[Mathew's clip, an alternative for removal of IUDs with no visible threads. Experience of Family Planning Service]. / Pinza de Mathew, una alternativa en retiro de dispositivos intrauterinos de hilos no visibles. Experiencia de un servicio de planificación familiar.

BACKGROUND: The absence of IUD visible threads in the cervix is a complication of the intrauterine device. The IUD withdrawal in these cases was performed with Novak cannula or curettage instrumented under anesthesia and surgery. Its extraction with Mathew clip is an alternative. OBJECTIVE: To demostrate the effectiveness of the Mathew's clip as an alternatively for removal of intrauterine devices not visible threads. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, retrospective, descriptive study was conducted in from February 2012 to July 2014 at the Family Planning Service of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga ". RESULTS: 106 patients (54%) had no visible threads; in 84 patients (81.5 %) it was removed with Novak, cannula; in 19 patients (18.4%) in which it was not possible, the removal was done with a Mathew's clip. DISCUSSION: Mathew' clip is an alternative in cases where it was not possible to remove the IUD with Novak cannula, 19 IUDs no visible threads were removed. CONCLUSIONS. Mathew clip for removal of intrauterine devices with no visible threads means less risk to the patient and a decrease in institutional costs.

[Complex location of a single rod contraceptive implant]. / Localización difícil de implante anticonceptivo subdérmico de varilla única.

BACKGROUND: The subdermic single-rod contraceptive implant is used for more than 2.5 million of womens around the world (in Mexico there are around 600 000 collocated implants). in a small number of cases an incorrect insertion procedure is caused by a complex localizaron.. METHODS: A clinical, retrospective, descriptive study was conducted in the period January 2011 to December 2013. the Family Planning Service of the General Hospital of Mexico Dr. Eduardo Liceaga. RESULTS: A total of 21 patients were included. In all cases the implant was not palpable in 20 patients and was located by ultrasound and removed. 10 implants were in Fatty tissue, 6 in muscle, 2 in fatty tissue and muscle and 2 were located in armpit. CONCLUSIONS: Due to simplitcity and accessibility, the ultrasound is the selected method for identifying deeply non-palpable implants.

[Risk factors associated, diagnostic methods and treatment for endometriosis, used in clinical service endometriosis gynecology Hospital General de Mexico (2009-2011)]. / Factores de riesgo asociados, métodos diagnósticos y tratamiento para endometriosis, utilizados en la clínica de endometriosis del servicio de ginecología del Hospital General de México (2009- 2011).

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis no ectopic endometrial stroma and glands. Have different risk factors. Four theories explain it: the theory of coelomic metaplasia, embryonic cell debris, deployment and immunological. Clinical data are pain and infertility. For the American Fertility Society (AFS) is divided into minimal, mild, moderate and severe. Diagnostic studies are antigen Ca 125, Magnetic Resonance, and abdominal ultrasound. The ideal method is direct visualization with histological confirmation. The medical and surgical treatment. OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors, diagnosis of Endometriosis and effectiveness of treatments used in clinical Endometriosis Gynecology Unit at the General Hospital of Mexico OD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective duration of 2 years 6 months in 30 patients diagnosed with endometriosis in the clinical treatment of Endometriosis General Hospital of Mexico OD. RESULTS: The most affected age group was 21 to 25 years, the risk factors are Gesta 1, a resident of Mexico, Mullerian malformation. The symptom was dysmenorrhea. In 16 were diagnosed as a surgical finding and laparoscopically diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to study the risk factors. The diagnosis is made using clinical data, quantification of CA125 antigen and imaging studies. Medical treatment is indicated both in the preoperative as well as postoperative surgical treatment and seeks to eradicate the lesions.

[Risk factors for cervical cancer]. / Factores de riesgo para cáncer de cérvix.

In the following document a case and control study carried out in the Hospital General de Mexico is presented. The research obtained and analyzed facts related to social and cultural issues, as well as the obstetrics and gynecologist background, stating for each one of them, the relative risk and its statistical meaning with a trust degree of 95%. All of these aspects are considered critical causes for the development of cervix and uterine cancer. The results demonstrated that the scholar degree, the age in which the patients started sexual activity, the number of sexual partners, the number of births, the age in which the first birth occurred, and the smoking habits are facts that influence the natural evolution of this disease and should be considered as important background.

Aspectos inmunológicos sobre la etiología de la toxemia gravídica / Immunological aspects on gravidic toxemia etiology

La posibilidad de que la etiología de la toxemia gravídica sea inmunológica ha sido estudiada desde hace 70 años. Los diversos investigadores coinciden en la disminución de IgG sin modificaciones en las fracciones C3 y C4 del complemento. Se realizó determinación de IgA, IgM, IgG, C3 y C4 en 15 pacientes con toxemia gravídica y en 15 pacientes con embarazo no complicado. Los resultados coinciden con datos ya publicados como es la disminución de IgG, se observó además la disminuación de la fracción C3 y C4 del complemento. Los hallazgos permiten establecer la posibilidad de un padecimiento por complejos inmunes, teniendo como estímulo antigénico al trofoblasto

Leiomioma retroperitoneal: informe de un caso / Retroperitoneal leiomyoma: a case report

Los tumores benignos de músculo liso tienen una frecuencia muy alta en el tracto genitourinario y gastrointestinal y son muy raros en retroperitoneo. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 37 años de edad con diagnóstico de miomatosis uterina en la que el hallazgo fue de leiomioma retroperitonea

Histerectomía abdominal. Experiencia en la Unidad de Ginecología del Hospital General de México, S.S. / Abdominal hysterectomy. Experiencie in the Gyneco-Obstetrics Unit of the General Hospital of Mexico S.S.

Se revisaron 360 histerectomías abdominales realizadas por patología ginecológica. La edad más frecuente fue la comprendida entre los 36 y 45 años. En más de la mitad de los casos, l84 (51.2%), se hizo la histerectomía en pacientes que habían tenido más de seis gestaciones. En el 35.2%de los casos se realizó en grandes multíparas y 32.6%en multíparas. En 93 (25.4%) en multíparas. En 53 casos existía el antecedente de cirugía previa (14.7%) y, en 59 casos (16.4%) cirugía previa no ginecológica. Los diagnósticos más frecuentes que indicaron la histerctomía fueron: miomatosis uterina en 245 casos (68.05%). Procesos plásticos adhesivos en l4 (3.8%). Tumoraciones ováricas malignas: 13 (3.6%), benignas 10 (2.7%). Además se realizaron otros diagnósticos secundarios que aunque no indicaron la histerectomía sí fueron tributarios de tratamiento complementario como los trastornos de la estática pelvigenital, anexitis, hernia umbilical, etc. Los errores diagnósticos cometidos se debieron fundamentalmente a la frecuencia de tumoraciones ováricas y a una mala interpretación de los trastornos menstruales tan frecuentes en el climaterio. Los diagnósticos omitidos fueron por dificultad clínica pero posibles al patólogo. La cirugía más frecuentemente asociada a la histerectomía fue la salpingooforectomía bilateral en 148 casos (41.1%), con 55 izquierda (15.2%) y 51 derechas (14.16%), así como 44 (12.2%) de correcciones de trastornos de la estática pelvigenital. Las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron la hematuria con 23 casos (6.38%), anemia 20 (5.5%), fiebre 15 (4.16%) y la infección de la herida quirúrgica 15 (4.16%). La mortalidad fue de 0.28%. El promedio de estancia hospitalaria fue de 8 a 14 días (67.2%)