Sex Differences in Temporal Sleep Patterns, Social Jetlag, and Attention in High School Adolescents.

Insufficient sleep and irregular sleep hours are common in adolescents, who experience a delayed sleep phase due to biopsychosocial changes associated with puberty, resulting in later sleep times. However, early morning class hours shorten sleep duration on weekdays. This condition is harmful to cognitive performance, which may be accentuated in girls due to a greater sleep need and less resistance to sleep deprivation. In this study, we evaluated sex differences concerning temporal sleep patterns, social jetlag, and attention in high school adolescents attending morning classes. Students ( n = 146 - F: 73-16.1 ± 0.8 years; M: 73-16.2 ± 0.9 years) completed a Health and Sleep questionnaire, kept a sleep diary for 10 days, which incorporated a Maldonado Sleepiness Scale, and performed a Continuous Performance Task. Girls went to bed earlier and woke up on weekends, and spent more time in bed at night and in 24 h on weekdays and weekends, while they also had a greater irregularity in wake-up times ( p < 0.05). There were no differences between sexes in terms of social jetlag, sleep debt, and sleepiness upon awakening ( p > 0.05). Regarding attention, the girls had a longer reaction time in phasic alertness ( p < 0.01) and a tendency to have fewer errors in selective attention ( p = 0.06). These results persisted when controlled for sleep parameters. Therefore, we suggest that girls have a greater sleep need and less resistance to sleep deprivation, while the differences in attention performance could be due to different strategies, the girls could be making a trade, increasing reaction time in favor of better accuracy, while the boys could be prioritizing a faster response time.

Planejamento reprodutivo e inserção de dispositivo intrauterino realizada por médicos e enfermeiras no brasil / Reproductive planning and insertion of intrauterine devices by physicians and nurses in brazil / Planificación reproductiva e inserción de dispositivos intrauterinos realizadas por médicos y enfermeras en brasil

RESUMO: Objetivo: analisar os registros referentes à consulta de planejamento reprodutivo e a inserção do dispositivo intrauterino realizadas por enfermeiros e médicos na Atenção Primária à Saúde do Brasil, no ano de 2021. Método: trata-se de estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo, utilizando-se de dados secundários do Sistema de Informação em Saúde para a Atenção Básica e submetido à análise estatística descritiva simples dos dados. Resultados: foram registrados no país 18.243 procedimentos sobre a inserção do DIU com prevalência da atuação do profissional médico, exceto no estado de Roraima; e o quantitativo de 54.186 consultas de planejamento reprodutivo com hegemonia de 41.184 (76%) do profissional enfermeiro em relação aos médicos 13.002 (24%). Conclusão: há necessidade de investimento na capacitação de médicos e enfermeiros para ampliar o acesso e direito à atenção à vida sexual das mulheres no país. A atuação da Enfermagem se constitui em uma via para consolidar o direito à atenção à vida sexual e reprodutiva das mulheres.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the records referring to reproductive planning consultations and to intrauterine device insertion performed in 2021 by nurses and physicians in Primary Health Care in Brazil. Method: this is a quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study that resorted to secondary data from the Health Information System for Primary Care and submitted to simple descriptive statistics data analysis. Results: a total of 18,243 procedures about IUD insertion were recorded in the country, with prevalence of physicians, except for the state of Roraima; as well as 54,186 reproductive planning consultations with predominance of 41,184 (76%) nurses in relation to physicians (13,002; 24%). Conclusion: there is a need to invest in the training of physicians and nurses in order to expand access and the right to sexual life care of the women living in the country. Nursing care is a way to consolidate women's right to sexual and reproductive life care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los registros sobre la consulta de planificación reproductiva y la inserción del dispositivo intrauterino realizadas por enfermeros y médicos en la Atención Primaria de Salud en Brasil, en el año 2021. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, transversal y descriptivo, utilizando datos secundarios del Sistema de Información en Salud para la Atención Primaria y sometidos a análisis estadístico descriptivo simple de los datos. Resultados: se registraron 18.243 procedimientos de inserción de DIU en el país, en los que predominaron los profesionales médicos, excepto en el estado de Roraima; mientras que, de las 54.186 consultas de planificación reproductiva registradas, 41.184 (76%) fueron realizadas por los profesionales de enfermería y 13.002 (24%) por médicos. Conclusión: es necesario invertir en la formación de médicos y enfermeros para ampliar el acceso y el derecho al cuidado de la vida sexual de las mujeres en el país. El trabajo de Enfermería constituye una forma de consolidar el derecho al cuidado de la vida sexual y reproductiva de las mujeres.

Applications of massively parallel sequencing in forensic genetics.

