas obtenidas del trabajo del movimiento social "Favelas Contra o Corona". Se desarrolla un modelo considerando estrategias y conjunto de políticas basado en: transferencia temporal de la población de barrios de bajos recurso, suministro de productos de higiene, estructuras de saneamiento de emergencia y expansión de la Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos. Se concluye que la solamente por la combinación de políticas efectos significativos serán alcanzados en el número de muertes evitadas y en el logro de la disponibilidad de Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos en el sistema de salud.

Resumo Populações vivendo em favelas no Brasil enfrentam ainda mais vulnerabilidade com o advento da COVID-19, já que para elas o isolamento social é uma tarefa difícil. Além disso, esses locais carecem de saneamento e condições de higiene, que são requisitos importantes para controlar a pandemia. Este artigo propõe o uso de Dinâmica de Sistemas para apoiar decisões de políticas públicas relativas a medidas para aliviar os efeitos negativos da disseminação do vírus baseado em medidas definidas a partir do trabalho do movimento social "Favelas Contra o Corona". O modelo proposto avalia a efetividade de estratégias e conjuntos de políticas que envolvem: transferência temporária da população da favela, suprimento de produtos de higiene, estruturas emergenciais de saneamento e expansão de Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Os resultados apresentam o impacto de cada uma das estratégias. Entretanto, somente a combinação adequada de medida traz resultados significativos sobre o número de mortes evitadas e à disponibilidade de leitos de Unidades de Terapia Intensiva para a população.

Case report: surgical treatment of high-flow coronary fistulas for the pulmonary artery

Abstract Coronary fistulas are rare anomalies that can affect approximately 1% of the population, presenting few specific symptoms, and are often found occasionally in coronary angiography. Here we describe the case of a 61-year-old patient with complaints of precordialgia and dyspnea since adolescence, with late diagnosis of coronary fistulas with drainage to the pulmonary artery, and with unsuccessful percutaneous treatment. Therefore, she underwent open surgery for the correction of the already known fistulas, in addition to the hemangioma involving such vessels, which made the understanding and resolution of this case more complex.

Correlação da ventilação voluntária máxima com a força e resistência dos músculos respiratórios em jovens / Correlation of maximum voluntary ventilation to the strength and resistance of young respiratory muscles

A ventilação voluntária máxima é um dos testes difundidos para avaliação da resistência da musculatura respiratória, mesmo sem ser validado para este fim. Na literatura ainda são encontradas controvérsias quanto a interpretação e aplicabilidade do uso da VVM na prática clínica. OBJETIVO: Verificar a correlação entre a ventilação voluntária máxima e a força e resistência dos músculos respiratórios em jovens hígidos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional de corte transversal realizado na Clínica. Foram incluídos indivíduos > 18 anos, de ambos os sexos e hígidos. Os participantes tiveram sua avaliação da força muscular respiratória através do manovacuômetro, no qual se obteve a Pimáx e Pemáx. A resistência foi avaliada através do teste de carga constante pelo Power Breathe, utilizando 60% da Pimáx. A ventilação voluntária máxima foi realizada pelo espirômetro. Para a correlação das variáveis Pimáx, Pemáx e VVM foi aplicado o teste de correlação de Pearson. O estudo foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética, CAAE 10849519.9.0000.5544. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 27 participantes, em que 59,3% eram do sexo masculino e 55,6% ativos. A ventilação voluntária máxima com a Pimáx e Pemáx, apresentaram respectivamente p = 0,04 e 0,02 e r = 0,53 e 0,57. CONCLUSÃO: O teste de ventilação voluntária máxima possui uma correlação moderada com a força muscular respiratória, e não obtém correlação com o teste de carga constante.