Massively parallel sequencing, also referred to as next-generation sequencing, has positively changed DNA analysis, allowing further advances in genetics. Its capability of dealing with low quantity/damaged samples makes it an interesting instrument for forensics. The main advantage of MPS is the possibility of analyzing simultaneously thousands of genetic markers, generating high-resolution data. Its detailed sequence information allowed the discovery of variations in core forensic short tandem repeat loci, as well as the identification of previous unknown polymorphisms. Furthermore, different types of markers can be sequenced in a single run, enabling the emergence of DIP-STRs, SNP-STR haplotypes, and microhaplotypes, which can be very useful in mixture deconvolution cases. In addition, the multiplex analysis of different single nucleotide polymorphisms can provide valuable information about identity, biogeographic ancestry, paternity, or phenotype. DNA methylation patterns, mitochondrial DNA, mRNA, and microRNA profiling can also be analyzed for different purposes, such as age inference, maternal lineage analysis, body-fluid identification, and monozygotic twin discrimination. MPS technology also empowers the study of metagenomics, which analyzes genetic material from a microbial community to obtain information about individual identification, post-mortem interval estimation, geolocation inference, and substrate analysis. This review aims to discuss the main applications of MPS in forensic genetics.

Genetic diversity of the LILRB1 and LILRB2 coding regions in an admixed Brazilian population sample.

Leukocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (LILR) LILRB1 and LILRB2 may play a pivotal role in maintaining self-tolerance and modulating the immune response through interaction with classical and nonclassical HLA molecules. Although both diversity and natural selection patterns over HLA genes have been extensively evaluated, little information is available concerning the genetic diversity and selection signatures on the LILRB1/2 regions. Therefore, we identified the LILRB1/2 genetic diversity using next-generation sequencing in a population sample from São Paulo State, Brazil. We identified 58 LILRB1 Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs), which gave rise to 13 haplotypes, and 41 LILRB2 SNVs arranged into 11 haplotypes. Although we may not exclude as a possible effect of population structure, we found evidence of either positive or purifying selection on LILRB1/2 coding regions. Some residues in both proteins showed to be under the effect of positive selection, suggesting that amino acid replacements in these proteins resulted in beneficial functional changes. Finally, we have revealed that allelic variation (six and five amino acid exchanges in LILRB1 and LILRB2, respectively) affects the structure and/or stability of both molecules. Nonetheless, LILRB2 has shown higher average stability, with no D1/D2 residue affecting protein structure. Overall, our findings demonstrate that LILRB1 and LILRB2 are as polymorphic as HLA class Ib genes and provide strong evidence supporting the directional selection regime hypothesis.

Guia de intervenção precoce como recurso terapêutico ocupacional para cuidadores de crianças hospitalizadas / Early intervention guide as occupational therapeutic resource for hospitalized child caregivers / Guía de intervención temprana como recurso terapéutico ocupacional para cuidadores de ninõs hospitalizados

Introdução: Os primeiros anos de vida de uma criança são essenciais para seu desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor. Quando a criança está hospitalizada, o acompanhamento de seu desenvolvimento se torna importante para a promoção de saúde, prevenção de agravos e a identificação de atraso motor, cognitivo, sensorial e social. Objetivo: Apresentar um guia de orientação aos cuidadores de crianças hospitalizadas sobre intervenção precoce, para avaliá-lo como recurso informativo sobre o desenvolvimento infantil. Método: Pesquisa de corte transversal, com delineamento descritivo, abordagem quantitativa com correlação entre variáveis, desenvolvida em um hospital-escola infantil de nível terciário. Participaram 21 cuidadores de crianças hospitalizadas com faixa etária de 0 a 24 meses, durante o período de maio a julho de 2020. Foram aplicados três questionários semiestruturados (um para caracterização da amostra e os outros dois para comprovar a eficácia do guia). Foi distribuído um guia impresso aos cuidadores. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente, usando estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes (95,24%) era de mães das crianças, cuja média de idade foi de 6±5,74 meses. Os diagnósticos prevalentes foram as cardiopatias (57,14%) e tempo de internação em torno de 66±44,78 dias. Com a aplicação dos questionários, foi possível identificar o interesse dos cuidadores em receber informações sobre o desenvolvimento infantil e utilizar o guia como recurso para orientá-los sobre como propiciar estímulos saudáveis às crianças. Conclusão: O guia se mostrou um recurso informativo de grande valia, pois permite que os cuidadores se atentem à prevenção de atrasos no desenvolvimento e proporcionem maior qualidade de vida às crianças durante a internação e também no domicílio.(AU) Palavras-chave: Guia de estudo como assunto. Intervenção precoce. Terapia Ocupacional. Desenvolvimento Infantil. Cuidadores. Criança hospitalizada

Introduction: The first years of a child's life are essential for their neuropsychomotor development. When the child is hospitalized, monitoring their development becomes essential for health promotion, disease prevention, and identifying motor, cognitive, sensory, and social delays. Objective: Present an orientation guide for caregivers of hospitalized children on early intervention to evaluate it as an informative resource on child development. Method: We carried out a cross-sectional with a descriptive design, using a quantitative approach, developed in a tertiary-level children's teaching hospital. Participants were 21 caregivers of hospitalized children aged 0 to 24 months, from May to July 2020. Three semi-structured questionnaires were applied (one to characterize the sample and the other two to prove the guide's effectiveness). A printed guide was distributed to caregivers. Data were statistically analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Most participants (95.24%) were mothers of the children, whose mean age was 6±5.74 months. The principal diagnoses were heart disease (57.14%) and length of hospital stay around 66±44.78 days. With the application of the questionnaires, it was possible to identify the caregivers' interest in receiving information about child development and using the guide as a resource to guide them on how to provide healthy stimuli to children. Conclusion: The guide proved to be an informative resource of great value, as it allows caregivers to pay attention to the prevention of developmental delays and provide a better quality of life for children during hospitalization and at home.(AU) Keywords: Study guide as topic. Early intervention. Occupational therapy. Child development. Caregivers. Child Hospitalized

Introducción: Los primeros años de vida del niño son fundamentales para su desarrollo neuropsicomotor. Cuando el niño está hospitalizado, el seguimiento de su desarrollo se vuelve fundamental para la promoción de la salud, la prevención de enfermedades y la identificación de retrasos motores, cognitivos, sensoriales y sociales. Objetivo: Presentar una guía de orientación para cuidadores de niños hospitalizados sobre intervención temprana para evaluarla como recurso informativo sobre el desarrollo infantil. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal con diseño descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo, desarrollado en un hospital de enseñanza infantil de tercer nivel. Participaron 21 cuidadores de niños hospitalizados de 0 a 24 meses, de mayo a julio de 2020. Se aplicaron tres cuestionarios semiestructurados (uno para caracterizar la muestra y los otros dos para comprobar la efectividad de la guía). Se distribuyó una guía impresa a los cuidadores. Los datos se analizaron estadísticamente mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: La mayoría de las participantes (95,24%) eran madres de los niños, cuya media de edad fue de 6±5,74 meses. Los principales diagnósticos fueron cardiopatía (57,14%) y estancia hospitalaria en torno a 66±44,78 días. Con la aplicación de los cuestionarios se logró identificar el interés de los cuidadores en recibir información sobre el desarrollo infantil y utilizar la guía como recurso para orientarlos sobre cómo brindar estímulos saludables a los niños. Conclusión: La guía demostró ser un recurso informativo de gran valor, ya que permite a los cuidadores prestar atención a la prevención de retrasos en el desarrollo y brindar una mejor calidad de vida a los niños durante la hospitalización y en el hogar.(AU) Palabras clave: Guías de estudio como assunto. Intervención Temprana. Terapia ocupacional. Desarrollo infantil. Cuidadores. Niño hospitalizado

Religiosity and mental health as aspects of comprehensiveness in care / Religiosidad y salud mental como aspectos de la atención integral / Religiosidade e saúde mental como aspecto da integralidade no cuidado

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand how religiosity can influence the health of individuals diagnosed with mental disorders, based on comprehensive care. Methods: this is an integrative literature review, with the inclusion of articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish, between 2010 and 2018. Results: the critical analysis and qualitative synthesis of the 24 selected studies were categorized into two subtopics: The influence of religiosity in promoting comprehensive mental health care; Mental health versus religiosity: influencing conditions for effective access to comprehensive care. Final considerations: a positive influence of religiosity was identified in the lives of individuals diagnosed with mental disorders; however, evidence shows that health teams do not feel comfortable and prepared to work with religiosity as an expression of spirituality. This being one of the dimensional aspects of health, it can be inferred, on the results, the existence of this gap in the comprehensive care approach.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender cómo la religiosidad puede influir en la salud de las personas diagnosticadas con trastornos mentales, a partir de una atención integral. Métodos: se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integradora, que incluye artículos en portugués, inglés y español, entre 2010 y 2018. Resultados: el análisis crítico y la síntesis cualitativa de los 24 estudios seleccionados se categorizaron en dos subtemas: La influencia de la religiosidad en la promoción de la atención integral de la salud mental; Salud mental versus religiosidad: influyendo en las condiciones para el acceso efectivo a la atención integral. Consideraciones finales: se identificó una influencia positiva de la religiosidad en la vida de las personas diagnosticadas con trastornos mentales, sin embargo la evidencia muestra que los equipos de salud no se sienten cómodos y preparados para trabajar con la religiosidad como expresión de la espiritualidad. Siendo este uno de los aspectos dimensionales de la salud, es posible inferir de los resultados la existencia de esta brecha en el enfoque de atención integral.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender como a religiosidade pode influenciar a saúde dos indivíduos diagnosticados com transtornos mentais, com base no cuidado integral. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, com inclusão de artigos em português, inglês e espanhol, no período entre 2010 e 2018. Resultados: a análise crítica e síntese qualitativa dos 24 estudos selecionados foram categorizados em dois subtópicos: A influência da religiosidade na promoção do cuidado integral em saúde mental; Saúde mental versus religiosidade: condicionantes influenciadores para efetivação do acesso ao cuidado integral. Considerações finais: identificou-se uma influência positiva da religiosidade na vida dos indivíduos diagnosticados com transtornos mentais, no entanto as evidências demonstram que as equipes de saúde não se sentem confortáveis e preparados para trabalhar a religiosidade como expressão da espiritualidade. Sendo este um dos aspectos dimensionais de saúde, pode-se inferir, sobre os resultados, a existência desta lacuna na abordagem integral do cuidado.