Maximum voluntary ventilation is one of the widespread tests for assessing respiratory muscle strength, even without being validated for this purpose. Controversies are still found in the literature regarding the interpretation and applicability of the use of MVV in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To verify the correlation between maximum voluntary ventilation and respiratory muscle strength and endurance in healthy youngsters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational cross-sectional study conducted at the Clinic. Individuals> 18 years of age, of both sexes and healthy were included. Participants had their respiratory muscle strength assessment using a manovacuometer, in which Pimax and Pmax were obtained. The resistance was evaluated through the constant load test by Power Breathe, using 60% of the Pimáx. Maximum voluntary ventilation was performed by a spirometer. Pearson's correlation test was applied to correlate the variables Pimax, Pmax and VVM. The study was approved by the ethics committee, CAAE 10849519.9.0000.5544. RESULTS: 27 participants were evaluated, of which 59.3% were male and 55.6% were active. The maximum voluntary ventilation with Pimax and Pmax, presented respectively p = 0.04 and 0.02 and r = 0.53 and 0.57. CONCLUSION: The maximum voluntary ventilation test has a moderate correlation with respiratory muscle strength and has no correlation with the constant load test.

Um relato de caso sobre exercício físico e Diabetes Mellitus Tipo II: ainda podemos nos surpreender? / A Case Report on Exercise and Type II Diabetes Mellitus: Can We Still Be Amazed?

O Diabetes mellitus tipo 2(DM2) é fator de risco independente para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares. O exercício físico é uma terapêutica adjuvante e eficaz no controle do DM2, pois evita o declínio funcional, complicações cardiovasculares e melhora a qualidade de vida. OBJETIVO: Apresentar a repercussão de um programa de reabilitação cardiovascular e metabólica sobre o controle glicêmico e capacidade funcional em uma paciente com DM2 e insuficiência cardíaca classe III. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um relato de caso envolvendo uma mulher de 63 anos, irregularmente ativa, eutrófica, sarcopênica, hipertensa e com DM2 em uso de insulina (NPH e ultrarrápida) há 6 anos, com diagnóstico de insuficiência cardíaca(IC) classe funcional III. Ingressa em programa de reabilitação cardiovascular e metabólica supervisionado. Realiza avaliação de perfil lipídico, hemoglobina glicada, teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6), glicemia de jejum. Durante a sessão foi monitorizada a glicemia capilar, pressão arterial sistêmica (PAS) e o traçado eletrocardiográfico. O protocolo consistia em alongamento, exercícios neuromusculares e esteira ergométrica realizados com carga de 12-14 da escala de Borg. O programa durou 16 semanas, sendo realizado 2 vezes na semana totalizando 80 min por sessão. RESULTADOS: Houve acréscimo de 128,57% no TC6 (350 vs 800m). Os valores da hemoglobina glicada pré e pós-programa de treinamento foram 12%- vs-7,5%; glicemia de jejum 346mg/dL-vs-105mg/dL; colesterol total 158mg/ dL-vs-108mg/dL; lipoproteína de baixa densidade(LDL) 95mg/dL-vs-58mg/ dL; lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL) 31mg/dL-vs-41mg/dL; triglicerídeos 115mg/dL-vs-97mg/dL e PA 185x95mmHg vs 139x85mmHg. Ao final do programa foi retirada a utilização da insulina subcutânea. CONCLUSÃO: O programa demonstrou-se adequado na melhora da capacidade funcional submáxima e no controle dos níveis glicêmicos e lipídicos plasmáticos.

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Physical exercise is an adjuvant and effective therapy in the control of DM2, as it prevents functional decline, cardiovascular complications and improves quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To present the repercussions of a cardiovascular and metabolic rehabilitation program on glycemic control and functional capacity in a patient with DM2 and class III heart failure. METHODS: This is a case report that involved a 63-year-old woman, irregularly active, eutrophic, sarcopenic, hypertensive and with DM2 on insulin (NPH and ultrafast) for 6 years, diagnosed with heart failure (HF) functional class III. Joins a supervised cardiovascular and metabolic rehabilitation program. Performs lipid profile, glycated hemoglobin, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), fasting glucose. During the session, capillary blood glucose, blood pressure (BP) and electrocardiographic tracing were monitored. The protocol consisted of stretching, neuromuscular exercises and a treadmill performed with a load of 12-14 on the Borg scale. The program lasted 16 weeks, being carried out twice a week totaling 80 min per session. RESULTS: There was an increase of 128.57% in the 6MWT (350 vs 800m). The glycated hemoglobin values before and after the training program were 12% -vs-7.5%; fasting blood glucose 346mg / dL-vs-105mg / dL; total cholesterol 158mg / dL-vs-108mg / dL; lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) 95mg / dL-vs-58mg / dL; high density lipoprotein (HDL) 31mg / dL-vs-41mg / dL; triglycerides 115mg / dL-vs-97mg / dL and PA 185x95mmHg vs 139x85mmHg. At the end of the program, the use of subcutaneous insulin was withdrawn. CONCLUSION: The program proved to be adequate in improving submaximal functional capacity and in controlling plasma glycemic and lipid levels.