Comparative analysis of sleep patterns and attention components in high school and college adolescents.

Adolescence is a phase with physiological and behavioral changes. One of them occurs in the sleep-wake cycle pattern, manifested by a phase delay. However, morning school start time can decrease sleep duration during weekdays, impairing adolescent cognitive performance and well-being. Adolescents of different ages and educational level might suffer the impact of academic demand on sleep-wake cycle and cognition differently. Thus, the aim of this study is to compare the sleep habits and quality, sleepiness upon awakening and attention components among adolescents in the first years of high school and college. 71 adolescents participated in the study (45 girls and 26 boys), 44 enrolled in high school morning classes (G1 - 15.5±0.7 years), from a private school, and 27 college students enrolled in morning classes (G2 - 18.8±1.04 years), from biosciences courses from a public institution. The groups did not differ in bedtime, get up time, time in bed and sleep irregularity. However, both groups showed differences according to the day of the week, bedtime and get up time became later and time in bed extended on weekends. G1 presented worse sleep quality and regarding attention, showed higher percentage of omissions in all components and worse performance in sustained attention (ANOVA, p<0.05). The poorer sleep quality of high school adolescents and reduced attention may have a negative effect on school performance. Additional studies are needed to investigate the causes of these differences between these two educational levels.

Teaching community of practice: permanent training strategy for teaching vocational training in nursing.

OBJECTIVE: To identify possibilities for developing teaching community of practice as a permanent training strategy for teaching in vocational nursing education. METHOD: This is a qualitative action research, carried out with vocational training professors and pedagogical coordination of a Unified Health System Vocational School of Ceará. Data were collected by focus groups and submitted to Bardin's content analysis, supported by the Qualitative Data Analysis Software. RESULTS: Possibilities for the development of teaching community of practice were identified by the perception of the need for teacher training, difficulty in reconciling work and study, and the feasibility of promoting this training in a group. CONCLUSION: Teaching community of practice, in addition to being a viable strategy for nursing professor education, is urgent, as the training of secondary-level workers is crucial for quality of care and consolidation of the Unified Health System.

Religiosity and mental health as aspects of comprehensiveness in care.

OBJECTIVE: to understand how religiosity can influence the health of individuals diagnosed with mental disorders, based on comprehensive care. METHODS: this is an integrative literature review, with the inclusion of articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish, between 2010 and 2018. RESULTS: the critical analysis and qualitative synthesis of the 24 selected studies were categorized into two subtopics: The influence of religiosity in promoting comprehensive mental health care; Mental health versus religiosity: influencing conditions for effective access to comprehensive care. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: a positive influence of religiosity was identified in the lives of individuals diagnosed with mental disorders; however, evidence shows that health teams do not feel comfortable and prepared to work with religiosity as an expression of spirituality. This being one of the dimensional aspects of health, it can be inferred, on the results, the existence of this gap in the comprehensive care approach.

Prediction of eye and hair pigmentation phenotypes using the HIrisPlex system in a Brazilian admixed population sample.

Human pigmentation is a complex trait, probably involving more than 100 genes. Predicting phenotypes using SNPs present in those genes is important for forensic purpose. For this, the HIrisPlex tool was developed for eye and hair color prediction, with both models achieving high accuracy among Europeans. Its evaluation in admixed populations is important, since they present a higher frequency of intermediate phenotypes, and HIrisPlex has demonstrated limitations in such predictions; therefore, the performance of this tool may be impaired in such populations. Here, we evaluate the set of 24 markers from the HIrisPlex system in 328 individuals from Ribeirão Preto (SP) region, predicting eye and hair color and comparing the predictions with their real phenotypes. We used the HaloPlex Target Enrichment System and MiSeq Personal Sequencer platform for massively parallel sequencing. The prediction of eye and hair color was accomplished by the HIrisPlex online tool, using the default prediction settings. Ancestry was estimated using the SNPforID 34-plex to observe if and how an individual's ancestry background would affect predictions in this admixed sample. Our sample presented major European ancestry (70.5%), followed by African (21.1%) and Native American/East Asian (8.4%). HIrisPlex presented an overall sensitivity of 0.691 for hair color prediction, with sensitivities ranging from 0.547 to 0.782. The lowest sensitivity was observed for individuals with black hair, who present a reduced European contribution (48.4%). For eye color prediction, the overall sensitivity was 0.741, with sensitivities higher than 0.85 for blue and brown eyes, although it failed in predicting intermediate eye color. Such struggle in predicting this phenotype category is in accordance with what has been seen in previous studies involving HIrisPlex. Individuals with brown eye color are more admixed, with European ancestry decreasing to 62.6%; notwithstanding that, sensitivity for brown eyes was almost 100%. Overall sensitivity increases to 0.791 when a 0.7 threshold is set, though 12.5% of the individuals become undefined. When combining eye and hair prediction, hit rates between 51.3 and 68.9% were achieved. Despite the difficulties with intermediate phenotypes, we have shown that HIrisPlex results can be very helpful when interpreted with caution.

Prática docente assistencial: compartilhamento de ações para o ensino na atenção primária em saúde / Practices in clinical teaching: sharing actions for teaching in primary health care / Práctica asistencial docente: compartir acciones para la enseñanza en la atención primaria de la salud

Resumo Enquadramento: A prática docente na atenção primária é complexa, podendo a comunidade de prática servir como espaço de formação pedagógica para os enfermeiros supervisores e enfermeiros docentes. Objetivo: Descrever as ações identificadas por enfermeiros supervisores e enfermeiros docentes em comunidade de prática docente assistencial no ensino na atenção primária em saúde. Metodologia: Pesquisa-ação, qualitativa, realizada com grupos focais com 13 enfermeiros supervisores da atenção primária e enfermeiros docentes. Utilizou-se o software de análise de dados AtlasTi 8, e análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: Obtiveram-se três categorias: Ações dos enfermeiros docentes para a qualificação da formação em enfermagem na atenção primária em saúde; Ações dos enfermeiros supervisores para a qualificação da formação em enfermagem na atenção primária em saúde; Ações das Instituições de Ensino e de Saúde para a qualificação da prática docente na atenção primária em saúde. Conclusão: Os membros constituíram-se enquanto uma comunidade de prática, pois compartilharam interesses comuns, levando ao engajamento sobre definição de ações no exercício docente com especificidade na atenção primária.

Abstract Background: Teaching in primary health care is complex, and the community of practice (COP) can be a place of pedagogical training for nurse tutors and nurse teachers. Objective: To describe the actions identified by nurse tutors and nurse teachers of a COP in primary care teaching. Methodology: Qualitative participatory action research carried out with 13 primary care nurse tutors and nurse teachers using focus groups. Data analysis used the Atlas Ti 8 software program, following Bardin's content analysis approach. Results: Three categories emerged: Nurse teachers' actions for the qualification of nursing education in Primary Health Care; Nurse tutors' actions for the qualification of nursing education in Primary Health Care; and Education and Health Institutions' actions for the qualification of teaching practices in Primary Health Care. Conclusion: The participants established a COP because they shared common interests, which led to the commitment to defining actions in primary health care teaching.

Resumen Marco contextual: La práctica docente en atención primaria es compleja, y la comunidad de práctica puede servir como espacio de formación pedagógica para los enfermeros supervisores y enfermeros docentes. Objetivo: Describir las acciones identificadas por los enfermeros supervisores y enfermeros docentes en la comunidad de práctica docente asistencial en la enseñanza de la atención primaria de la salud. Metodología: Investigación-acción cualitativa realizada mediante grupos focales con 13 enfermeros supervisores de atención primaria y enfermeros docentes. Se utilizó el software de análisis de datos AtlasTi 8 y el análisis de contenido de Bardin. Resultados: Se obtuvieron tres categorías, Acciones de los enfermeros docentes para la cualificación de la enseñanza de la enfermería en la atención primaria de la salud; Acciones de los enfermeros supervisores para la cualificación de la formación en enfermería en la atención primaria de la salud; Acciones de las instituciones de Enseñanza y salud para la cualificación de la práctica docente en la atención primaria de la salud. Conclusión: Los miembros se constituyeron como una comunidad de práctica, ya que compartían intereses comunes, lo que los llevó a comprometerse en la definición de acciones en el ejercicio docente, con especificidad en la atención primaria.

Simulação clínica para enfrentamento da COVID-19: treinamento complementar de enfermeiros / Clinical simulation to confront COVID-19: complementary training of nurses / Simulación clínica para el afrontamiento del COVID-19: formación complementaria de enfermeros

Objetivo: relatar a experiência da construção e do desenvolvimento da simulação clínica como ferramenta pedagógica para a formação complementar de enfermeiros no enfrentamento à COVID19. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, de professores do curso de graduação em Enfermagem de uma universidade pública. Utilizou-se, como estratégia de ensino, a simulação clínica realizada durante um curso na qual o estudo de caso serviu como roteiro para o desenvolvimento da experiência. Resultados: notou-se que a construção do cenário realístico e o desenvolvimento da simulação clínica voltados para o atendimento ao paciente com suspeita e/ou quadro confirmado da COVID-19 foram uma estratégia de ensino que favoreceu a interação entre a teoria e a prática, possibilitando um processo de ensino seguro e de qualidade. Conclusão: conclui-se que a simulação clínica facilitou o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico, da comunicação entre profissional e paciente, das habilidades técnicas, afetivas e psicomotoras e da capacidade de tomadas de decisão, preparando enfermeiros para o atendimento real de pacientes suspeitos e casos confirmados de COVID-19 no Amazonas.(AU)