Benefits of Qigong as an integrative and complementary practice for health: a systematic review / Benefícios do Qigong como prática integrativa e complementar para a saúde: revisão sistemática / Beneficios del Qigong como terapia alternativa y complementaria para la salud: una revisión sistemática

Objective: to analyze, in the literature, evidence about the benefits of the integrative and complementary practice of Qigong with regard to the health of adults and the elderly. Method: a systematic review by searching for studies in the PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials were included; in Portuguese, English and Spanish; from 2008 to 2018. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses strategy was adopted, as well as the recommendation of the Cochrane Collaboration for assessing the risk of bias in the clinical trials analyzed. Results: 28 studies were selected that indicated the benefit of the practice to the target audience, which can be used for numerous health conditions, such as: cancer; fibromyalgia; Parkinson's disease; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Burnout; stress; social isolation; chronic low back pain; cervical pain; buzz; osteoarthritis; fatigue; depression; and cardiovascular diseases. However, there was a great risk of bias in terms of the blinding of the research studies. Conclusion: the practice of Qigong produces positive results on health, mainly in the medium and long term. This study contributes to the advancement in the use of integrative and complementary practices in nursing, since it brings together the scientific production in the area from the best research results available.

Objetivo: analisar na literatura as evidências sobre os benefícios da prática integrativa e complementar de Qigong à saúde de pessoas adultas e idosas. Método: revisão sistemática mediante a busca de estudos nas bases de dados PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, EMBASE e Cochrane Library. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados e não randomizados; em português, inglês e espanhol; de 2008 a 2018. Adotou-se a estratégia Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, bem como a recomendação da Colaboração Cochrane para a avaliação do risco de viés dos ensaios clínicos analisados. Resultados: foram selecionados 28 estudos que indicaram o benefício da prática para o público-alvo, podendo ser utilizada para inúmeras condições de saúde, como: câncer; fibromialgia; Doença de Parkinson; Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica; Burnout; estresse; isolamento social; lombalgia crônica; dor cervical; zumbido; osteoartrite; fadiga; depressão; e doenças cardiovasculares. Notou-se, contudo, grande risco de viés no que tange ao cegamento das pesquisas. Conclusão: a prática de Qigong produz resultados positivos sobre a saúde, principalmente, a médio e longo prazo. Este estudo contribui para o avanço no uso de práticas integrativas e complementares na enfermagem uma vez que reúne a produção científica na área a partir dos melhores resultados de pesquisas disponíveis.

Objetivo: analizar las evidencias presentes en la literatura acerca de los beneficios del Qigong como práctica integradora y complementaria en relación a la salud de adultos y ancianos. Método: revisión sistemática mediante la búsqueda de estudios en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, EMBASE y Cochrane Library. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y no aleatorizados en portugués, inglés y español, de 2008 a 2018. Se adoptó la estrategia Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, así como la recomendación de la Colaboración Cochrane empleada para evaluar el riesgo de sesgo de los ensayos clínicos analizados. Resultados: se seleccionaron 28 estudios que indicaron los beneficios de la práctica para el público objetivo, empleada en la afección de numerosos problemas de salud como cáncer, fibromialgia, Mal de Parkinson, Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica, Burnout, estrés, aislamiento social, lumbalgia crónica, dolor cervical, tinnitus, osteoartritis, fatiga, depresión y enfermedades cardiovasculares. No obstante, se registró un gran riesgo de sesgo en lo que se refiere al procedimiento de enmascaramiento de las investigaciones. Conclusión: practicar Qigong produce resultados positivos en la salud, principalmente, a mediano y largo plazo. Este estudio contribuye al avance en el uso de prácticas integradoras y complementarias en enfermería, ya que reúne la producción científica en el área, seleccionada a partir de los mejores resultados de las investigaciones disponibles.