Objective: report on the experience of building and developing clinical simulation as a pedagogical tool for the complementary training of nurses in the fight against COVID-19. Method: It is a qualitative, descriptive, experience report type study of professors from the Nursing undergraduate course of a public university. As a teaching strategy, the clinical simulation performed during a course in which the case study served as a script for the development of the experience was used. Results: it was noted that the construction of the realistic scenario and the development of clinical simulation aimed at the care of patients with suspicion and/or confirmed COVID-19 status were a teaching strategy that favored the interaction between theory and practice, enabling a safe and quality teaching process. Conclusion: it is concluded that clinical simulation facilitated the development of critical thinking, communication between professional and patient, technical, affective and psychomotor skills and decision-making capacity, preparing nurses for the actual care of suspected patients and confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Amazonas.(AU)

Objetivo: reportar la experiencia de la construcción y desarrollo de la simulación clínica como herramienta pedagógica para la formación complementaria del enfermero en el afrontamiento del COVID-19. Método: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, tipo relato de experiencia realizado por profesores de la carrera de licenciatura en Enfermería de una universidad pública. Como estrategia didáctica, se utilizó la simulación clínica durante un curso en el que el estudio de caso sirvió como guion para el desarrollo de la experiencia. Resultados: se observó que la construcción del escenario realista y el desarrollo de la simulación clínica orientada a asistir a pacientes con condiciones sospechosas y / o confirmadas de COVID-19 fueron una estrategia de enseñanza que favoreció la interacción entre teoría y práctica, posibilitando un proceso de enseñanza seguro y de calidad. Conclusión: se concluye que la simulación clínica facilitó el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, la comunicación entre el profesional y el paciente, las habilidades técnicas, afectivas y psicomotoras y la capacidad de tomar decisiones, preparando enfermeros para la atención real de los pacientes sospechosos y casos confirmados del COVID-19 en Amazonas.(AU)

Teaching community of practice: permanent training strategy for teaching vocational training in nursing / Comunidad de práctica docente: una estrategia de formación continua para la docencia en la formación técnica en enfermería / Comunidade de prática docente: estratégia de formação permanente para a docência na educação técnica em enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify possibilities for developing teaching community of practice as a permanent training strategy for teaching in vocational nursing education. Method: This is a qualitative action research, carried out with vocational training professors and pedagogical coordination of a Unified Health System Vocational School of Ceará. Data were collected by focus groups and submitted to Bardin's content analysis, supported by the Qualitative Data Analysis Software. Results: Possibilities for the development of teaching community of practice were identified by the perception of the need for teacher training, difficulty in reconciling work and study, and the feasibility of promoting this training in a group. Conclusion: Teaching community of practice, in addition to being a viable strategy for nursing professor education, is urgent, as the training of secondary-level workers is crucial for quality of care and consolidation of the Unified Health System.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar posibilidades para el desarrollo de una comunidad de práctica docente como estrategia de formación permanente para la docencia en educación técnica en enfermería. Método: Investigación cualitativa del tipo investigación-acción, realizada con profesores del curso técnico en enfermería y coordinación pedagógica de una Escuela Técnica del Sistema Único de Salud de Ceará. Los datos fueron recopilados por grupos focales y enviados al análisis de contenido de Bardin, con el apoyo del software de análisis de datos cualitativos. Resultados: Se identificaron posibilidades para el desarrollo de una comunidad de práctica docente a través de la percepción de la necesidad de formación docente, la dificultad para conciliar trabajo y estudio, y la viabilidad de promover esta formación en grupos. Conclusión: La comunidad de práctica docente, además de ser una estrategia viable para la formación del profesorado de enfermería, es urgente, pues la formación de los trabajadores del nivel secundario es fundamental para la calidad de la atención y la consolidación del Sistema Único de Salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar possibilidades para o desenvolvimento de Comunidade de Prática docente como estratégia de formação permanente para a docência na educação técnica em enfermagem. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa do tipo pesquisa-ação, realizada com professores do curso técnico em enfermagem e coordenação pedagógica de uma Escola Técnica do Sistema Único de Saúde do Ceará. Os dados foram coletados por grupos focais e submetidos à análise de conteúdo de Bardin, com suporte do Qualitative Data Analysis Software. Resultados: Possibilidades para o desenvolvimento de comunidade de prática docente foram identificadas mediante a percepção da necessidade de formação docente, dificuldade de conciliar trabalho e estudo e viabilidade de promover esta formação em grupo. Conclusão: A comunidade de prática docente, além de ser uma estratégia viável para a formação docente em enfermagem, é premente, pois a formação de trabalhadores de nível médio é determinante para a qualidade do cuidado e consolidação do Sistema Único de Saúde.

Validação de conteúdo: aplicativo móvel safe heart para monitoramento e identificação de risco de infarto / Validación de contenido: aplicación móvil safe heart para el seguimiento e identificación del riesgo de infarto / Content validation: safe heart mobile application for monitoring and identification of infarction risk

Objetivo verificar a validade de conteúdo do aplicativo móvel Safe Heart para monitoramento e identificação de risco de infarto. Método estudo de validação de conteúdo. Participaram do estudo 10 juízes. Foram avaliados 21 itens, por meio da escala de Likert. Para estimativa do grau de concordância, foi utilizado o cálculo do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Resultados a análise estatística com alpha de Cronbach 0,9573 consolidou o Safe Heart quanto à validade e à confiabilidade na consistência interna do conteúdo desenvolvido no aplicativo; os juízes apresentaram consistência válida nos itens observados. Conclusão a validade de conteúdo do aplicativo móvel Safe Heart foi aprovada para monitoramento e identificação de risco de infarto.

Objetivo verificar la validez de contenido de la aplicación móvil Safe Heart para el seguimiento e identificación del riesgo de infarto. Método estudio de validación de contenido. Diez jueces participaron en el estudio. Veintiún ítems fueron evaluados mediante la escala Likert. Para estimar el grado de concordancia, se calculó el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Resultados el análisis estadístico con Cronbach de alfa 0,9573 consolidó Safe Heart en cuanto a validez y confiabilidad en la consistencia interna del contenido desarrollado en la aplicación; los jueces presentaron consistencia válida en los ítems observados. Conclusión la validez de contenido de la aplicación móvil Safe Heart ha sido aprobada para el seguimiento e identificación del riesgo de infarto.

Objective to verify the content validity of the Safe Heart mobile app for monitoring and identification of infarction risk. Method content validation study. Ten judges participated in the study. Twenty-one items were evaluated using the Likert scale. To estimate the degree of agreement, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated. Results Cronbach's alpha statistical analysis with 0.9573 consolidated Safe Heart regarding validity and reliability in the internal consistency of the content developed in the application; the judges presented valid consistency in the observed items. Conclusion the content validity of the Safe Heart mobile app has been approved for monitoring and identification of infarction risk.

Hla-C genetic diversity and evolutionary insights in two samples from Brazil and Benin.

Human leukocyte antigen-C (HLA-C) is a classical HLA class I molecule that binds and presents peptides to cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the cell surface. HLA-C has a dual function because it also interacts with Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) receptors expressed in natural killer and T cells, modulating their activity. The structure and diversity of the HLA-C regulatory regions, as well as the relationship among variants along the HLA-C locus, are poorly addressed, and few population-based studies explored the HLA-C variability in the entire gene in different population samples. Here we present a molecular and bioinformatics method to evaluate the entire HLA-C diversity, including regulatory sequences. Then, we applied this method to survey the HLA-C diversity in two population samples with different demographic histories, one highly admixed from Brazil with major European contribution, and one from Benin with major African contribution. The HLA-C promoter and 3'UTR were very polymorphic with the presence of few, but highly divergent haplotypes. These segments also present conserved sequences that are shared among different primate species. Nucleotide diversity was higher in other segments rather than exons 2 and 3, particularly around exon 5 and the second half of the 3'UTR region. We detected evidence of balancing selection on the entire HLA-C locus and positive selection in the HLA-C leader peptide, for both populations. HLA-C motifs previously associated with KIR interaction and expression regulation are similar between both populations. Each allele group is associated with specific regulatory sequences, reflecting the high linkage disequilibrium along the entire HLA-C locus in both populations.

A reinstitucionalização de crianças e adolescentes na região oeste de Natal/RN / The reinstitutionalization of children and adolescents in the west of Natal-RN / La reinstitucionalización de niños y adolescentes en la región oeste de Natal/RN

O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar a incidência de casos de reinstitucionalização de crianças e adolescentes e discutir como a política de atendimento a essa população está organizada para fortalecer a função protetiva da família. Para tanto, foi realizada pesquisa documental em bancos de dados oficiais. Estes dados foram posteriormente categorizados e analisados à luz dos princípios da Doutrina da Proteção Integral. Nas análises documentais foram encontradas 81 Guias de Acolhimento que apontavam a reinstitucionalização. Destas, 34,6% referiam-se a acolhidos cujas famílias eram oriundas da Região Administrativa Oeste. Os dados apontam que a reinstitucionalização das crianças e adolescentes pode possuir forte relação com a situação de pobreza e ausência do Estado na proposição de políticas públicas efetivas.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the incidence of cases of new institutionalization of children and adolescents and to discuss how the policy of attending to this population is organized to strengthen the family's protective function. For this, a documentary research was carried out in official databases. These data were later categorized and analyzed. In the documentary analyzes were found 81 Guidance Reception that pointed to the new institutionalization. Of these, 34.6% referred to foster families whose families came from the Western Administrative Region. The data indicate that the new institutionalization of children and adolescents may have a strong relationship with the situation of poverty and absence of the State in proposing effective public policies.

El objetivo del artículo es analizar la incidencia de casos de reinstitucionalización de niños y adolescentes y discutir cómo la política de atención a esa población está organizada para fortalecer la función protectora de la familia. Para eso, se realizó una investigación documental en bases de datos oficiales. En los análisis documentales se encontraron 81 Guías de Acogimiento que apuntaban a la reinstitucionalización. De estas, el 34,6% se refería a acogidos cuyas familias provenían de la Región Administrativa Oeste. Los datos apuntan que la reinstitucionalización de los niños y adolescentes puede tener una fuerte relación con la situación de pobreza y ausencia del Estado en la propuesta de políticas públicas efectivas.

Lazer e participação social na percepção da pessoa com deficiência visual / Leisure and social participation in perception of individuals with visual deficiency

O presente estudo teve como objetivo compreender a percepção de indivíduos com deficiência visual sobre o lazer e a participação social. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, transversal e exploratório que foi realizado com11 indivíduos com deficiência visual, moradores e ex-moradores de uma associação em Ribeirão Preto (SP). Para a coleta de dados usou-se entrevista semiestruturada, sendo interpretada segundo análise de conteúdo temática. Foram consideradas quatro categorias pré-definidas para análise: O que é lazer?; Oportunidades de lazer para a pessoa com deficiência visual; Inclusão Social; e A percepção quanto à participação social. Ás percepções dos sujeitos entrevistados permitiu concluir que o lazer e a participação social são temas pouco desenvolvidos, e seria importante investir em intervenções que beneficiem essa população bem como na ampliação dos estudos desses temas.

The present study aimed to understand the perception of individuals with visual impairment on leisure and social participation. It is a qualitative, transversal and exploratory study that was carried out with 11 visually impaired individuals, residents and former residents of an association in Ribeirão Preto (SP). For the data collection a semi-structured interview was used, being interpreted according to thematic content analysis. Four pre-defined categories were considered for analysis: What is leisure?; Leisure opportunities for the visually impaired; Social inclusion; and The perception of social participation. The perceptions of the subjects interviewed allowed us to conclude that leisure and social participation are underdeveloped themes, and it would be important to invest in interventions that benefit this population as well as in the expansion of studies on these themes.

HLA-G Polymorphisms Are Associated with Non-segmental Vitiligo among Brazilians.

(1) Background: Vitiligo is characterized by white patches on the skin caused by loss of melanocyte activity or the absence of these cells. The available treatments minimize the symptoms by retarding the process of skin depigmentation or re-pigmenting the affected regions. New studies are required for a better comprehension of the mechanisms that trigger the disease and for the development of more efficient treatments. Studies have suggested an autoimmune feature for vitiligo, based on the occurrence of other autoimmune diseases in vitiligo patients and their relatives, and on the involvement of genes related to the immune response. (2) Methods: We evaluated, by massive parallel sequencing, polymorphisms of the HLA-G gene in vitiligo patients and control samples, to verify if variants of this gene could influence the susceptibility to vitiligo. (3) Results: We detected an association with non-segmental vitiligo regarding the haplotype Distal-010101a/G*01:01:01:01/UTR-1, adjusting for population stratification by using ancestry-informative markers (AIMs). (4) Conclusions: It remains unclear whether the HLA-G variants associated with vitiligo were detected because of the high linkage disequilibrium (LD) with HLA-A*02, or if the HLA-A variants previously reported as associated with vitiligo were detected because of the high LD with HLA-G*01:01:01:01/UTR-1, or if both genes jointly contribute to vitiligo susceptibility.

Characterization of the Buccula, Rostrum, Stridulatory Sulcus, Scutellum, and External Female Genitalia of Triatoma carcavalloi (Jurberg, Rocha & Lent, 1998), Triatoma circummaculata (Stål, 1859), and Triatoma rubrovaria (Blanchard, 1843) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae).

In Brazil, Triatoma rubrovaria (Blanchard, 1843) is the most important species in epidemiological terms in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, due to its wide geographical distribution in this state, followed by T. carcavalloi (Jurberg, Rocha & Lent, 1998) and T. circummaculata (Stål, 1859). Structural analysis of the ventral region of the head (rostrum and buccula), thorax (stridulatorium sulcus and scutellum), and external female genitalia of adults of T. rubrovaria, T. carcavalloi, and T. circummaculata is described here. Scutellum, head, rostrum, and part of the thorax (prosternum) containing the stridulatory sulcus, in both male and female, and the sixth abdominal segment of the female, containing the external genitalia, were processed for scanning electron microscopy studies as routine. Morphological differences in the analyzed structures for all the three Triatoma species studied were detected under scanning electron microscopy. This study confirms the grouping of the T. rubrovaria, T. carcavalloi, and T. circummaculata in 'T. rubrovaria subcomplex' by their morphological similarities.